Section 245 Napoleon (1)

Zhou Lang felt that the Russians were really crazy.

When China was pressuring, they dared to really join the anti-French alliance and provide 100,000 troops (150,000 in history), and Zhou Lang once again felt that China seemed to be underestimated.

Zhou Lang also felt that Napoleon was also crazy.

Having lost a large number of veterans, he did not try to use diplomatic and political means to stabilize the situation first, but still used force to intimidate his allies.

In fact, the main reason is that the source of information is cut off, so that the news from Europe is not smooth, Zhou Lang does not know many details at all, if he knew, he would think that the Russians and the French are even more crazy.

In fact, there are wise people in Russia, and the Russian commander Kutuzov, who commanded the Russian army to repel Napoleon, was very sensible, and after repelling Napoleon, what he suggested to the emperor was not to continue to fight France, but to use the opportunity to defeat France and sign a peace treaty with France.

Although Napoleon's 500,000-strong army was defeated, the Russian army also lost two-thirds, and the Russians could not bear the battle in the ice and snow. After signing a peace treaty with France, it would be wisest to restore peace with China. But the Tsar's eyes were already on Paris, the city that fascinated everyone, and he wanted to be the conqueror of Paris. The Russians revered the center of Western civilization for hundreds of years, and now that he has it at his fingertips, how could he give it up.

So he left Kutuzov in Russia, and led the army to the west, so that Kutuzov could defeat the barbarians in the east, just as before Napoleon's attack, he also asked Kutuzov to defeat the Ottoman Empire.

So the Russians had hoped to avoid a war that did not match their own national strength, but where did Russia get 10 million pounds of aid from Britain, the British were so generous, because there was really no way, Russia did not participate, and other countries simply did not have the courage to confront Napoleon, so Britain was rare and generous, but stipulated that the aid to Russia could only be purchased from Britain, so Britain sold Russia 100,000 brown basses at one time, as well as a large number of clothing. This money was not enough for the British army, but it was enough for the Tsar to equip his rudimentary serf soldiers.

Under the pressure of the Russians, Prussia was the first to stand up for the anti-French alliance and called on all German private capital to unite against France.

Napoleon had the opportunity to keep Prussia neutral, and even continue to ally with him, but he chose the wrong way, not to show favor to Prussia, but to continue to threaten the other side.

Napoleon fled from Russia and returned home not as badly as he thought, he lost more than half a million troops, but the problem was that half of them were servant armies from other European countries, including the Prussian army, the Austrian army, and the army of the Rhine League, and even the Dutch and Italians.

The real French army is only about 200,000, so can't France afford to lose such a small number of troops?

So one defeat was not enough to strike a blow at Napoleon's empire.

But at this time, Prussia and other countries began to make small moves.

First of all, Prussia, which was also in a hurry. Like Russia, they were an agrarian country, dependent on the export of agricultural products to England, whose agriculture could not meet their needs, and most of the land was used by the nobility to raise sheep, and seventy percent of the grain needed to be imported from the European continent.

However, Napoleon's blockade prevented Prussia's grain from exporting, and France raised tariffs to prevent Prussian grain from being exported to France, with the result that Prussia's economy was in even worse decline than Russia's. When Napoleon's army entered Prussia, the Prussians rejoiced, hoping that Napoleon would bring them a new system and abolish the yoke imposed on them by the nobility, as he had done in France.

But Napoleon did not, and Napoleon harmed the interests of every Prussian, making life extremely difficult for the Prussians. Under these circumstances, Napoleon was defeated by Russia, and a strong wave of anti-French was set off among the Prussian people.

Napoleon had his own peculiar understanding of the German nation, and he believed that "Germany had neither a vast colony like the Americas, nor a sea, nor an innumerable fortress, nor a large number of Englishmen like Spain, so there was nothing to worry about." Although the Germans were as lazy, lazy, superstitious as the Spaniards, and full of monks, none of this was a cause for concern. It is a submissive, sensible, calm and patient people who will stay away from any illegal activity. Not a single one of our servicemen was murdered in Germany during the war, and what could be terrible about such a nation! ”

Napoleon did not see danger in the highly submissive character of the German nation, but felt that they were an easily controlled people.

It is believed that the Germans are emotionally monarchists, and that as long as they control the German monarch, they control the German people.

This method is generally feasible, but he ignores the fact that the German nation, especially the highly militaristic Prussians, is no longer the same as before, and that Napoleon used to fight dynastic wars, and the Prussians thought that it was the war of their aristocracy, but that Napoleon was a hero who smashed the shackles of the aristocracy and welcomed Napoleon. But because of the economic policies implemented by Napoleon for so many years, which were only beneficial to France and not to the benefit of the allies, resentment accumulated in the hearts of every Prussian.

In this case, the king who controls the opposing side, maybe it will work, maybe the Prussians will overthrow their king.

If Napoleon had been militarily strong enough to help the Prussian king maintain his rule, he would have been able to continue to control the Prussians, but the problem was that his military power had been greatly hit, and he had no interest in helping his allies maintain their rule, he only wanted to put pressure on his allies and continue to use threats to control them.

At this time, Napoleon returned to France, and the remnants of the army in Russia were still retreating, first Commander Murat, Napoleon was not worried about Murat, and sent his ex-wife's son Prince Eugène to command, asking Prince Eugène to block the Russian army on the Vistula River and prevent the Russians from entering Central Europe.

But what Murat couldn't do, how could Napoleon, a cheap son, do. Under the blows of the Russian army, the French Prince Eugène was routed step by step and was pursued all the way to the Prussian border.

At this time, Prussia was still playing the role of a loyal ally of France, but they did not dare to offend Russia, so the Prussian general York took it upon himself to conclude a treaty with neighboring Russia, declaring that his troops would withdraw from the war and abide by neutrality.

As a wise self-preservation, it should be understood, but Napoleon was very harsh, and he used it to stir up the national sentiment in France, and blame Prussia for all his defeats, and he summoned the Prussian ambassador and said, "The French people, only obey, and if necessary, I will arm the women too!"

and asked the Rhine League, also a member of the German Confederation, to finance him. Write a letter to intimidate the princes of the Rhine League: he would not have needed their help at all if it had not been for York's reneging on the Covenant and forcing his army to retreat.

These alliances of the German states of Baden, Hesse, Klevé, Berzen, Württemberg, and Bavaria were at once frightened, fearing that Prussia's actions would make the French king angry with them, and immediately professed their loyalty and solicited military donations from Napoleon. He also flattered that "it is a happy thing to be able to provide the emperor with the opportunity to win new glory."

Prussia was also frightened, fearing that Napoleon would invade them again. The Prussian king removed York, who had acted "on his own", and assured the emperor of loyalty to the alliance, but at the same time secretly sent a message to the Tsar and personally went to Breslau, Poland, to explain to the Tsar that Prussia would not be an enemy of Russia.

If Napoleon could just get off the donkey, forgive the frightened and timid king, and forgive Prussia if he promised not to let the Russian army cross the border, there would be room for things to turn around. Because the Prussians were so afraid of him, they lost half of their country by Napoleon, and their economy withered so badly that the Prussian monarch did not dare to go to war with Napoleon at all.

But Napoleon really intended to attack Prussia.

Now Napoleon, in a critical situation and increasingly isolated, the desire for war in his early years rose again in his heart. When he is invincible, he does not seek war; After the defeat, he longed for a new victory. He needs to repair the honour that had been damaged by his defeat, and he needs to see France and his own prestige shine again as he needs to re-use force to stabilize his dynasty.

So Prussia must abandon the peace treaty with Russia, and re-side with France against Russia, France will form a new army, ask his allies to send a new army, and he will regain victory over the Russians.

So far, Napoleon did not think that the Russians would attack the door, and he still thought about counterattacking.

But his other ally, Austria, with whom he was married, could not hold on.

The Austrian Prime Minister Metternich, who urged Napoleon's marriage to the Austrian princess, hoped that France would conclude a peace treaty in London and end the state of war with England and Russia, and the Austrian Count of Bourner came to Paris to make a peace proposal to Napoleon, because Vienna now had no troops to send, but could not refuse the emperor's demands. Even the Pope, who had been imprisoned by Napoleon, proposed to sign a treaty with Russia on the banks of the Vistula River in Poland.

If Napoleon agreed, he would have had a chance to make peace with other nations when he had just retreated from France. Former French dignitary Talleyrand laughed in his public shelter: "The time has come when Emperor Napoleon will become King of France." "At this time, no one thought of forcing Napoleon to abdicate.

But Napoleon did not accept relative equality with countries like Prussia and Austria, and he wanted to be emperor, not king.

So his attitude made Prussia unbearable, and chose to side with Russia and joined the anti-French alliance.

Even if Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain had formed an anti-French alliance, Napoleon would have had a chance to win, because Austria, another great power in Europe, married France and was more optimistic about Napoleon's military talents.

But Napoleon rejected Austria.