"Fifth brother, your fractionation tank is blown, watch it yourself, if someone snatches it again, I don't care. The walls of this thing are too thin, and only one succeeded in blowing all morning! ”

Gao Yu seems to be deliberately showing his skills, not only blowing, but also being special-shaped. This jar actually has two layers, one layer after another, with a finger-wide gap in the middle, but it is too difficult for the upper and lower thin mouths to go straight to the inner layer.

"Earlier, we found a very interesting new item yesterday, and this jar is used to distill it." Wang Wu is one of the few boys among Hong Tao's children, who has grown tall and big under sufficient nutrition and long-term large-scale training, and is about the same height as Hong Tao at the age of fourteen, and looks very potential to become a tiger general.

It's a pity that he doesn't like to fight and kill like his sisters and sisters, but is fascinated by chemistry, and he just holds a bunch of bottles and cans when he has nothing to do, and there are never any small holes in his clothes, and his fingers are also peeling off layers of skin, but he never gets tired of it.

"Don't be busy, tell the officials what is new about this thing, and how did you get it?" Hong Tao does not interfere with the children's preferences, and does whatever they want, and it is best that everyone is different.

"From the alkali residue and acid residue of coal tar, there is not much coal tar in the city, so I want to make use of those slags. The stuff on top is brown, slimy and scented. I wondered if I could fractionate the scented stuff into a perfume so that the residue would be useful in the future. But a few of them always bullied me, saying that they would try it today, but they snatched all the bottles used for fractionation first. It's still the elder brother of the Gao family, he said that he would make me the biggest, and you can also pour hot water into it to keep warm. ”

Wang Wu doesn't look tall and big, and there are black fluff on his lips, but living in a group of sisters and sisters for a long time makes his temper a little weak, and he can't even compete with his sister who is a few years younger. It's no wonder that catching up with a sister like Wang Da can't harden her temper even if she is a boy.

"...... in coal tar acid residue Still scented? Come, the bottle official will help you hold it first, and take me to see it! "Hong Tao knows very well what can be fractionated in coal tar, but there is only one kind of fragrance in it, and that is phenolic compounds. This is an aromatic hydrocarbon cyclic compound and usually has a strong scent, or a pungent smell.

What makes Hong Tao a little nervous is that these compounds are toxic and corrosive, and they can quickly be poisoned if they are inhaled too much and come into contact with the skin, especially the respiratory tract and eyes. And there is no way to detoxify, or Hong Tao doesn't know how to detoxify at all.

"These glasses are also made by Gao Yu?" After entering the house, Hong Tao was not in a hurry, and a little pride appeared in his heart.

Several girls in the room wore masks, gloves and glasses, the first two were their own requirements, and the latter was only mentioned but not required, obviously Gao Yu's masterpiece.

The pride of these children is that they have grown up, understand the meaning of orders and are willing to obey them, and this is a change in attitude. To be a scientist is not only to be dedicated, but also to know how to protect yourself from the unknown. Otherwise, before the research is successful, the person will be gone, and it will be in vain to be talented.

"Brother Gao said that glassware can hold acid and alkali, so naturally he is not afraid of the erosion of these, and wearing a glass mirror can protect his eyes." Wang Wu also took out a pair of very simple glasses from his jacket pocket, and did not wear them himself, but handed them to Hong Tao.

"Good boy, the official is watching from afar, you put on and give the test to the official from scratch." Hong Tao patted Wang Wu's head, not daring to say that he had to stand on tiptoe, and he had to stretch his arms to get there.

Getting old, watching the children grow up day by day, Hong Tao felt a sense of powerlessness. Although it is possible to live longer than ordinary humans, the growth of children reminds them all the time.

"The eighth sister and the ninth sister have tested many times in the past two days, and found that the most isolate is produced when the alkali residue accounts for 60% and the acid residue accounts for 40%, so the ratio of 6 to 4 is tentatively determined. First, mix the alkali residue and acid residue into the bottle, stir well, and stand still at room temperature for four hours. This is the slag material prepared yesterday, and the officials can see the upper and lower layers? ”

As soon as he said that he was doing the experiment, Wang Wu was much more calm, first took out a small notebook from his jacket pocket, turned to a certain page, and demonstrated the process to Hong Tao while reading, and finally picked up a large beaker, which obviously had three layers. The top is a brown sticky object, the middle is a yellowish liquid, and the bottom is black, a bit like a cocktail.

“…… The officials at the top level may know what they are, but the middle and lower levels are not very clear, so keep doing it. ”

Hong Tao fanned the mouth of the cup with his hand, and there was indeed an indescribable fragrance. I've never done this kind of experiment, and I can't think of what it can be in my head for a while, so if you rely on the formula of decomposition, compounding, and replacement, it's better to look at the product first.

"If you heat it on an alcohol stove, it will be condensate in about half an hour. Control this temperature until it does not drip, and after half an hour of burning, another condensate will flow out of another flavor. After the crystallization of the two condensates, they are both yellow-white powders, but the taste is different, the latter one is more fragrant, but the yield is relatively small. Wang Wu is still explaining while operating, obviously he has done this test, and even the final product is available.

"What do you do with those yellowish liquids?" Hong Tao took the two small bottles handed over by Wang Wu, and there was a small layer of powder that was not too white, which was probably the two new elements they were talking about.

After smelling it, I had a rough judgment in my heart, and then I had doubts about the two layers of things. Supposedly, each layer should be something different after layering, the first layer can be fractionated, and the remaining two layers will not be completely useless. The more specific elements you know, the better it is to reverse their ingredients with a formula.

"The bottom layer is the asphalt that the officials make for the tarpaulin, and the middle layer is full of water vapor after distillation, and the remaining material will crystallize into large pieces, which have no smell but are a little bitter...... I didn't taste it first, but I tasted it two hours after the sheep licked it. Wang Wu took out a small bottle again, which was no longer powder, but more like the crystals of some kind of salt, with large particles and a little yellow.

“…… Bring some water to ......" Hong Tao also poured out a little bit and tasted it, the taste was indeed a little bitter, with a slight hint of saltiness. What is it? Can't be sure, let's take a look at its water solubility next.

"Bring some paper, go about your business, open the window." Seeing that the transparent crystals quickly dissolved in the water, Hong Tao probably had a direction.

The next step is to determine its acidity and alkalinity with the mustard reagent, and then list all the known compounds, and it is possible to deduce which substance is through the formula of decomposition, synthesis and replacement. In the absence of complete reagents, this can only be used, which is somewhat like guessing, but the range is narrower and closer to the truth.

Stone mustard reagent is an acid and alkali reagent found by Hong Tao in the mountains of Huangzhou, which grows on the sunny side of the mountain slope and should be regarded as a lichen plant. Hong Tao originally wanted to find litmus, but the locals didn't know about litmus, and found something called stone mustard according to the description of its appearance.

No matter what it is called, the leaching solution of stone mustard will turn blue and reddened when encountering alkali after dilution, which is not much helpful for acid-base strength testing, but it can accurately mark the acidity and alkalinity, which has helped Hong Tao a lot.

Before dinner, Hong Tao finally figured out the few things that could be refined in the alkali residue and acid residue left over from the fractionated coal tar. Phenolic compounds are certain, this can be determined without guessing, as for whether it is phenol or cresol, there should be both.

The low-temperature fractionation is low-grade phenol, and the high-temperature fractionation is high-grade phenol, but they are all crude phenols, and if you want to get phenol or cresol, you need to continue refining.

That kind of translucent crystal, if Hong Tao's chemistry teacher hadn't died early, it should have been sodium sulfate. This name sounds relatively unfamiliar, and it is commonly known as miscanthus salt, but what comes out of the laboratory is anhydrous miscanthus nitrate.

In the end, the black viscous substance is indeed bitumen, which is better than bitumen that is fractionated directly from petroleum. Is it useful, at present, it can only be used as a tarp production, paving is obviously not very reliable, and the output is too small.