Unlike other regimes, the Former Liang was a regime established by the Han Chinese, and its monarch existed as a vassal of the Jin state for a long, long time. Its founder, Zhang Liang, was a local official in the Western Jin Dynasty and had no objections. After the "Yongjia Rebellion", Yiguan crossed to the south, the Jin family moved south, and the land exchanges between Liangzhou and the central government of the Jin State were blocked. At that time, the situation was relatively special, there were no airplanes and radios, even hot air balloons had not been invented, and the Liangzhou area, which had been cut off from road traffic with the central government, could only develop independently.

Zhang Rail, the word Shiyan, born in 255, is a native of Anding Wu, and the seventeenth grandson of Zhang Er, King of Changshan Jing in the Western Han Dynasty. His family is known for specializing in Confucianism, and has been filial piety and honesty for generations, and has been an official every year.

In the early years of the Western Jin Dynasty, Zhang Liang inherited his uncle's grace and was an official five products, when he was ten years old.

What can a ten-year-old official do? It is impossible to deal with political affairs, but it is possible to receive money. According to my opinion, there should have been a lot of such officials at that time, and the official eunuchs all received dividends from the Jin Empire, and Sima Yan's usurpation of Wei would be supported by everyone.

However, Zhang Liang is a talent, he was smart and studious when he was young, elegant and dignified, and quite prestigious. Compared with the mediocrity of many corpses and vegetarian meals, they are also worthy of the five-grade officials.

Later, Zhang Hua, the superintendent of the Chinese book, talked to Zhang Liang, and it was the one who left a comment in the history books, "Although he was the dark lord (Emperor Hui of Jin) and the abused queen (Empress Jia), and Yan Ran in the sea, it was Zhang Hua's loyalty to Kuangfu." After Zhang Hua, the two talked about some economic and righteous knowledge, and talked about the pros and cons of current politics, and after that, Zhang Hua greatly appreciated it, thinking that those who are as talented as Zhang Rail are also excellent in the second-grade level of talents.

As a result, Zhang Liang's reputation has become more prominent, and his career has become smoother. He was awarded the title of the prince, and was later promoted to the rank of Loose Cavalry Attendant and the Military Department of the Western Expedition.

Good fame leads to good future, this is the iron law of that era, which is determined in the form of a system.

The rebellion of the eight kings, the world fell apart, out of the consideration of staying away from the land of right and wrong, Zhang Rail, who had been an official for many years, then asked the imperial court to serve as the assassin of Liangzhou.

In 301 AD, Zhang Liang served as the captain of Huqiang and the assassin of Liangzhou.

did not rebel, did not spend a single soldier, Zhang Liang carried a piece of paper, held an official seal, and had to occupy Liangzhou. This occupation is more than 70 years, and future generations rely on the blessing of Zhang Rail, in the troubled times, the territory is divided.

At the beginning of his tenure, Zhang Liang immediately crusaded against the rebellion, exterminated the bandits, respected the Jin Dynasty, and showed his prestige in Liangzhou; Set up Chongwen sacrificial wine, build schools, recruit noble children to enroll, educate in Hexi, and promote talents to enter the office; Economically, land and taxation were coordinated, agriculture was exhorted, five baht coins were reminted, and currency circulation was restored.

The implementation of a series of administrative measures has enabled Liangzhou to be under great governance, the morale of the army to be stable, and the people to work happily. Later, during the chaotic season, the Liangzhou area always maintained stability and unity, and became the only refuge for the people stranded in the north.

Of course, Zhang Liang's days in Liangzhou were not all smooth sailing, even when the power was in hand, the rebellion was eliminated, the meritorious service was outstanding, and the monopoly of Liangzhou was dominant, there were still those who wanted to subvert Zhang Liang. The matter was so serious that Zhang Liang began to pack his bags and prepare to leave, and the order of the imperial court to reappoint the assassin of Liangzhou had been written and was about to be promulgated. But Zhang Liang finally calmed down the chaos and survived the crisis safely.

Fortunately, the world was in turmoil, and the Jin Empire itself could not be protected, so it had no time to look westward; Fortunately, Zhang Liang has always controlled the military and political power in Liangzhou and has never pretended to others.

When the Western Jin Dynasty was about to fall, although Liangzhou was thousands of miles away, the team sent by Zhang Liang to rescue was correspondingly full of flags. Compared with Sima Rui, who was watching from the southeast, Zhang Liang's performance was not only a loyal minister, but he could simply shine in the annals of history. In fact, it is recorded in the annals!

In the military operation, the Liangzhou area has repeatedly sent troops to rescue Luoyang, and has defeated Wang Mi and Liu Cong, and there is a folk song of "Liangzhou Horse, rampant in the world" in Luoyang City.

In terms of material support, Zhang Liang not only presented weapons and armor and unearthed land products, but also immediately supported 500 horses and 30,000 blankets after learning of the famine in Beijing.

For those who fled to Liangzhou for refuge, Zhang Liang set up two counties of Wuxing and Jinxing to shelter and resettle.

The world has been in turmoil, and the princes of all parties have long since stopped listening to the imperial court, but the envoys who sent tribute from Liangzhou have been endless all year round.

If he was really a rebellious warlord, at that time, Zhang Liang could take the initiative to cut off contact with the central government, and then cut off his own territory to wait for the times to change. The huge manpower and material support is the best embodiment and proof of Zhang Liang's loyalty to the Jin Empire.

However, the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty could not be prevented by Zhang Liang with the power of a state, and besides, at that time, he was already old and healthy, and his life was short.

In May 314, Zhang Liang died of illness at the age of sixty.

Zhang Rail, the most peaceful person in the process of laying the foundation of the Sixteen Kingdoms.

The successor Zhang Yu, the eldest son of Zhang Rail, the word Anxun, is still a man of learning, and respects the virtuous and lovers. When he first entered the political arena, he was an official in the capital Luoyang, and in the first year of Yongjia (311), he resigned and returned to Liangzhou. After Zhang Liang's death, Zhang Yu succeeded to the throne, and the official worshiped the festival, the governor of Liangzhou Zhujun, the general of Xizhong Lang, the assassin of Liangzhou, the captain of the Qiang school, and the prince of Pingxi.

During his reign, Zhang Yu sent troops to Qinwang many times, and once entered Chang'an with 5,000 volunteers, when the people were frightened and the soldiers were scattered, only the Liangzhou volunteers did not move, and finally coexisted with the Jin Empire.

However, due to its remote location and the fall of the central government, Zhang Yu was quite arrogant and contemptuous of the Jin Empire. When Sima Rui changed the Yuan to become emperor, Zhang Yu still insisted on using the "Jianxing" era name of Emperor Jin Shu, and fornicated with Han Zhao and Later Zhao, becoming a de facto secession regime that broke away from the control of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It is known as "Qianliang" in history.

In June 320, Liu Hong, who was good at the side of the door, made a rebellion, Zhang Yu was assassinated and died, and he reigned for seven years, and was called Zhaogong.

His subordinates were still young with Zhang Jun, the son of Zhang Yu, and supported his brother Zhang Mao to succeed him.

During the reign of Zhang Liang and Zhang Yu, the Liangzhou region was politically enlightened and socially stable. The capital city of Guzang is the political, economic and cultural center of Northwest China; The Hexi Corridor is an east-west land route, with prosperous commerce and relatively developed agriculture and animal husbandry.

After the fall of the Western Jin Dynasty, a large number of inland refugees came one after another, providing abundant labor for the Liangzhou area, and spreading advanced production technology and experience, so that Liangzhou's social and economic development was more developed. At that time, Liangzhou contributed to the preservation of the traditional culture of the Han people in northern China, which was full of Huyi, and Liangzhou was also one of the earliest regions in China to accept the culture of the Western Regions.

Zhang Mao, the word Chengxun, elegant and humble, quiet and studious, the Jin court has twice recruited him into the court as an official, all of them resigned, so they left a bad reputation for worldly fame. After Zhang Yu was killed, he succeeded as the envoy, the general of Pingxi, and the pastor of Liangzhou.

The author thinks that where is the bad fame, it is clear that I dare not go! At peacetime, it was proton that went; During the war, he went to die in vain. The destruction of the Western Jin Dynasty was imminent, Zhang Yu resigned and went home, but Zhang Mao naturally did not come. Besides, there is wealth here, what is far away? Death is not left in Liangzhou.

Zhang Mao reigned for five years, and borrowed the folk song "Hand Mo Tou, Tu Liangzhou", which dealt a heavy blow to the wealthy families of Liangzhou; Conquered Longxi and Annan regions, placed Qinzhou County, and expanded the territory of Liangzhou. In addition, he also built two suites (Lingjun Terrace and Linghook Terrace), and voted once (former Zhao Liu Yao), without other contributions, and even a son was not born. In May 324, Zhang Mao died of illness, and before he died, he took the hand of his nephew Zhang Jun and explained: "Observe the festival of the people and ministers, and there is no or fall", and the name was Cheng. Since he had surrendered to Qianzhao, Liu Yao also sent an envoy to arrive, give Dazai, and become the king of Lie.

Liangzhou Mu, who had been five years late, finally returned to Zhang Jun's hands. Fortunately, my uncle doesn't have a son!

Zhang Jun, the word Gongting, is not only handsome, but also very smart, he can write articles at the age of ten, but at the age of thirteen, he still missed Liangzhou Mu because he was young. He is outstanding and uninhibited, likes to travel in micro-services, not only during the day, but also often walks the streets and alleys at night. When the Chinese people learned about it, they rushed to follow suit, and it became a custom.

It can be seen that Zhang Jun's popularity is still good, and the reputation is good, at least the people are not disgusted with him walking around at night, and the people are fierce, but there is no roadblock robbery and beating of Zhang Jun.

It is precisely under Zhang Jun's exemplary role that there are more people visiting the night market at night in Guzang City.

When Zhang Jun succeeded to the throne, the connection between the Liangzhou region and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was completely severed, and there was no way to report the situation to the imperial court and ask for a reward, but the envoy sent by the Emperor of Jin was still there. Then he sent Qin to worship Zhang Jun as the envoy, the governor, the general, the pastor of Liangzhou, the captain of the Qiang school, and the Duke of Xiping. The former Zhao Liu Yao still sent envoys to congratulate and canonized Zhang Jun as the pastor of Liangzhou and the king of Liangzhou.

For the canonization of the two parties, Zhang Jun chose to accept them all. At that time, no matter how much Zhang Jun cared about his mother country and firmly believed that orthodoxy was in the Jin Dynasty, he could not change the fact that he had lost contact with the Jin Empire for a long time. Moreover, when Liu Yaoxing's soldiers came to attack, his uncle Zhang Mao did surrender and could not deny it, and there was no need to deny it, so as not to leave people to talk about it, and even use swords again. Zhang Jun not only accepted the canonization of Former Zhao, but also sent envoys to establish friendly ties with Former Zhao.

It was not that Liangzhou betrayed the Jin State, but that the Jin State abandoned Liangzhou.

Zhang Jun's official position was not officially canonized by the Jin Empire, that is, although Zhang Jun's rule over Liangzhou actually existed, it was not recognized in legal theory.

Very anxious, from the small people in the city to the Chinese military officials of the DPRK, they all know that when the Zhang regime, which has been a Jin courtier for generations, passed into the hands of Zhang Jun, it was not officially canonized by the imperial court, and he did not even know of his existence.

The ancients had a saying: If the name is not right, the word will not go well, and if the word is not good, the thing will not be done. If someone takes the opportunity to create Zhang Jun's rebellion, the reason is very good, Zhang Jun, the unjustified Liangzhou pastor, does not occupy a righteous position.

How to contact the Eastern Jin Dynasty and obtain legal recognition and canonization has become Zhang Jun's top priority after succeeding to the throne.

At that time, Liangzhou was completely surrounded by enemy countries, and no matter which direction it went to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it would pass through the enemy-occupied area, which was full of dangers. After several trade-offs, Zhang Jun locked his eyes on the Cheng Han Empire, which occupied the land of Bashu at that time. He planned to use the Tao to become a Han Dynasty, enter the southeast from the land of Sichuan and Shu, and get in touch with the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

In order to achieve the goal, Zhang Jun befriended Li Xiong for nine years, during which he wrote personal letters to contact feelings; Sending missions for goodwill visits; In the end, Zhang Jun, who really had no choice, only got a pass on the condition of being a vassal to Li Xiong, and even so, the messenger to Jiankang was almost killed by Li Xiong Shenjiang. In 333 AD, Liangzhou finally made official contact with the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and after taking an oath of allegiance, Zhang Jun's status was recognized.

During the governance of Liangzhou, Zhang Jun made good use of people, worked diligently, vigorously developed the economy, and reduced punishment. Under his rule, the Liangzhou region became rich and strong, becoming a rare prosperous region in northern China, and the people of Liangzhou were called "King Jixian" because of their wisdom.

Militarily, Zhang Jun tried his best to expand, subjugating Qiuci and Shanshan to the west and dominating the Western Regions; To the east, there is Longxi; Taking advantage of the exchange of troops between the former and later Zhao, he captured Henan (south of the Yellow River, not now Henan). The territory has reached the extreme, the territory includes today's Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai each one, the history of its territory "south over the river, Huang, east to Qin, Long, west of the green mountains, north and Juyan".

During his reign, Later Zhao unified the Central Plains, and Zhang Jun was afraid of its strength, so he declared himself a vassal to Later Zhao Shile.

In 345, Zhang Jun proclaimed himself the governor of the capital, the general, and the fake king of Liang, and set up official positions in the name of the Eastern Jin Dynasty officials.

In May 346, Zhang Jun fell ill and died. Privately confessed to the Duke of Wen, Emperor Mu of Jin posthumously gave the nickname: Zhongcheng Gong. He was succeeded by his son Zhang Chonghua.

Zhang Chonghua, the word Tailin, Zhang Jun's second son, is a man with a generous temperament, dignified and calm. He was only sixteen years old when he succeeded to the throne, and he called himself Zhijie, the Governor of Dadu, the Taiwei, the Captain of Huqiang, the Muslim of Liangzhou, the Duke of Xiping, and the King of Fake Liang. It still uses the "Jianxing" era name of Emperor Jin Chu.

During Zhang Chonghua's reign, the most commendable thing he did was to reuse a Confucian named Xie Ai as a general. Under the attack of the Tiger and Wolf Division of Later Zhao, it was precisely because of the existence of Xie Ai that the Qianliang regime was preserved, and it also achieved the fame of a generation of Confucian generals.