After the Battle of Zhangjiakou, trade between Mongolia and Mongolia soon resumed.

The camel's bell sounded again on the desert, and the camel rider walked the old way, but he could not see the old man.

The Jin merchants had a hard time in recent years, and trade was cut off for more than half of the past 20 years, first Qianlong banned trade with Russia for eight years, and the Great Zhou raised troops within a few years of recovery. The Jin merchants encountered no less imperial court extortion, cut off trade with Russia, could not recover their debts in Mongolia, and many Jin merchants went bankrupt.

This time, the Great Zhou court announced the resumption of trade, and it was forbidden to ban shops, personnel, and goods, but anyone who went to the imperial court to apply for a license could go to trade. Many Jin merchant families started their stoves again, some with goods, and some with empty hands, wanting to see if they could collect some of the debts owed by the Mongols.

But things are not human, and the Mongols are worse than them.

The Mongols have lost their wandering nature, and are confined by policy and culture in the territory of the alliance flags, the weather on the Mongolian plateau is unpredictable, and natural disasters have come in the past, they can migrate, but the Manchus did not let them migrate, and the imperial court did not care, and would give relief. The Buddha in the temple is compassionate, if it is not for the officials to send relief, it is these Buddhas who send relief. So no one wants to leave the temple area, no one dares to leave the temple area.

In the past few years, the Qing Dynasty has suddenly collapsed, and no one has helped it, but the natural disaster has not been forgotten, and it is still frequented. There are many dead people, and the Buddhas can only chant sutras excessively, and there is no money for relief.

After the catastrophe, there were several battles one after another, most of the good men of the outer Mongolian domain followed the Qing Dynasty, and most of the good men of the inner Mongolia voted for the Great Zhou.

The Jin merchants went around and found that not to mention debt collection, in twenty years, most of the people they knew were gone. The old men died, the young boys had not grown up, and the grown men ran off to the battlefield, leaving only the women guarding the yurts.

It is very sad that a once incomparably strong nation has slipped into such a situation, and what is even more tragic is that they themselves do not know how strong they were back then, they themselves do not know how to write their own history, and they are always accustomed to letting the heroic songs of the grassland go with the wind.

One east and one west, one Qing Dynasty, and one Russia, like two iron pillars, completely limited the nomadic groups on the Eurasian steppe, the rise of the two empires, the decline of the steppe civilization, one elimination and one growth, all have a fixed number.

Now that the Qing Dynasty is gone, and there is another Great Zhou, Russia is still the same Russia, waiting for the arrival of Chinese merchants on the other side of the buying and selling city, seeing the goods, bartering. The Chinese businessmen were shoddy, and the Russian businessmen tried to deceive each other and make huge profits.

The negotiations between the Great Zhou and the Russians continued, and the Russians finally withdrew from Ili, withdrawing all their military advisers, and the remnants of the Great Qing Dynasty in Ili were completely abandoned.

The army of the Great Zhou has already gone to Ili, and I am afraid that it will not be long before the news of the escape of the Great Qing Emperor will come.

The wind on the grassland always brings all kinds of news, and the merchants only care about those that are useful to them, and I heard that the northeast has been reclaimed, and many farmers in the customs have gone to reclaim the wasteland, maybe it is a good business to transport farm tools to the northeast.

The wind on the grassland also blew the prayer flags of the Buddha, the Buddhas were as rich as ever, it turned out that what really made them rich was not the Qing court, and the court's rewards were so insignificant compared to the trickle-down offerings of the poor herdsmen.

The Buddha begged the Jin merchants to give the goods to the herdsmen on credit, saying that the imperial court was about to come to soothe the people, no matter who became the emperor of the Central Plains, he always had to come and kiss, and he always had to give rewards, and the Buddha and the Bodhisattvas were blessing the grassland people.

Yes, people have to go down, and business has to go on.

The camels of the Jin merchants stayed away from the prayer flags of the Buddha and came to Kyakhta in the wind and sand.

The Russians are always very enthusiastic, with a drunken smell of alcohol, pulling the Jin merchants they don't know, shouting old friends and old friends, and taking them to see their goods, their goods are always the same three, mink, fox skin, otter skin, and the goods of the Jin merchants are basically the same three things, cotton, tea and rhubarb.

The two sides were already very skilled in business, and the Jin merchants had to pay attention to whether the Russian merchants sewed lead into the claws of fur-bearing beasts, or secretly replaced the white fox with Mangazaya's rabbit, and sold the rabbit with a fox tail instead of the fox, etc. The Russians want to think about whether the tea is adulterated, whether the rhubarb is dry enough, and as for the cotton cloth, there is generally no big problem.

Because the price of cotton cloth purchased by Jin merchants is low, most of them are Nanjing cloth, this kind of cheap and large number of best-selling products, compared to the expensive freight, once the return can only be burned, so in the place of origin are selected, generally speaking, the quality is guaranteed, and for this reason, for a long time in the case of China and Russia restricting silver trade, Nanjing cloth has become the equivalent used by both sides to measure the price.

The difference is that the Jin merchants came to find this time that the imperial court had released the ban on silver and allowed silver to circulate freely at the port, but everyone was not used to carrying cash and silver, and the road was not very safe, so even if they knew that the ban was lifted, few people brought cash in this trade, after all, for most people, they came to explore the way when they first opened trade, not to really start trading.

The Jin merchants found a new situation, tea was sold out of stock here, and the largest business of the Jin merchants in the past was not actually tea, but textiles, mainly Nanjing cloth, which often accounted for more than 60 percent; The largest cargo dealt by the Russians was furs, accounting for more than 80 percent.

Compared with less than one percent of the share of tea, but this time, the big merchants of Jin Shang transported tea according to the old rules, but it turned out to be out of stock, which means price increase and high profits. All the merchants took this message to heart and prepared to join the tea trade in the coming year.

The resumption of trade, pressure from the Chinese government, and the withdrawal of military advisers from Ili by Russia.

But is this really the main reason.

The real reason is that Russia reconciled with Britain and formally joined the anti-French alliance, and Russia put the direction of military use in the West.

The contradiction between Britain and Russia in the past few years was very nonsensical, and the reason was mainly because of a small island, a small island in the Mediterranean Sea that could not compete with Russia.

It was the First War of the French Alliance, in which Tsar Paul I of Russia led Russia into the war, and it was during the battle of Suvorov that swept through northern Italy, and finally seized the island of Malta from France, and was awarded the Grand Cross by the Knights of Malta, and was honored as Lord of the Knights of Malta.

From the point of view of legal procedures, Russia as an Orthodox Christianity has succeeded in obtaining the right to rule Catholic Malta.

I don't know if it was because Paul, the Tsar, who was considered a psychotic by the Russians, was highly proud of his achievements, or because Russia had turned its attention to the Mediterranean at this time, Paul later vigorously flaunted his exploits in the capture of Malta, and even signed an order in 1799 to add the design of the Maltese cross to the Russian coat of arms.

In 1800, the mad tsar designed another "festive coat of arms". Nine coats of arms, forty-three small coats of arms, surround the central double-headed eagle coat of arms. The entire coat of arms is the Grand Cross of Malta in the background, with the St. Andrew's Cross below, scarlet, golden tassels, a white background and black dotted drapery, three imperial crowns of the Russian Empire on top, and two standard-sized double-headed eagles on the left and right in the background, and then the archangels Michael (Mikhail) and Gabriel hold this large coat of arms. Soon after this crazy heraldic scheme was devised he was suffocated with pillows by disgruntled aristocrats in St. Petersburg. His son, Alexander, signed an order to cancel this bells and whistles of the coat of arms.

In order to prevent the penetration of Russian military force into the Mediterranean, Britain sent troops to occupy the island of Malta at the request of the Maltese people.

As a result, relations between Britain and Russia broke down, and Russia withdrew from the Second Anti-French Coalition and signed armed neutrality treaties with Sweden, Denmark, and Prussia to jointly oppose British maritime supremacy.

In the end, because of the expansion of their common enemy, Napoleon, the two countries put aside their prejudices and stood together, signed a treaty in Moscow, and fought together against France.

The Third War of the Coalition against France broke out.

Napoleon really helped China, so that Russia had to temporarily retreat from Ili, otherwise it would have to face the dilemma of fighting on two fronts.

After the withdrawal of military advisers, Ili immediately became bleak.

The Manchus, who were still breathing, had lost the confidence to resist alone, and all the confidence that continued came from the support of the Russians.

They were defeated again and again at the hands of the Great Zhou army, and without the command of the Russian officers, neither the officers nor the soldiers had any hope of victory.

It's not that they are not brave enough, it's just that they have lost their confidence again and again.

This is why Zhou Lang would rather suppress all the main forces and destroy the Russian army, not to defeat the Russians, then the Russians will win more with less, and the battle of annihilating Gou Quan will become more and more popular, and sooner or later there will be a legend that "the Russian army is not more than 10,000, and it is invincible".

When the Manchu Qing Dynasty entered the customs, the real war was driven by them Wu Sangui, and it was the green battalions that surrendered everywhere, the funny thing is that these green battalions under the command of their own officers, not only could not beat the Eight Banners, but even the peasant army could not beat them, but once they cut their braids, in the case of the Manchu Eight Banners supervising the formation, whether it was the former Ming army colleagues or the peasant army, they all swept over, and it seemed that they had cut a braid, and it was immediately different.

It's all about mentality.

They were defeated by the hands of the Zhou army again and again, naturally because the hard power was indeed inferior to the other party, but the impact of the gap was not as great as in reality, and the phenomenon of almost fleeing from the wind could no longer be analyzed purely from the perspective of combat effectiveness.

But the Russian army, on which they had high hopes, won first and then lost, which dealt a great blow to their mentality, and then the Russians withdrew all their military advisers, as if they had taken the last breath in the hearts of the Manchu civil and military officials.

Everyone is desperate, gambling money, playing with women, fighting, not a little angry.

Jiaqing is also very helpless to see it, how can he be confident in himself, the situation in front of him, let him can't help but think of the experience of Emperor Yongli at the end of the Southern Ming Dynasty, when a large number of civil and military officials followed Yongli into Myanmar with their families, these people did not hesitate to give up everything, give up their beautiful wives and wives in their hometowns, and follow their own emperors, can they say that they are not loyal, they are willing to go to the barbaric Burma, can they say that they have no fighting spirit.

But any spiritual strength, he has a limit, the human heart is the most unbearable to stand the test, if you don't really accept the test, even you won't know if you are strong.

These civil and military officials who followed Jiaqing to Yili, aren't they like this, are they not loyal? Don't they have fighting spirit? They can follow the emperor to suffer, which is enough to prove his loyalty, they are in the bitter cold land of Yili, and they can still insist on Tuntian and Tunmu to try their best to tide over the difficulties, they have fighting spirit.

But now they have lost all strength, because they have lost hope. They even looked forward to the Great Zhou army calling, so that they would be relieved and would not have to live this life of no one or no ghosts.

The Great Zhou army will definitely call, whether it is Jiaqing or the ministers, they are very sure of this, but what they are waiting for is not an invincible army, but a messenger, a messenger who demands their surrender.

The envoy put forward a condition, which made Jiaqing unreasonable not to accept it.

Jiaqing was not afraid of death, he was ready to die, and even planned to kill him after listening to the messenger's words.

But the envoy's condition made Jiaqing want to die, because the other party promised that as long as Jiaqing surrendered, the Great Zhou could keep the Manchu temple.

So Jiaqing led the civil and military ministers to surrender.

The Manchu regime, which has a history of more than 100 years, perished more than 100 years ahead of schedule in this era!