Russia has not been at peace for several years.

The encirclement of two million people at the end of the war, and the suffering of the first two years after the war, will leave a scar on the nation that will never be erased.

From the year before the siege of the army, a famine began to break out in Russia, a large number of young people were drawn into the army, a large amount of land was abandoned in the countryside, and the government continued to raise taxes, many serfs could not survive the spring famine, the first year of famine was quite good, they supplemented their food by digging wild vegetables in the field and hunting, except for causing some malnutrition, most people survived.

After the siege of the army the following year, the scale of the famine was already uncontrollable, and more land was abandoned, and it was impossible for the grassy roots and bark to allow the malnourished hungry people to survive until the spring famine, and even at the beginning of winter, the famine began to starve people to death. The famine was starving people to death, and the government also dispatched manpower to rescue the besieged Russian army, which not only led to a shortage of labor, but also caused internal emptiness.

People can't live anymore, the aristocratic manor is empty, and there can only be one situation at this time, that is, the serf revolt, smashing the aristocratic manor, and robbing the wealth of the nobles, just to survive.

The disruption to production was even greater, and the Russian army quickly withdrew from the front line and began to suppress the rebellion. Serfs were slaughtered, villages and communities were turned into wastelands, or only the old and weak, women and children remained, and more people died in a rebellion than in four years of fighting.

It was easy to survive until the end of the war, and Speransky returned to power, and it was also difficult for him to end the chaos immediately, because he could not make food. The famine spread for another year, and it was only then that Speransky borrowed a large amount of money from China and then purchased food from China on a large scale to relieve the hungry people in Russia.

In addition, half of the prisoners of war who were persuaded to be released by China were also demobilized and returned to their hometowns, and the famine in Russia was not over until the first harvest was harvested. This famine, caused by natural disasters and man-made disasters, claimed the lives of more than 3 million Russians, and the tragic situation that cannot be recorded in the history books is the widespread cannibalism. In some places, human flesh was openly sold in the market. The moral level of man fell to prehistoric times.

These phenomena caused Speransky's outlook on life to quickly fall into darkness, and finally the idealistic color was completely extinguished in his twilight years.

He thought that the Chinese emperor told him that human nature is inherently evil, and the Chinese would never believe that their emperor would report such thoughts, but Speransky heard the emperor say this with his own ears, and now he believes it.

It turns out that man is also a beast!

And the most terrible of the beasts, the apex predator!

Speransky, who has been rolling in Chinese officialdom for decades, has an understanding of the darkness of human nature, he only thought that there was shamelessness, cunning and other meanness related to intelligence and morality in human nature, but he never thought that the deep human nature turned out to be animal nature!

He felt a deep fear, he didn't want to see this kind of tragedy in this life, to see the smiling faces who went to buy human flesh and could bargain, he wanted to bury this beastly nature deep behind the thick tenderness, and cover the blood with abundance forever.

Russia needs reforms! Urgent reforms are needed! Anyone who obstructs Russia's perestroika is committing the greatest heinous sin of mankind!

But his obstacle was too great, the tsar did not trust him, let him be the prime minister, just to paralyze China, the tsar's sense of honor based on fine clothes and jade food, so that he could not sign the shameful treaty of land reparations, even if his people have been reduced to a group of beasts, he is not willing to quickly make compromises, the tsar is noble, noble, brave, resolute, not afraid of power, the history books will definitely write so.

Speransky, who seeks compromise, is despicable, inferior, cowardly, reluctant, and succumbs to violence, as the history books will surely write.

But Speransky didn't care anymore. Whoever stands in his way to reform, he will get rid of whomever he is, even the Tsar.

He didn't want a coup d'état, which would be even more chaotic.

The famine is over, but the chaos is not. Speransky formed parliaments in the provinces, formed a government under the parliament, and consciously invited the liberal local forces into the government, whether they were the old aristocracy or the capitalists. He also passed the examination and appointed a large number of capable people. He quickly assembled an efficient administrative body.

Through a bourgeois government, he promoted legal reforms, drastically abolished serfdom, abolished the feudal power of the nobility over the serfs, abolished the feudal obligations of the state serfs to the state, and abolished the feudal obligations of the court serfs to the tsar.

It is conceivable that he could not have the support of the tsar. The tsar was adamant not to sign these legal documents, but Speransky didn't care, he bypassed the tsar, and he pushed the parliament to introduce a constitution that stipulated that the law could be tried for five years by executive order in the case of the tsar's veto, as long as the parliament passed.

The power struggle at the top was bloody, Speransky suffered an unknown number of assassinations, but he did not die, this assassination gave him a kind of destiny, thinking that God let him or, must have let him complete a certain mission.

The most intense assassinations in the high-level struggle have a small impact and do not affect the entire society. On the contrary, Speransky used this to defeat a large number of opposition nobles, and Russia was filled with an atmosphere of terror, and many of the great nobles chose to take refuge, and they moved to Britain, Prussia and other countries to stay away from the Russian terrorist politics.

The large number of elocated aristocrats made Western countries generally feel that Russia was going to be finished and would collapse sooner or later. Coupled with the deliberate smearing of these aristocrats and the chasing of the Western newspapers, all countries felt that Russia had entered the dark Middle Ages.

But in fact, the reform benefited the majority of the people, and the reduction of feudal obligations on the serfs was in any case in line with the trend of history.

But the revolt of the serfs continued, and the serfs opposed emancipation? This was something that Speranski would never have imagined in the past, but now he is able to deal with it calmly.

He has experienced too many things, so that he hears more different voices, people's pursuits are not all the same, people in prison pursue freedom, lowly people pursue power, rich people want freedom, poor people want wealth, what people pursue is nothing more than what they lack most.

He knew that what the serfs pursued was by no means freedom or ideals, but three meals a day, food and clothing, and no worries about food and clothing.

That's why he abolished serfdom and reduced the burden on the peasants as much as possible. But there are still all kinds of resistance, and the situation is very complicated, and some of them are unimaginable.

He distributed all the land to the peasants and abolished the power of the nobility over the peasants, but the wealth of the peasants did not improve. Some are not doing well on their own, some are due to bad luck, some are lazy, some are due to bad habits, and so on.

After the privatization of land, the peasants allocated at least two or three times more land than they used to have, in the past they first gave the landlord's land to cultivate, and then cultivated the land that was managed by the village community and distributed to each family, these shares of land had no private property rights, some places had more land, some places had less land, and in some places, there was no land at all, and the aristocratic landlords organized serf labor, and only gave food rations to the serfs, and all the original land was swallowed up by the landlords. In a country where the landlords were free to exile serfs, this kind of appropriation was all too easy. In particular, the central black soil belt could easily export grain to European regions, and the landlords were more keen to encroach on the serfs' land, thus allowing them to export more grain.

Speransky thought that when the land was evenly distributed, Russia would become a small peasant state like France, but he found that without the management of landlords, some peasants could not even meet their food rations by managing their land. Some let their own land be abandoned, and when there was nothing to eat in the spring famine, they couldn't find the nobles to borrow it. Some of them were because of alcoholism, they had food, they drank unscrupulously, the output of the land became spirits, and the family had no food to spare, and as a result, they quickly fell into embarrassment. As for the bad luck, there are all sorts of things, the ones that are too broken to cultivate, and the planted land that is trampled by startled horses overnight.

In the past, they would ask the landlord for relief, but now they have to save themselves and have to manage themselves.

In the past, there were village elders in the countryside, these elders were supported by the serfs on the one hand, and trusted by the nobility on the other, acting as the administrators of the nobility and the protectors of the peasants, but also the oppressors, the people in power, and the basis of their power was to grasp the right to redistribute the land.

The elders' prestige was rapidly declining, and they were unable to provide relief to the hungry, making them the target of the peasants who could not survive. The elders have become a vulnerable group, and in the past the serfs revolted and robbed the landlords, and now they openly began to rob these elders.

Speransky found that instead of becoming the leaders of rural society, as in China, the elder class quickly became persecuted because of the loss of power. After all, who would not offend people by doing things for landlords in the past?

Speransky chose to resolutely suppress all kinds of chaotic situations in the period of social transition, from the killing of elders, to collective food resistance, and to the attacks on government institutions, and he introduced a large number of strict laws to put an end to this situation, and exiled large numbers of peasants to the Arctic Circle. The tsar was also reluctant to sign the decree because the punishment was too severe.

Of course, the criminal cases of persecution of the old elders are often just individual cases, and the phenomenon of the elders leading the serfs to make trouble is a common phenomenon.

Speransky was convinced that the privatization of land was a general trend, but after privatization, the gap between rich and poor quickly created in the countryside. The smarter, more industrious, more flexible or more treacherous peasants, who quickly capitalized their land, became the first rich people, the kulak class.