Section 522 The Era of Military Alliances

After learning that the British had blockaded the mouth of the Río de la Plata, Huang Qiuwei in North America suddenly realized that this was the fuse for the outbreak of a war, and that there might be a war, but there was a possibility of war.

He immediately issued an order for the North American Army to be ready for battle. Once the war broke out, the United States might join the British side, and Huang immediately contacted the American consul, hoping that the United States would make its attitude clear.

The Americans relented, expressed their willingness to make peace, and negotiated a port conflict between the two countries, after which the United States announced the opening of New Orleans and the opening of the port of Houston in China.

The Chinese Imperial Court formally protested to the British, and at the same time put forward an ultimatum to blockade the Chinese ports for no reason, which meant a declaration of war and demanded that the British immediately lift the blockade.

Who knows that at this time, the British are also cowardly, making it impossible to judge the purpose of the British, or like the Black Sea, they are just testing and testing China's bottom line.

Britain and the United States retreated one after another, giving the impression that the threat of war had been lifted, but this was just the beginning.

Soon after, the United States suddenly reached an agreement with Spain, and the United States federal government paid $20 million to buy Florida land from Spain.

Spain was able to occupy the Atlantic colonies because of the protection of Britain, and British goods swept the Spanish colonies on the Atlantic side like a tidal wave.

Now that the United States has annexed Florida, it is impossible without the acquiescence of the United Kingdom. Chinese intelligence quickly confirmed the speculation that Britain had brokered the deal on its own initiative.

A few days later, the United States and Britain jointly announced that the two countries had formed a friendly alliance, a close military alliance. It stipulates that if either side of Britain and the United States goes to war with other countries in the Americas, the other side will use all its military and economic strength to help each other, and will not make peace with the localities alone.

This is clearly aimed at China, and the only countries in the Americas that may go to war with the United States are China or the United Kingdom. Britain exchanged the land of the Spaniards for the United States, which completely fell to Britain.

Britain took a bad start, and although the alliance in the Americas was unlikely to cause unrest in other regions, the already tense situation in Europe made countries uneasy.

After the internal revolution, national independence, national unity, territorial contention, regional hegemony, all kinds of intricately contradictions were entangled, after the countries experienced a revolution one after another, some established bourgeois governments forward, some strengthened the autocratic system backwards, the Balkan nations became independent from the Ottoman Empire, the German nation began to demand reunification, Austro-Prussia divided the territory of Poland occupied by Russia, and Prussia and Austria competed for hegemony within Germany.

The British at this time established a military alliance in the Americas against China.

The Prussians quickly followed, and Bismarck was now in power, and he began his diplomatic career ahead of schedule.

Two months earlier, in March, war had almost broken out between Prussia and Austria.

Before last winter, Austria ended its war with Russia, in which both countries seized large amounts of Russian land, but instead of deepening relations between the two countries, they quickly broke down.

The reason for the rupture was mainly due to the fact that Prussia was trying to establish a unified state in the German regions to the exclusion of Austria, and the unification of Germany was no longer the personal ambition of a particular monarch, but a national cry, and the unification would emerge between Prussia and Austria, which was a fact that everyone could see.

However, in terms of historical background and influence, Prussia could not match Austria, the Austrian Habsburgs were once Holy Roman Emperors, and Prussia was just a state of the Holy Roman Empire, and the two countries were divided into upper and lower levels.

After the 45 years of the European National Revolution (the historical Revolution of 1848), after the Napoleonic Wars, the establishment of the German Confederation at the Congress of Vienna has existed in name only, and Prussia has taken the opportunity to form a new alliance in history, and the Erfurt Union completely excluded Austria, which caused a strong protest from Austria, and the army marched into Hesse, Austria's ally the army of the Kingdom of Bavaria once confronted Prussia, and the Russians also supported Austria, resulting in Prussia having to submit.

In this history, because Russia took advantage of the civil strife between Prussia and Austria to seize the Polish lands of the two countries, the relations between Prussia and Austria did not break down, and Prussia did not form a German Union to exclude Austria, but continued to maintain a German Confederation in name only, with Austria as chairman and Prussia as vice chairman.

After the war against Russia, Russia, the common enemy of the two countries, suffered a heavy blow, and Prussia and Austria had no common enemy, and infighting once again became the main theme.

The idea of a united Germany formed by Prussia was not intended by the Prussian king, but from the people, from the middle strata of society, those bourgeois political forces, who wanted a united Germany, with the North German Confederation supporting Prussia and the Southern German Confederation supporting Austria.

Knowing that his influence could not compete with Austria's, the Prussian king began to accept the idea of creating a small Germany that would include the Austrian Empire. Austria, on the other hand, because of its greater influence, was the emperor of Germany in the past, so it wanted to unify all the German states into Austria, and Austria supported the Greater German plan.

Having lost the threat of Russia, the Prussian king finally began the process of unifying Germany, forming a German Confederation linked by the North German Customs Union, which announced its withdrawal from the German Confederation under the slogan of a Union state, a Union army, and a Union constitution.

This provoked an outcry from Austria, and the German states began to take sides, choosing to join the North German League or remain in the German Confederation. One of the small countries was divided, the king of Hesse was pro-Austrian, but the bourgeoisie-controlled parliament was pro-Prussian, the parliament demanded to join the Prussian-dominated German Union, and the king wanted to remain in the Austrian-led German Confederation. There was a power struggle between the parliament and the king, and the Austrian army marched into Hesse. Prussia protested, mobilized the army, and tensions fought on both sides.

This war was easy to fight, because the two countries were already at odds with each other because of the war against Russia, when Prussia occupied Krakow and Lublin, which were formerly part of Austria.

At this time, the Austrian prime minister was the minister Schwarzenberg, this person was outstanding, at the critical moment, he was supported by the Russian tsar and the French prime minister, the Prussian diplomatic front was defeated, and the strength was alone, and within the German region, the larger states supported Austria, and the number of states supporting Prussia seemed to be very large, but they were some small North German states attached to Prussia, Hanover, Hesse, Nassau, and Saxony in central Germany, and Bavaria, Baden, and Württemberg in southern Germany all supported Austria.

As a result, the Prussian king had to sign a treaty with Austria at Olmetz, announcing the dissolution of the German Confederation, the restoration of the German Confederation, and the continued recognition of Austria as the chairman of the German Confederation.

This treaty of submission to Schwarzenberg was regarded as a disgrace by Prussia and called it the shame of Olmetz!

The total loss of the diplomatic front was an important reason for Prussia's submission, and at this time King Wilhelm IV remembered Bismarck.

Where was Bismarck at this time, he was driven to Istanbul as a consul, what diplomatic communication could there be between Prussia and the Ottomans, but Bismarck, a diplomat who had already shown diplomatic talent, was put here. The reason was only that the king did not like Bismarck, thinking that Bismarck was too aggressive and dissatisfied with him on the Finnish question.

After being persecuted by Austria's humiliation this time, the king thought of Bismarck's assertion of a tough attitude towards Austria and recruited him back as foreign minister.

Bismarck first set out to break up the Austrian alliance, there was no way within Germany, Austria's influence was always greater than that of Prussia, this was determined by history, and it could not be changed in the short term. Outside of Germany, Austria's co-optation of Russia and France made Bismarck angry.

After ending the war with Russia, Schwarzenberg quickly visited Moscow, where he expressed support for the still unstable Tsar, and persuaded her that Prussia was more dangerous than Austria and allowed Russia to have a greater say in the Orthodox question in Austria.

Succeeded in winning over Russia at the Olmicz Conference, taking the side of Austria.

On the French side, it took advantage of the in-law relationship between the Bonaparte family and the Habsburgs, and supported the natural border pursued by France, promising to join France and support Austria, which would support France in obtaining Prussia's Rhine left-bank territory and adjusting the Franco-Prussian border to the Rhine.

Bismarck found that he could not do better than Schwarzenberg, neither France nor Russia could win over, because France had ambitions for the territory of the Rhine, and if Napoleon was willing to give in the end, all countries were willing to give France the west of the Rhine, but unfortunately Napoleon did not compromise and was finally defeated, and Prussia seized the industrial area west of the Rhine, and since then there has been a conflict with France.

The Rhine region is the place where the industrial revolution first began in Germany, where the Ruhr industrial area is, and where the current economic state is already called the Rhine civilization, which represents the highest industrial achievement of Prussia, and cannot be ceded to France.

Russia could not win over Poland, because it was impossible for Russia to give up Poland, but Bismarck believed that at least Russia could remain neutral, as long as Russia thought that the Austro-Prussian civil war would be beneficial to Russia. But Bismarck believed that Russia's neutrality could not remain for too long, and once the Tsarina had gained a foothold in Russia, she could not accept Prussian rule over Poland or Austria's occupation of Western Ukraine.

In the event of a civil war between Prussia and Austria, no matter who wins or loses, Russia will send troops to regain lost territory.

Therefore, Bismarck believed that the war against Austria had to be fast. It is necessary to end the fighting before France and Russia react.

The battle was a matter of the army, and Bismarck, as foreign minister, could only promise to do his job well, first of all, he had to make sure that France remained neutral after the outbreak of war, so Bismarck came to France. At this time, Bismarck learned of a new situation, that China was operating in France, and seemed to be seeking a military alliance with France.

Would an alliance between China and France be beneficial to Prussia? Bismarck paid close attention.