Section 208 Jiaqing's two-handed grasp

Knowing that the Kunlun Nu State was weak, Delentai commented that it was not as good as the Hezhe tribes in Heilongjiang, and the land was fertile, which made it difficult for Jiaqing to make a decision for a while.

The destruction of the Kokand Khanate opened the way for Jiaqing to move westward, and if the Great Zhou was forced and the war was unfavorable, they still had a way to retreat westward to the land of Kokand. Now the situation of Kunlun Nu is also very attractive to Jiaqing, and if you go to Kunlun Nu Country, you don't have to worry about the threat of the Great Zhou.

It was difficult to make a decision for a while, and the time given by the Great Zhou was five years, and it was only the second year, so he had more than enough time, so he didn't need to rush for a while, so Jiaqing decided to prepare with both hands, while continuing to send people to Kunlun Nu to open up the foundation, while continuing to work hard in Yili.

This is Jiaqing, capable, but indecisive. It is a cautious and overly cautious character cultivated in the shadow of Qianlong for a long time, and later generations evaluated Jiaqing as a "mediocre son of heaven who has neither political courage nor innovative spirit, neither political talent nor courage to act as a character".

If he decides to stay in Central Asia to continue to develop, or even counterattack the Central Plains in the future, then he can't send too many forces to the Kunlun Nu State, even if it is for the sake of paralyzing the Great Zhou, he can only minimize the resources invested in the Kunlun Nu State and vigorously develop his strength in Central Asia. If he decides to move to Kunlun, he must make a desperate bet and go all out to open up the foundation of Kunlun, and not waste his strength in the direction of Central Asia.

But Jiaqing went to open up the Kunlun slave country on the one hand, and on the other hand, he had to continue to operate Ili and Andijan.

Therefore, according to Delentai's request, he quickly gathered the families of the children of the Eight Banners who went to Kunlun Nu Kingdom, which required contacting Da Zhou, because many of their families were lost in Beijing, and Da Zhou had promised that as long as their families agreed, they would not be detained.

While continuing to expand the scale, he planned to send 40,000 people at a time this year, and 5,000 people from each of the eight banners. Half of them were men and half women, half old and half young, and they brought not only the army, but also the family. And send some civil officials and craftsmen to build.

While continuing to implement the Eight Banners system in Yili, after seeing that the Eight Banners system had a strong effect in Central Asia, Jiaqing suddenly felt that the system of the ancestors was really a good system, in fact, this kind of economically backward and simple social relations area is indeed more suitable for the Eight Banners, a simple management method of integrating soldiers and the people, and as a result, the Eight Banners system, which has half a foot in the coffin, has been rejuvenated.

Referring to the management experience of the Hui Department, this system was also implemented in the Kokand Khanate, and the herdsmen of the Kokand Khanate were all divided into league banner pastoral areas, cross-border nomadism was strictly prohibited, and the capital commanders and generals were sent to manage the herdsmen, and the young and strong were transferred to form the Kokand Eight Banners.

In the territory of Ili, the Eight Banners were also thoroughly implemented, and the Mongol tribes such as Turgot, which had always been loyal to the Qing Dynasty, were organized as alliance flags, and the power of the local princes began to be reduced, and officials sent by the imperial court were directly managed. Although it has attracted dissatisfaction, there are signs of revival in the Qing Dynasty, and dissatisfaction cannot reverse the general trend.

Even those Shaanxi and Gansu villagers in Ili Tuntian also compiled eight banners, claiming to raise the flags of all the people, and a large number of villagers were quite grateful, they were really enslaved under the Manchu system for too long, and they were completely different from their domestic villagers in terms of thinking. These villagers, together with other green battalions who fled to Ili with Jiaqing from various places, were raised as the Eight Banners of the Han Dynasty and set up the capital to be under management.

So far, the entire Ili region has completed the institutionalization of the Eight Banners, which are divided into five types: the Eight Banners of Manchuria, the Eight Banners of Mongolia, the Eight Banners of the Han Dynasty, the Eight Banners of the Hui Department and the Eight Banners of Kokand.

Even the government institutions are eight banners, without the people, there is no need for the Han people's government management, all civil officials are incorporated into the eight banners, serving as flag officials at all levels, up to the capital, down to the leader, all need the management of loyal officials. These people can follow Jiaqing to Yili, although some of them behaved perversely in the later period, but after all, they are loyal, and Jiaqing misses the old feelings, of course, they can't help but give them a future.

It's just that in the past, a purely civilian official, now it has become a banner official position, not only responsible for the development of production, but also responsible for leading troops to fight, as long as it is a person under his own jurisdiction, almost everything has to be managed, household registration, land house, military registration, and litigation are all managed by one person. This is equivalent to one official for multiple purposes, which is why the system of Eight Banners is more effective in a simple society, because it reduces the management hierarchy.

The advantage of this is that the management is greatly strengthened, all Dingkou have the obligation to be a soldier, and the household registration is stricter, Jiaqing only knew at this time that the population under his rule was so small, but it was not weak, the entire Ili only had a population of more than one million, because a large number of people belonged to the defeated soldiers, so there were far more men than other populations, among the more than one million people, there were 400,000 young and strong Dingkou, more than his ancestors before entering the customs.

The original tuntian is now also distributed to the people of the Han Eight Banners, becoming their farmland, and letting them pay grain according to the mu, which makes those poor villagers from Shaanxi, Gansu and Jiaqing more grateful, and they finally have their own land. If you have land and a house, you will need a daughter-in-law.

It happened that the successive conquest of the Hui and the Kokand Khanate, which brought a large number of Ding Zhuang deaths, and the Han women could not be introduced from the Guannei. So Jiaqing ordered to recruit women who had no one to rely on in Huibu and Kokand, and then distributed them to single bannermen as wives. This kind of organized recruitment of women, and then distributed to the hands of the flag officials for unified distribution, is extremely efficient, within a few months, basically all the singles have been taken off, and they are even more grateful to Jiaqing.

At this time, the efficiency of the Eight Banners system in production is also reflected, in a complex society, the Eight Banners system is a constraint, but in the simple Ili area, it has greatly improved the management efficiency, now not only the Han Eight Banners are opening up the wasteland, the other Eight Banners have also received licenses to open up the wasteland and farming, of course, there are also continue to demarcate the pasture for grazing, in short, in the simple agricultural and animal husbandry society, the Eight Banners system has standardized production, and the productivity has been greatly improved.

Handmade production, has always been a short board, Jiaqing ordered to gather the craftsmen with craftsmanship in each banner, through the way of handling a large number of government-run workshops, the production of cloth, processing leather, mining, building weapons, the resources that the official can provide, never the individual can provide, a large number of workshops in a short period of time to open a centralized manner, manual production efficiency has also been greatly improved.

Some of the products can not only meet local demand, but can even be sold in large quantities. These workshops are under the unified management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the surplus products are also contacted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs for external sales. At this time, Jiaqing also attached great importance to trade, because he was no longer rich and lacked nothing. But there is a lack of anything, and the rigid demand for trade of nomads and maritime peoples has reversed Jiaqing's way of thinking at this time.

In addition to importing some books and daily necessities for their own use, they also used Chinese tea, silk, porcelain and medicine to make a profit from entrepot trade.

Jiaqing's implementation of this late system of slavery, the success of Central Asia, Zhou Lang's jaw dropped, through the Jin merchants to trade spy spy news back, Zhou Lang found that the local order was rapid and stable, and the people had little grievances, which made Zhou Lang, who advocated the law of free competition in commerce, began to doubt life.

But if Zhou Lang wants to imitate this system, it is obviously impossible. However, Jiaqing's effective governance of Central Asia is worth learning from, and it may be able to borrow from the Great Zhou's entry into this region in the future. However, China's social relations are far more complex than those in Central Asia, and if all administrative management is used, I am afraid that there will be big problems, as history has proven.

Moreover, the management method that Zhou Lang is now restoring and building has not encountered too many drawbacks, and it does not need major changes, but small adjustments and innovations are necessary.

At present, the management method implemented in China is basically divided into two sections, one is the civil affairs sector led by Wang Fuqian, Wang Fuqian as the prime minister, and the traditional six-ministry system is adopted below. However, in the industrial and commercial sector, it was personally managed by the emperor Zhou Lang, which was also a precedent, and the Manchu Qing Dynasty's internal affairs government was in charge of the country's customs tariff collection, mining and other lucrative departments.

Due to the precedent of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, the two plates were well combined, and neither side interfered with the other.

However, Zhou Lang has always had the intention of comprehensively reforming and conquering, Wang Fuqian's personal wishes are not important, as long as Zhou Lang feels that the time is right, he will vigorously implement it. It's just that there has always been a lack of talents and knowledge reserves to carry out reforms, and the talents he trained through schools who understand modern knowledge such as finance and accounting have always been insufficient, and there has always been a shortage of industrial and commercial institutions to fill the ever-expanding institutions, let alone reform traditional institutions.

In any case, the role of traditional institutions is to maintain stability, and Zhou Lang does not expect much from them, and this system is surprisingly effective in maintaining stability, which has been used in China for thousands of years and has been tested in practice.

Therefore, Zhou Lang will not move this system in a short time, but in some areas related to the future, reform is necessary, and the basic framework has been established after continuous exploration of industrial and commercial management methods. However, there are still shortcomings at a deeper level, the level of talent has always been a big problem hindering deep reform, and now with the arrival of the French scientific team, the conditions are basically in place, so Zhou Lang began to create a system again, and this time it inevitably entered the marginal field of traditional institutions.

This time, Zhou Lang wants to carry out a modern system reform of the traditional cold yamen Ministry of work, and no matter whether it succeeds or fails, it will have reference and exploration significance for the reform of other departments in the future.