Jiang Hao originally thought that this would change the dynasty, and he would be rich and noble for a lifetime. But what surprised him was that Li Zicheng did not hold out in Beijing for a few months, and was defeated by the combined forces of the Manchu Eight Banners and Wu Sangui at a stone, and then Li Zicheng was defeated all the way, and finally retreated to Shaanxi to hold Tongguan.

After Li Zicheng was defeated in Beijing, in April of the 17th year of Chongzhen, the Manchu Qing Dynasty sent the British prince Azig to lead troops to pursue Li Zicheng. Jiang Xuan, who knew the news of Li Zicheng's defeat and retreat, led his cronies to attack the Dashun army in the city and killed Ke Tianxiang and Zhang Tianlin, the guards of the Dashun army. Just after Jiang Hao killed the leader of the rebel army, the Qing army came to Datong on May 10, and Jiang Huang surrendered to Azig, the prince of Qing Ying, and was still entrusted with the post of chief soldier.

In July of the first year of Hongguang of the Southern Ming Dynasty, Jiang Jiu was called to Beijing, and the university scholar Ganglin was questioned by the regent Dolgon, accusing him of returning to the Qing court on the eighth day of June in the first year of Shunzhi, but in July, he used the name of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty to send it to civil and military officials, and supported the Ming Dynasty clan Zaoqiang King, which is a big crime.

However, the four surnamed slaves have their own solutions, Jiang Hao knelt on the ground and explained that the Qing army was undecided at the beginning of the entry, and had to take some expedient measures, "I didn't dare to have two hearts." Ganglin reprimanded him out of nothing, "Last winter, the King of England went west to Datong, and you had doubts." Ganglin scolded him for a long time, and finally announced: "You guy has committed a lot of crimes, but I am lenient in the Qing Dynasty, and the regent has decreed that you will be compensated for your merits and demerits, and the past will not be investigated." You are still in Datong, and you will work hard in the future."

In fact, this is the policy of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, that is, in addition to their own people, they trust the Mongols the most, and then trust the Liaodong Han people who follow them outside the pass, and they are still very wary of these new annexed troops who defect to themselves after entering the pass. Originally, Dolgon just wanted to beat Jiang Jiu so that he could work hard. But who thought that Jiang Jiu, a four-surnamed domestic slave, had a different mind.

Jiang Jiu thought that he did not need to spend a single soldier of the Qing Dynasty, and gave the Datong region to the Qing court, and then defeated the Dashun army in Yulin, Shaanxi. He was angry, but he had to give in, and the seeds of dissatisfaction sprouted in Jiang Jiu's heart. In the following years, the Qing court used troops in southern Shaanxi and Sichuan, and repeatedly requisitioned and sent manpower and material resources from Shanxi, which increased the burden on the officials and the people, which made Jiang Huang, who regarded Shanxi as a forbidden body, very dissatisfied.

After Jiang Huang surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, although he was still entrusted with the position of chief soldier, the military power was in the hands of the Qing general Wu Weihua, and the British Prince Azig was in charge. The Qing court always ignored Jiang Hao, and Jiang Huang still had no power. Prince Azig was the twelfth son of Nurhachi, who sat in Datong, and under the pretext that the Han people in Datong refused to shave their hair and comb their braids, he killed innocents indiscriminately, which was unkind to the officials. Just when Jiang Huang's dissatisfaction reached its peak, the news of the anti-Qing upsurge in the south reached Shanxi, at this time Azig was idle by Dolgon in Beijing, Wu Weihua and other Manchu and Han Eight Banners were transferred to the south to quell the rebellion, and Shanxi became Jiang Huang's world, so Jiang Huang raised the banner of rebellion in Datong, Shanxi in September of the first year of Shenwu, and betrayed his master again. Jiang Hao announced that he would be easy to serve and keep his hair, call himself a general, and declare his allegiance to Emperor Shenwu of the Southern Ming Dynasty.

Of course, it is not that Jiang Jiu is far-sighted to be loyal to Zhu Hongsan, but he is far away in Shanxi, but he is loyal to Zhu Hongsan in Jiangxi and Fujian, and he doesn't know that there is a Yongli Emperor in Guangxi. However, Jiang Hao made a mistake and was loyal to Zhu Hongsan, which brought a lot of assistance to Jiang Hao. Zhu Hongsan in Guangdong even gave weapons to the bandits in Shandong, not to mention a big warlord like Jiang Jiu who occupied a large area of land. In October, after Zhu Hongsan in Guangdong received the news that Jiang Liang was loyal to him, he immediately issued an order to crown Jiang Huang as the acting king, and the world town of Shanxi. The ministers in the court objected to this order, and it was no longer appropriate for Jin Shenghuan and Li Chengdong to be crowned as the kings of the county, but there was no way to do it in wartime, and this time they got a prince again, and they still talked about the law of the country?

However, Zhu Hongsan didn't pay attention to these stinky old nine at all, and directly issued a decree to personally appoint Jiang Jiu as the acting king. You must know that Shanxi is 108,000 miles away from Guangdong, and if you want people to be stabbed and not give benefits, Zhu Hongsan can't do this kind of thing. At the same time as the king, Zhu Hongsan ordered the Jinyi guards in the north to do their best to help Jiang Xuan, and he must let the nail behind the Manchu Qing Dynasty play a more role.

Jiang Huang received the reward and assistance from Emperor Shenwu to live up to expectations, and at this time, the northern hinterland occupied by the Manchu Qing Dynasty was empty, which was a good time for Jiang Huang to develop. In less than two months, almost all of Shanxi's provinces, except for the provincial capital Taiyuan and a few cities, were occupied by Jiang Huang, and Shanxi's anti-Qing and Mingming movement quickly spread to Shaanxi and other northwest regions.

From the geographical point of view, Shanxi is close to Kifu, and the sudden change in the situation poses a great threat to the ruling center of the Manchurian aristocracy. However, Shanxi was quite far from the area controlled by the Southern Ming Dynasty, and it was cut off by the Manchu Qing Dynasty, so it was naturally difficult for the two sides to communicate with each other. Many historical books of the Southern Ming Dynasty do not talk about the anti-Qing and Ming restoration movements in Jin, Shaanxi and other places represented by Jiang Huang, or only pass by when talking about the background of the times, and the "history of the Southern Ming Dynasty" in their minds is the authentic history of the Ming forces in the south. However, looking at the overall situation, the movement of the restoration of the Ming Dynasty in the early Qing Dynasty could not be limited to the south, and the anti-Qing movement led by Jiang Hao and others was by no means an ordinary mutiny or rebellion, but a large-scale contest between the northern forces of the Ming restoration and the Qing Dynasty.

After the Jiang Jiu uprising, the Manchu Qing Dynasty initially tried to solve the problem by adopting a policy of appeasement. Dolgon, who had killed his biggest competitor Hauge and proclaimed himself regent of the Imperial Father, now wanted to persuade Jiang Jiu to change his mind as supreme ruler. On the 10th day of the first month of December, Dolgon sent an envoy to explain to Jiang Huang, deliberately saying that Jiang Huang's rebellion against the Qing Dynasty was just a misunderstanding of the Qing court's intentions, giving Jiang Huang the opportunity to step down, and then announcing that if he could repent and return to sincerity, he would still "continue to be gracious as before". However, Dolgon, who was not familiar with the hierarchical struggle, did not know that the root cause of Jiang Jiu's anti-Qing movement was the contradiction between the Manchu and Han peoples. Jiang Jiu had already been suspicious of the Qing court before the incident, and after the rebellion against the Qing Dynasty, trying to return to obedience was like being overwhelmed, and the future was even more unthinkable, so he ignored Dorgon's appeasement.

In history, every emerging dynasty has had a process of military prosperity to decline, and the Qing Dynasty was no exception. It's just that the Qing rulers regarded it as a succession of the army vying for the world and consolidating the world came particularly quickly. From the first year of Shunzhi to the fourth year, the invincible scene of the Eight Banners of Manchuria was like a flash in the pan and never appeared again.

There are objective reasons why the strength of the Manchurian Eight Banners has declined rapidly, and it is difficult to continue to serve as the main force to conquer the whole country: First, the Manchurian Eight Banners came from Manchu adult men, and the Manchus were a fairly small population at that time, and the total strength of the Qing army in the early days of entering the customs was less than 100,000, including the Han army and the Mongolian soldiers, and the Manchu soldiers who could really wear armor and go out to the war were only tens of thousands. After entering the Central Plains, the number of people killed in battle and dying of disease is likely to exceed the natural number of the population. After entering the Han residential area, they enjoyed the preferential treatment of the victors of varying degrees, and gradually developed a culture of pursuing a comfortable life, which was far less simple and courageous than before and after entering the customs. In a nutshell, there are fewer soldiers and lower morale.

Second, the leading generals in the early days of the Qing Dynasty withered due to smallpox, infatuation with women and internal rolling. After the death of Dolgon in the seventh year of Shunzhi, the long-standing and meritorious generals that the Qing Dynasty relied on to build the country no longer existed. The age of these relatives and county kings when they died was generally relatively young, and Zilharang was the longest-lived, and he only lived to be fifty-seven years old (Zhu Hong's three words: I said that it was a curse!). ）。 Even if their children inherit the title, they lack combat experience and cannot replace their father's role in galloping the field. Although there are still a number of nobles and generals below the prince and county king, they have no more heroic spirit back then.

Seeing that there was really no way to solve Jiang Huang, Dolgon could only set up heavy troops on the border of Shanxi to prevent Jiang Huang from coming out to make trouble, and wait until Duoduo eliminated the resistance forces of the Southern Ming Dynasty before turning back to deal with Jiang Huang.

When people talk about the Southern Ming Dynasty, most of them focus on the south, and they do not pay enough attention to the anti-Qing and Ming restoration movement of Jiang Hao and others. This reflects that they did not know much about the situation in the country at that time, and it is likely that they were too deeply influenced by the historical books of the Southern Ming Dynasty. Although the Yongli Imperial Court paid lip service to the restoration of Ming, the information was unknown, and it never had a far-sighted strategic plan. In addition to seeing a few records of Jiang Jiu in the historical books of the Southern Ming Dynasty, he was very reluctant to the large-scale and large-scale anti-Qing movements surging in various parts of Shanxi and Shaanxi, and he did not know anything about the dilemma of the Qing court's elite soldiers who were all transferred to Shanxi and other places with weak troops.

When the Yongli Imperial Court was at the climax of the national anti-Qing and Ming restoration movement, it only knew that the war situation in Jiangxi and Huguang was reversed, and Jin Shenghuan, Wang Deren, Li Chengdong, and He Tengjiao were killed, and they were caught in the panic of Emperor Zhang. Yongli Junchen did not understand at all what Tan Tai and He Luohui did not dare to go deep into Guangdong after stabilizing the situation in Jiangxi and withdrew their troops to the north, nor did they know why Ji'er Harang and Le Ke Dehun sent troops to Hunan with the original goal of chasing down the loyal battalion headed by Li Jin and others.

The northward retreat of the Qing army on the two routes was obviously the Qing court's attempt to strengthen the capital of Gyeonggi, and the Yongli court was immersed in the grief of the fall of Jin, Wang, Li, and He. In the past year, Zhu Youlang, Qu Shiyun, Lu Daqi and others have lived a peaceful life in the dark, and they are confined to intrigue and intrigue in the two places. It wasn't until the Qing court sent Kong Youde, Shang Kexi, and Geng Zhongming to lead the army south after eliminating Jiang Jiu, that they woke up like a dream and made a mess.

The closed eyes of the Southern Ming monarchs and ministers can be seen from this. Relying on this kind of imperial court to realize the great task of resisting the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty is tantamount to a fool's dream. On the one hand, the anti-Qing struggle of Jiang Xuan, Liu Qian, Wang Yongqiang, Yu Yin and others proved that the Qing Dynasty's rule in the north was far from being stable, and on the other hand, it proved that the combat capability of the Eight Banners of Manchuria was quite limited. From Jiangxi and Guangdong, the Yongli court was knighted and worshipped in time, and the leaders of the rebel armies in Shanxi and Shaanxi were probably from the Ming court, claiming to be generals, scholars, governors, and general soldiers. The barrier between mountains and rivers is certainly one of the reasons, but later Sun Kewang, Li Dingguo, Lu Jianguo, Zheng Chenggong and others often sent secret envoys deep into the Qing ruling area to contact the lurking righteous people in various places, and the short-sightedness of the Yongli court is really surprising in comparison.