In November, Alexandra left, taking with her a title deed proving her ownership of a barren mountain. Pen ~ fun ~ pavilion www.biquge.info

They left because they had completed the exchange of treaties, Denmark and Sweden had completed the renewal of the Beijing Treaty signed with the Qing government respectively, and nothing had happened, and they had achieved the same treatment as Britain and France, and I don't know what it was like for Britain and France to have fought for four or five years and died of thousands of people (mainly from illness).

The Danes took something away, and the Swedes left something.

New consultant in Sweden.

There are technical advisers, and there are military advisers.

The number of technical advisers is still very large, fifty people, of which 20 are sent to the arsenal, these 20 people are not technical consultants who were mainly skilled workers in the past, but senior talents who are mainly engineers and designers, and they are here to help upgrade the arsenal.

For example, this time they came, they brought Sweden's newly put into production rifled gun technology, the most advanced artillery in Britain and France began to replace rifled guns, and Zhu Jinglun's arsenal could only produce smoothbore Napoleon guns, which was already a level behind.

It's not that the technical personnel in the past were not good enough, but new equipment, new manufacturing processes, etc., rifled guns have long appeared in Europe, and even breech guns, but they were transferred to China a few years ago, and the technical force in Zhu Jinglun's hands is unacceptable.

Zhu Jinglun will build a regular naval shipyard in the newly opened Shekou, which has previously used the technical strength of the arsenal to imitate steamships and hired a large number of Chinese shipbuilders.

The Cantonese people at this time are actually no strangers to shipbuilding, in the era of trade, the restrictions on foreigners are very large, the ships of foreigners to Guangzhou, even if they want to repair, they must find Chinese craftsmen to repair, up to eighty years of monopoly, many craftsmen are quite familiar with the shipbuilding technology of Westerners, until the appearance of Western steamships, the knowledge of these craftsmen is a little unable to keep up, but they have no problem building wooden hulls, the arsenal is responsible for building iron ribs, they otherwise build hulls, connected together after groping, It's a steamship.

But Zhu Jinglun found that there were still some assumptions, the steamers imitated by these people have no problem with steam engines, no problems with hulls, and no problems with iron ribs, but there are constant problems when they are installed together, and the durability is too poor, after all, they are not professional shipbuilders, and there must be some tricks they don't understand.

Since the Swedes offered to help in this regard, Zhu Jinglun was happy to accept it, and with the help of these people, Zhu Jinglun directly ordered a thousand-ton steamship to be used as a flagship.

In fact, the problem is not big, the main thing is some small tricks, the iron rib wooden ship should be said to be more advanced than the pure wooden ship in the past, after the use of steel as the keel and ribs, greatly reduce the dependence of the wooden ship on the keel in the past, in the past is how big the wood can be found to make the keel, in order to build how big the ship, now theoretically speaking, how big the ship is no problem, so Britain and France have been able to build a 5,000-ton warship, if placed in the past, the world can not find such a big keel, when the Ming Dynasty made a treasure ship, The splicing technology used can solve this problem at that time, but for warships, sturdiness is not enough.

After seeing the warships imitated by the arsenal, the Swedish consultant believes that the main problem lies in two aspects, one is that the shrinkage and expansion coefficients of steel and wood are different, so when the temperature difference changes, the stress between the iron rib and the wooden shell will be caused by the different shrinkage, and it will cause cracking in the long run. The solution is to reserve a certain amount of space as a margin for shrinkage and expansion.

Another reason is that the iron nails connecting the iron ribs and the wooden shell are in contact with the wood, if the moisture content of the wood is not up to standard, the iron nails are easy to rust, and the wood will also be corroded.

The 30 Swedish technical advisers were all experts from the three largest shipyards in Gothenburg, Tavelgen, Linsholm and Taliksberg, all of which had at least 30 years of shipbuilding experience, and are now the backbone of Sweden's burgeoning shipbuilding industry, with a level of technology that is on par with the British.

In addition to these technical advisers, military advisers are fifty people.

Fifty of the previous military advisers left, but these fifty people were by no means in the same position, but in a completely new position.

In the past, the military advisers were mainly responsible for helping Zhu Jinglun train the soldiers' military skills, including the pace to the operation of weapons, to the way of fighting on the battlefield, but now these 50 people are mainly civilians.

They came to help Zhu Jinglun improve the military management system.

The main content of management is the entire management process of officers from entry to exit, such as the selection, training, evaluation, rank, promotion, appointment and dismissal, deployment, rewards and punishments, salaries, and retirement of officers.

First of all, it is necessary to establish a Western military academy to train officers.

At the same time, it is also necessary to establish a personnel department in the army, plus the previous logistics department and financial department, and establish a complete set of civilian management departments, which is the real use of literature to control the military, rather than the civilian officials of the Song and Ming dynasties desperately suppressing the military generals and guarding against the military general system, as long as the personnel promotion, logistics supply, and military salary distribution of officers are in their hands, civilian personnel can completely control the army.

The rest is a command, and the command of most countries is in the hands of the officers, which is decided by the commander, but the current chief of the German General Staff has established a staff headquarters system in Germany, and the command power has been snatched into the hands of the general staff headquarters, so that the command of the entire army at the strategic level has been collected into a collective command group, that is, the general staff, instead of the generals in the past to manage everything.

Zhu Jinglun felt that this method was very good, and some staff officers had already been trained in the army, and the best ones had been transferred to the General Staff Headquarters, and the General Staff Headquarters would be directly responsible to him, which would help him control the entire unit, so that the command, personnel, and financial powers would all be grasped in his own hands, and the army would truly become a knife in his hand, and he would not need to think, but only need to carry out orders.

The establishment of a set of military management systems is very complicated, Zhu Jinglun is not in a hurry, he has patience, he has spent three years to build 20,000 troops capable of fighting according to Western-style combat drills, and he does not mind using three years to establish a complete set of management systems.

Of course, since these systems are newly created systems, and Zhu Jinglun's current control over the armed forces is still very strong, it will certainly not take three years to establish this system, and one year is enough time to build it, but I am afraid that it will have to run for at least two years before the army can get used to this system.

At this time, the American Civil War had been fought for two years.

The commander of the Confederate Army, General Robert Lee, won almost every battle, and he always attacked Washington, approached Washington many times, caused panic in Washington many times, and forced Lincoln to remove the commander-in-chief of the front more than once.

Ironically, Robert Lee himself was not a pro-slavery officer, this person was in a prominent position, he served at the only West Point military academy in the United States before the war, his position was principal, well, most of the officers in the North and South armies graduated from West Point, it can be said that almost all the generals who fought with him were his students, and it is not surprising that he was able to win.

After the outbreak of the war, Robert was still in the military academy, so he resigned to President Lincoln, because his hometown Virginia joined the South, and he needed to go back to serve his hometown, which would definitely not work in the Chinese Dynasty, but in a gentlemanly country like the West, he really went back, enlisted in the army, and became the commander-in-chief of the Southern Army.

The commander of the British army in the Opium War, Yilu, was not an officer who supported the smuggling of opium, but he fought an abnormal Opium War for his country and the Qing Dynasty, it is not unreasonable for Westerners to be strong, what they do is obviously inconsistent with their own ideas, but they serve the country without regulation, this spirit of sacrificing risks is a necessary quality for a strong country.

In the second month of the war, that is, in May 1861, Lincoln announced the blockade of all ports in the South, in fact, the North did not have the strength to completely blockade the South at that time, knowing that at the end of the year, the blockade of all the ports in the South was completed, but it still could not cut off all the supplies of the South, otherwise the Civil War would not have been fought for four years.

The South's anti-blockade strategy was smuggling, and it was smuggled by the British, who built numerous small and fast smuggling ships to bring arms and luxury goods from Cuba and the Bahamas in exchange for high-priced cotton and tobacco. Even when they were captured, the smuggling ships and cargo were sold by the Northern government, and the proceeds went to the federal sailors, and the British sailors were released.

At this time, the Americans really did not dare to offend the British, which was equivalent to acquiescing in this kind of smuggling, and Lincoln was most worried about the interference of European countries, specifically the interference of the two major hooligans of Britain and France, so even if he caught the smuggled British ship, he did not dare to sentence the British businessman, who was as bold as Lin Zexu, and directly arrested the opium merchant to the cell.

But the blockade in the north had an effect, and the shortage of food and other supplies in the south even caused riots and prices of all kinds soared wildly.

Later, the U.S. government used its control of cultural discourse to desperately promote the war as a war to free black slaves in World War II, but just after the first Battle of the Bull River that ended in July last year, in order to prevent more slave states from seceding from the Union, the U.S. Congress passed a statement claiming that the war was to preserve the Union and not to end slavery.

The South, on the other hand, has always insisted that this is a war between countries, and they have been defeated and annexed, and the flag of the Confederate has even been hoisted in some states since 2000.

Zhu Jinglun did not care about the causes, results, and justice of this battle, and the experts and scholars who debated it were like carp crossing the river, and they were full of professional treatises, but Zhu Jinglun did not care about these, he only knew that with the strength of the Southern Army, he was making more and more money. (To be continued.) )