Yao Chang, who killed Fu Jian, was a Qiang people, the last ethnic minority of the Wuhu to establish a state in northern China. Although the founding of the country was relatively late, the history of the Qiang people's participation in the Wuhu Rebellion is long. Beginning with Yao Yizhong and by the time Yao Chang established Later Qin, the Qiang people had been active in northern China for more than half a century.

Before talking about the "war of foxes and hedgehogs", let's first learn about the Qiang people, the last ethnic minority to establish power in northern China in the "Five Hu Chaos".

Qiang, originally a general term for the nomadic tribes living in western China in ancient times, mainly included the Yellow River, Huangshui, Tao River, Datong River in present-day Gansu and Qinghai and the upper reaches of the Min River in Sichuan. According to historical records, during the Yin Shang period, Qiang was one of its "Fang States", and there were leaders who held official positions in the court. "The Book of Poetry: Ode to Shang" records: "In the past, there was a soup, since the other Qiang, don't dare not come to enjoy, don't dare not come to the king's ......", reflecting the close relationship between Guqiang and Yin Shang.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Qiang people began to have primitive agricultural production. Since then, the Qiang people have further developed and diverged, forming various Qiang tribes, and their distribution range has been further expanded with large-scale migration.

During the Han Dynasty, the Qiang people were widely distributed and had many tribes, and the central government established a local administrative system (counties, counties) in the Qiang-inhabited areas, and set up official positions such as Qiang guards and captains to manage them. At the same time, due to the internal migration of a large number of affiliated Qiang people, the Qiang people were geographically divided into Eastern Qiang and Western Qiang. The Dongqiang who entered the Central Plains lived together, intermarried, and integrated with the Han people, engaged in agricultural production, and gradually entered the feudal society. Most of the Xiqiang who did not enter the Central Plains were scattered in the northwest and southwest regions, maintaining the characteristics of the original ethnic group, and most of them were in the clan and tribal stage.

The Yao family, which established the Later Qin regime, belonged to the Nan'an Qiang people (Dongqiang), which absorbed the civilization and wisdom of the Han people, but also retained the courage and cunning of the nomadic people.

The story of Yao Yizhong and Yao Xiang will not be repeated here, Yao Chang was finally able to start a business and divide one party, which is of course the result of his own efforts, but also inherited all the hard work of his father and brother.

Yao Chang, the word Jingmao, a native of Chiting in Nan'an, a Qiang nationality, and the twenty-fourth son of Yao Yizhong. Less intelligent, more powerful and strategic, he went out with his brother Yao Xiang and often participated in the big plan. In May 357, Yao Xiang was beheaded by the former Qin general Deng Qiang during a battle in Guanzhong, and Yao Chang led his troops to surrender to the former Qin.

After Fu Jian ascended the throne, Yao Chang made many great achievements in the war of the former Qin to unify the north, and China's vast northern battlefields all left the mark of the Qiang army's conquest. Of course, Fu Jian also did not hesitate to reward, "The number of Long Xiang has never been a dummy" ("Book of Jin"), but he gave it to Yao Chang, which shows Fu Jian's respect and trust in Yao Chang. If there was no defeat in the Battle of Weishui, the two would have been able to compose a well-known story of monarchs and ministers, and there would have been no later tragedy.

However there is no if.

In April 384, Yao Chang was called the Great General, the Great Shan Yu, and the King of Wannian Qin in the Weibei region, granted amnesty to the territory, changed the Yuan Baique, and acted according to the system, and established the "Later Qin" regime. After crushing Fu Jian's conquest, the Later Qin forces grew rapidly. In July 385, Yao Chang captured Fu Jian at Wujiang Mountain and soon hanged him.

In March 386, Murong Chong of Xiyan was killed by his generals, and Murong Yong abandoned Chang'an and led 400,000 Xianbei men and women to return east. Yao Chang took the opportunity to occupy Chang'an, and soon proclaimed himself emperor in Chang'an, the founding name of the country was "Great Qin", and the Yuan was changed to "Jianchu", which was known as Later Qin in history.

In November of the same year, Fu Jian's distant clan Sun Fu Deng ascended the throne, changed the name of the year to Taichu, and inherited the mantle of the former Qin.

Fu Deng, the character is high, Di nationality, Fu Jian's distant grandson. When he was young, he was brave and strong, but he was rude and fierce, did not practice meticulously, and Fu Jian, who knew that reading since he was a child, was not the same style, so Fu Jian was also "Fu Zhiqi". When I grew up, I began to "be cautious and read books." However, he was still not reused by Fu Jian, and he was demoted to an official position for making mistakes.

After the Battle of Weishui, Guanzhong was in turmoil, and Fu Deng and his brother Fu Tongcheng defected to Mao Xing, the assassin of the former Qinhe Prefecture, and served as Sima under him. At that time, Fu Deng had grown into a person who was "not measured, so good as a strange strategy", and every time he discussed current affairs, he was to the point, but he was suppressed by his brother, but Mao Xing admired him very much, and married his youngest daughter to Fu Deng, but he did not dare to entrust him with important responsibilities because of jealousy.

After Yao Chang's rebellion, he sent his brother Yao Shuode to attack Hezhou (now Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu, located in southern Gansu), and fought a fierce battle with Mao Xing. In 386, Mao Xing was killed by the Di clan lord and faction, and before he died, he told Fu Tongcheng: "The one who can destroy Yao Shuode must be Fu Deng." ”

In July 386, Fu Deng was elected by the Di tribe to replace the new Hezhou Assassin Shi Weiping, and called the envoy Jie, the governor of Longyou, the general of the Fu army, and the Yong, Hezhou and Luoyang Gong, with the right to conquer and lead the Di tribe to resist the Later Qin general Yao Shuode.

There was already little rain in the northwest region, and it was a great drought at that time, and the people had no harvest, starvation was everywhere, and dead bodies were all over the road. Therefore, every time he went out to fight and kill the enemy, Fu Deng brought back the corpse of the enemy to eat, called it "eating cooked food", and encouraged his soldiers to say: "Go out to fight in the morning, and come back in the evening with the flesh of the full man to eat, what kind of famine is afraid!" (You wait for the court to fight, the curtain is full of meat, why worry about hunger!) The soldiers followed. Because of the human flesh to eat, the soldiers of Fu Deng are all strong and strong, with strong combat effectiveness, and they are "full and able to fight"!

After Yao Chang got the news, he hurriedly ordered Yao Shuode to withdraw his troops, "If you don't withdraw, your army will be eaten up by Fu Deng!" ”

This is a madness that we cannot understand at this moment, but the fact is in the history books. The "two-legged sheep" finally ate on their heads, but they could not find half of the joy here. "Ambition to eat Hulu meat, laughing and thirsty for Hun blood", here is not a passionate and heroic feeling, but a tragedy and helplessness that has to be done.

After Fu Pi's death, Fu Deng was the former Qin emperor, repaired the armor, led the army to the east, and the Later Qin Emperor Yao Chang also personally led the army to attack. A wonderful war between the fox and the hedgehog begins, and the hatred between the two sides cannot be resolved and will not die.

Compared with Yao Chang, the situation faced by Fu Deng is not advantageous. The northwest region is sparsely populated, the land is barren, and there are not enough manpower, material resources, and financial resources to support Fu Deng to carry out a protracted war.

In order to motivate the soldiers, Fu Deng neutralized the statue of Fu Jian in the army, reported to the evening, and read the prayers in front of the statue, sobbing and crying, asking Fu Jian's spirit in the sky to bless him with successful revenge. The soldiers under his command were all sad and weeping, and they all engraved the word "death and rest" on their armor and weapons, indicating their determination to fight to the death with the Later Qin army and rest until death.

In each battle, Fu Deng used spears and hooks to form a large square circle of steps and cavalry, and then according to the specific situation, deployed personnel in the center to make up for the omissions, and the soldiers in the formation coordinated with each other, invincible, and repeatedly defeated the Later Qin army.

In the face of Fu Deng, who had an overwhelming advantage in the morale of the soldiers, Yao Chang adopted the policy of "avoiding if he can, hiding if he can", and always avoided the decisive battle of the main force. Although Fu Deng won many battles, he was never able to annihilate the main force of the Later Qin army, let alone achieve the purpose of nourishing the war with war. As the war continued, he suddenly found that he was facing the dilemma of exhaustion, and the soldiers even needed to pick mulberries to satisfy their hunger. Although Yao Chang's strength still exists, he has also been dragged badly because of many failures, and many powerful clans in Guanzhong have betrayed him.

It was against this background that a battle unprecedented broke out between the two sides - the War of Tears.

In October 388, Yao Chang's garrison was stable (now Jingchuan, Gansu Province, Beijing Hebei), and Fu Deng personally led more than 10,000 cavalry to surround Yao Chang's military camp, but he could not attack it. So he ordered the army to cry loudly at the Yao Chang military camp, crying until the cry soared to the sky and was sad. Yao Chang also ordered the soldiers to cry in response, and the Later Qin soldiers were overwhelming, and the crying was naturally louder, and Fu Deng failed to cry Yao Chang, so he withdrew.

Due to repeated defeats, Yao Chang believed that it must be because of Fu Jian's divine protection, so he learned from Fu Deng, and also set up a statue of Fu Jian in the army, and prayed for blessings. Since the content of the prayer can quite express Yao Chang's character, it is attached as follows:

The revenge of the ministers, the disaster of Xinping, the life of the ministers, and the crimes of the ministers. Fu Deng, His Majesty is sparse, and he still wants revenge, but dare to forget his brother? And His Majesty ordered his ministers to build a business with Longxiang, and the ministers dared to disobey it? Today is a statue of His Majesty, and His Majesty should not chase after his ministers.

Is there any shame in the world?

Fu Deng climbed the tower and looked at it from afar, and said to Yao Chang: "For the sake of the minister and the king, and the statue is beneficial?" Then he roared loudly: "Why didn't Yao Chang, the monarch thief, come out on his own?" I will fight you to the death, so as not to implicate the innocent. Yao Chang was afraid and didn't dare to respond.

Soon, the Later Qin army was still defeated repeatedly, and the number of shocks in the military camp every night was not as good as the days before the statue. Yao Chang beheaded Fu Jian like the head to send Fu Deng.

This is history, and sometimes, benevolence and righteousness are trampled on in this way and shamelessly, and all we can choose is martyrdom or surrender, and there is no other way.

Only the victor has everything and defines everything.

In March 389, Fu Deng hoarded more than the Great Realm, and led more than 10,000 light horsemen to conquer Anding Secret Fort;

In May, Fu Deng sent troops to attack Later Qin again, and the Later Qin army was defeated repeatedly. In order to redeem the defeat, Yao Chang ordered his son, Yao Chong, the general of the Chinese army, to attack Dajie, and Fu Deng's general planned to intercept Yao Chong at Anqiu (now Lingtai in Gansu), and defeated him, capturing and beheading 25,000 Qin troops.

In July, Fu Deng conquered Pingliang (now Huatingxi, Gansu).

In August, Fu Deng took Gou Touyuan (northwest of present-day Jingzhou, Gansu) and advanced to settle down.

The continuous victory made Fu Deng a little proud and underestimated the enemy, but Yao Chang took advantage of Fu Deng's paralysis and personally led 30,000 light cavalry to attack the heavy land of Fu Deng again at night. In this battle, Yao Chang conquered the Great Realm, captured the former Empress Qin Mao and the son of Fu Deng, the king of Nan'an, Fu Shang, captured dozens of famous generals, plundered more than 50,000 men and women and returned.

The captured former Qin Mao Empress is named Qiu Qing, the youngest daughter of Mao Xing, the former Qin Hezhou Thorn Shi Mao Xing. The daughter of Jiangmen, who has practiced martial arts since childhood, is skilled in bows and horses, and is not only slender and strong, but also has white skin and beautiful appearance, beautiful nature, and graceful when she is heroic. In the battle of Yao Chang's attack on the Great Realm, Queen Mao fought desperately, killing countless enemies, and finally was captured because she was outnumbered and exhausted.

It is no accident that Yao Chang was fascinated by Qiu Qing, with a beautiful appearance, a seductive figure, and a woman's softness with the heroism of a soldier. Although she was unkempt, covered in blood, and her sideburns and clothes were messy at that time, she still could not hide her unique charm, attracting and inspiring men's desire to conquer.

Yao Chang wanted to accept him as a concubine.

Queen Mao swore to death, "After my son of heaven, how can I be humiliated by thieves, why don't you kill me quickly!" ”。

Yao Chang insulted her, and after the humiliation, she was tortured naked, stripped of Queen Mao's clothes, naked, and then beheaded her in front of the whole army. Before leaving, Queen Mao looked up to the sky and cried, scolding Yao Chang: "Yao Chang has no way, he harmed the Son of Heaven (referring to Fu Jian) in the past, and now he insults the queen, the emperor and the queen of heaven, I would rather not take care of it!"

A generation of women died at the age of 21 when they were killed.

The Emperor Tianhou Tu should have been napping at that time and slept for three hundred years.

This is a turning point between Fu Deng and Yao Chang, after this battle, Fu Deng's strength and even the morale of the army have been seriously hit, and his vitality has been greatly damaged, and Yao Chang changed to win-based in the subsequent battle, and to win the hearts of the people, gradually changed the decline, defeated Fu Deng many times, and even let Fu Deng issue "I am in the same world as this Qiang, what a misfortune!" The sigh was no longer the original ambition of avenging Fu Jian, and the situation between the two sides began to reverse.

Noble is the epitaph of the noble, meanness is the pass of the mean. Perhaps, only people like Yao Chang are the adaptors of that era.

As for the so-called righteousness and morality, we can only look for it in the epitaphs of the deceased.

Although the war situation became more and more favorable to Yao Chang, Yao Chang could not wait for the day when he would destroy Fu Deng with his own hands, and in the first month of 394, Yao Chang died of illness at the age of sixty-four.

According to historical records, Yao Chang had a nightmare before his death, dreaming that Fu Jian "broke hundreds of heavenly official envoys and ghost soldiers into the camp" and led the ghost soldiers to seek revenge on him. Yao Chang was frightened in his heart, so he ran around in the palace, so the palace guards helped him stab the ghost, and accidentally stabbed him in the vital point (brother unit), "mistakenly hit Chang Yin, bleeding stone remains". After waking up from the dream, it was really swollen, the doctor stabbed it, bleeding like in a dream, and then he said nonsense: "Chenchang, the brother who killed His Majesty is not the crime of the minister, and I am willing not to be in vain." Soon after, Yao Chang died.

As the saying goes, "don't do bad things, don't be afraid of ghosts knocking on the door", Yao Chang not only hanged Fu Jian, but later pulled him out of the grave and whipped the corpse, and "stripped his clothes naked, recommended to thorns", so subtly and cruelly treated a person who had been very kind to him, which also shows his fear and guilt of Fu Jian, killing Fu Jian, which has become Yao Chang's eternal heart disease. Later, more and more bad things were done, such as beheading the statue of Fu Jian, insulting Queen Mao, etc., all of which were indiscriminate, very inauthentic, and there were more and more uneasiness in the heart, and the nightmare was a manifestation of the concentrated outbreak of uneasiness in the heart, and it was not surprising to be scared to death.

Although Fu Deng did not kill Yao Chang, Fu Jian scared him to death, which can be regarded as revenge with his own hands.

However, on the other hand, people who have done bad things and can't let go of them are much better than those who have done all the bad things and lost their conscience but can still eat, drink, sleep well, and according to Buddhism, they can still put down the butcher's knife and become a Buddha. However, in my heart, I am not willing to let such a person escape the sanction, in addition to the restoration of the legal net, there is also moral condemnation, the pressure of public opinion, and the "reflection" of the emperor and the queen, as well as the Danqing history books to return a truth to future generations.

The edict ordered the Taiwei Yao Min, the left servant of Shangshu to shoot Yin Wei, the right servant to shoot Yao Huang, the general Yao Damu, and the Shangshu Dibo to support the government, and told Yao Xing, "If you destroy this person, be careful not to accept it." You caress the flesh and bones with benevolence, receive the minister with courtesy, treat things with faith, meet the head of the Guizhou with grace, the four are prepared, I don't have to worry about it! ”

I think that's why Yao Chang is treacherous, despicable, shameless, and inferior, but still has thousands of followers!

Although it can't beat you, but it lives to the age of watching the grass grow on your grave, it can also be regarded as a way to win. After getting the news of Yao Chang's death, Fu Deng was very happy: "Yao Xing Xiao'er, watch me whip him to death!" ”

In the first month of 394, Fu Deng granted amnesty to the whole territory, led the whole army, and launched an attack on Yao Xing.

In fact, Fu Deng was not in the mood to see if the grass had grown on Yao Chang's grave! He was defeated. In April 394, due to the defeat of the battle for the water source, the former Qin soldiers died of thirst, and then the two sides abandoned the bridge and fought a decisive battle, Fu Deng was defeated, the former Qin soldiers were all scattered, and Fu Deng fled to Yongcheng alone.

Fu Guang (Fu Dengdi, left behind in Yongzhou) and Fu Chong (the crown prince, left behind in Hukong Fort) who were in charge of the remaining guards learned of Fu Deng's defeat, and the two immediately fled, and the remaining troops were all scattered. Fu Deng was homeless, so he had to pack up the remnants of the army and stationed in Pingliang Mamao Mountain.

After defeating Fu Deng, Yao Xing mourned for Yao Chang, and succeeded to the throne as the emperor, and Yao Chang was the Emperor of Wuzhao, and the temple name was Taizu.

In June, Yao Xing sent troops to Mamaoshan, and Fu Deng was defeated and killed at the age of fifty-two. After his son Fu Chong ascended the throne, he was named Emperor Gao, and the temple name was Taizong.

The wonderful war between the fox and the hedgehog ended with Yao Chang dying of illness and Fu Deng dying in battle.

The seven-year fierce battle between Yao Chang and Fu Deng also left a few terms for later generations, such as calling the camp of the main general a big camp, which is said to have started from Yao Chang, and it is recorded in the Book of Jin and the Biography of Yao Chang: When there were many camps, the name Chang Army was a big camp, and the number of the big camp began from here.

In October 394, King Wuyuan of Western Qin begged to kill Fu Chong, and Former Qin perished.