Chapter 186: Design

The Son of Heaven sent the crown prince Liu Ban to announce the edict, which can be said to have given Guo Bin a great face.

The construction of Nangong is the largest order received by the construction team of Yangzhai County so far, and it is also an important turning point for the company to leap from the low-end construction industry to the high-end construction industry. Therefore, the company attaches great importance to this, in addition to a few orders under construction, leaving a few technicians to continue to guide the construction, the architectural elites of Yangzhai Construction Co., Ltd. will gather in Beijing to provide advice for the construction of the South Palace.

The construction of the palace is not trivial, and there are many aspects to consider. Not only the appearance of the palace should be majestic and solemn, fully showing the royal style, but also fire prevention, earthquake prevention, according to Guo Bin's requirements, but also have excellent heating facilities. Because Luoyang is located in the hinterland of the Central Plains, the precipitation is less than that of the coastal areas, and the winter is frighteningly cold.

Speaking of which, we have to introduce the climate conditions at this time in detail.

It can be said that the Xiaoice River period lasted throughout the Eastern Han Dynasty. The so-called Xiaoice period, as the name suggests, refers to a relatively cold period, but it is still warmer than the main ice age that destroyed a large number of animal and plant life. The "Xiaoice Age" in history has led to a significant drop in the earth's temperature, which has greatly reduced global food production, and thus caused violent social unrest and population decline.

There have been four Xiaoice periods in Chinese history, and from the materials of China's meteorological history written by Zhu Kezhen, we can know that several of the largest periods of social unrest in Chinese history are indeed closely related to the four Xiaoice periods, and are not entirely caused by the failure of government officials.

The first cold period lasted from the second year of King Mu of Zhou (1000 BC) to the eastward migration of King Ping of Eastern Zhou (770 BC), and was the first Xiaoice period in Chinese history.

The second cold period began in the first four years of the founding of Emperor Cheng of the Western Han Dynasty (29 BC), through the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty, the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the twenty years of Emperor Wen of Sui (1000 AD), which was the second Xiaoice River period.

The third cold period, from the early Northern Song Dynasty to the second year of Emperor Taizong's Yongxi reign (1192 AD), was the third Xiaoice period in Chinese history.

The fourth cold period lasted from the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Tai Group (1368 AD) to the sixth year of Guangxu of Dezong of the Qing Dynasty (1880 AD).

Specific to the Central Plains Dynasty, the sudden arrival of the Xiaoice River period will have a great impact on the economic situation of the entire society, so the political form will also undergo major changes. So, how do these effects come about?

Falling temperatures around the world can lead to global droughts. People in modern society know that global warming will cause Antarctic glaciers to melt, and everyone knows that Antarctic glaciers are not good at melting, but their impact on the entire earth may not be well understood.

The most obvious effect of melting glaciers is sea level rise, and it goes without saying that many coastal cities could be submerged as a result. Search on the Internet, the map of the world after the sea level rises, it is really shocking! If it is really according to that deduction, I am afraid that everyone will have to move to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to be safer.

Another effect that may be of less concern is that melting Antarctic glaciers affect the salinity of seawater. This is easy to understand, Antarctic glaciers are all accumulated snowfall in Antarctica, so they are all fresh water. Once this freshwater flows into the ocean, it greatly reduces the salinity of the sea near Antarctica. Many people may dismiss, what does it matter if the sea is salty or light? Can it still affect our ability to make money from drying salt?

Changes in local salinity, although not particularly impactful on the salt industry, will affect changes in ocean currents. We know that ocean currents are divided into cold currents and warm currents, and the ocean currents that move from low latitudes to high latitudes are warm currents, and vice versa are cold currents. Therefore, including the author, I have always taken it for granted that the only factor that affects ocean currents is the temperature of the sea. However, the factors that affect ocean currents, in addition to temperature, are also density.

The intrusion of a high-density fluid into a low-density fluid under the static pressure caused by the difference in gravity and density is called density flow. Let me say something about it, which means that high salinity water flows from the bottom of the sea to places with low salinity. For example, the Mediterranean Sea is evaporative, salinity, and dense, while the adjacent Atlantic Ocean is low, resulting in density flows, with the Mediterranean Sea flowing from the bottom of the strait into the Atlantic, and the surface of the Atlantic Ocean flowing into the Mediterranean Sea through the Strait of Gibraltar.

Therefore, global temperature changes can trigger global ocean current disturbances. Perhaps it is not appropriate to call it disorder, which is only a conflict with the knowledge that mankind currently possesses, not the disorder of the world, but the disorder of mankind itself. The disturbance of ocean currents can lead to global climate anomalies. The anomaly here is synonymous with the disorder described above.

Anyone with a little geographical knowledge knows that El Niño can cause droughts or floods in many parts of the world, bringing huge losses to the local economy, and El Niño is just an occasional anomalous ocean current, which warms the sea water and the temperature above the sea surface also rises, thus disrupting the normal dynamic balance of heat and water distribution.

El Niño is only manifested near the equator in the eastern Pacific Ocean, and is an anomaly of ocean currents near the equator in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, and changes in global temperature will lead to worldwide ocean current anomalies, which will cause ocean currents around the world to be different from usual, and then cause huge changes in the climate.

It can be inferred that the Xiaoice period had a great impact on the world's climate. However, not to mention the huge impact of climate anomalies caused by ocean current changes on human beings, as the most adaptable creatures in the world, although human beings will panic in the face of sudden changes, but once they adapt to the environment, we can live freely, and our ancestors are the best among them.

Let's talk specifically about the impact of the Xiaoice River on China. As the global temperature decreases, the evaporation of seawater will weaken accordingly, and the decrease in seawater evaporation will lead to a decrease in the humidity of the air on the sea surface, and with it, the amount of precipitation on land.

In a country like China, where the monsoon climate is very pronounced, drought is extremely pronounced. The root cause of the outbreak of the Yellow Turban Rebellion was the great drought in the Zhongping period. Drought leads to barren fields, reduced yields or even no harvests, and eventually leads to unrest and uprisings.

For the nomads north of the Great Wall, the most direct impact of the Xiaoice River is the word "cold". And this word "cold" is the driving force that drives the horse-riding people to go south.

On the nomadic side, drought can lead to a shortage of water and grass, which can lead to a shortage of feed for cattle, sheep and horses in winter, and a lack of feed and extreme cold can lead to a large number of livestock freezing to death. The freezing of large quantities of livestock, which is an important means of livelihood and production, will lead to the unsustainability of their economy, which will force them to plunder in the south. And when this kind of raiding became a common practice, the "threshing grass" hated by the residents of the Central Plains on the line of the Great Wall was formed.

Correspondingly, it is the annual autumn defense of the Central Plains Dynasty south of the Great Wall, every autumn, the Central Plains Dynasty will check the armaments and equipment in the arsenals of the cities in the border areas to prevent the invasion of the horse-riding people, which is the so-called "autumn defense". Therefore, the whole world is one, and nothing exists in isolation, even in the uninhabited polar regions.

When it comes to Guo Bin's design for the construction of Nangong, it is closely related to the environmental factors mentioned above and is inseparable.

The Qinling Mountains and the Huai River line cut the Chinese Empire to the waist, and the climate was clearly divided into the south and the north, and Luoyang was located in the north. The dry and cold climate makes the cold winter in the north particularly difficult, so the reconstruction of the South Palace and the issue of keeping warm are extremely important in Guo Bin's consideration.

In ancient times, the so-called large-scale construction of construction was nothing more than gathering soil to build on a high platform, and then building on a high platform with wood. Therefore, in ancient times, arson was an extremely serious crime. In the Shang Dynasty, "those who abandon ashes to the Tao cut off their hands", which means that those who throw ashes on the road should cut off their arms as punishment, because there may be sparks left in the ashes, and it is necessary to try to avoid fires; Intentional arson is a capital offense. The so-called murder and arson equate arson with murder, which shows the depth of its crime.

Due to the flammability of ancient building materials and the huge losses caused by fire, curfews were basically in place in ancient Chinese cities. At night, not only can you not go out, but you can't light lamps and fires, and the law of the Han Dynasty has the so-called "one hundred whips after a hundred drums". This attitude of not conniving at arsonists and striving to learn Chinese culture is still preserved in Japan to this day.

Because the South Palace was destroyed by fire, when it was rebuilt, its fire resistance became an important indicator.

Guo Bin already had a countermeasure to the two most important requirements, so when he held a meeting with the engineers, Guo Bin gave very constructive instructions to calm the field again. The engineers of Yangzhai Construction Co., Ltd., who have grown up for more than a year, did not expect that after studying the construction skills for a year, they and others would still be difficult to match when facing Guo Bin's vast knowledge reserves.

Regarding the problem of fire prevention, in fact, it is the best to solve, that is, to change the building materials. Wasn't the original building material all civil engineering? Isn't it flammable? Then replace it all with a reinforced concrete structure.

On the issue of keeping out the cold, Guo Bin imitated the construction method of the Forbidden City in later generations. He once saw a report about the heating of the Forbidden City in his previous life, although he did not remember accurately, the principle was deep in his mind, that is, the ground kang.

Burning kang is the traditional winter heating method of rural houses in the north, that is, the small partners living in the south, under the promotion of developed Internet technology, we also know that the heating in the houses in the northeast is the ondol. In the Forbidden City, the fire kang is built under the ground of the entire palace, which is called the ground kang.

Guo Bin will know the principle of the kang to the engineers, in fact, it is not difficult, with the experience of floor heating construction in Xicheng District, Yangzhai County, the engineers are thorough, that is, before building the palace, first build the flue, and build the kang mouth outside the palace to fill charcoal or coal.

That's not all, Guo Bin asked the walls of the palace to be double-layered, with a flue in the middle, and when the fire is lit at the mouth of the fire, the heat will flow all the way down the channel and be discharged through the exhaust holes that are carefully designed and extremely difficult to be detected. Such a double wall has the function of blocking heat, which can not only keep warm in winter, but also keep the interior cool in summer, and increase the firmness of the palace walls.

In addition, Guo Bin also creatively proposed several small designs, such as the dome. His advice to architects was to adopt the design of the dome when rebuilding the gimbal. In this way, the space appears to be larger, and the echoes are created when people speak in it, and the function of adopting the architectural method of a Western church in such a solemn and sacred place seems to be consistent.

Originally, the construction of the dome required complex mathematical calculations and mechanical foundations, and Guo Bin was also worried about the level of Yang Zhai's architects. At this time, the long-term universal compulsory education and physics education in the Fulong Villa School and Yangzhai County School came in handy, and the senior management of the construction company even found Sima Hui, who had made great achievements in studying Guo Bin's Three Laws of Mechanics, to design drawings for them.

The construction of Nangong cannot afford to be lost, and it is the façade project of Yangzhai Construction Co., Ltd. Therefore, they mobilized all the forces they could, making the construction of Nangong a concentrated display of Yangzhai County's scientific and technological strength and design level. The reconstructed Nangong is famous for its superb architectural techniques, revolutionary design ideas, imaginative design concepts and the rational application of mathematical and mechanical knowledge, leaving a strong mark in the history of architecture in China and even the world in this time and space.