The Japanese deference once again surprised Zhu Jinglun, the Japanese are already obedient, and Japan's sense of hierarchy is stronger than that of China. Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info

So Zhu Jinglun understood at once, when these Japanese faced Zhu Jinglun, they accepted the unequal status of the two sides from their hearts, since they thought in their hearts that Zhu Jinglun's status was higher than theirs, they didn't care about kowtow, the Japanese in this era, like the Chinese, actually didn't care much about kowtow, provided that the other party's status was higher than their own.

It is rumored that later, in the era of the Empress Dowager Cixi, the Manchu Qing sent envoys to Russia to celebrate the enthronement of the Russian Tsar kowtowed to the Tsar in public.

Zhu Jinglun asked the Japanese to sit down again.

There were five people in the group, and the people of the Satsuma clan were not there, and it was clear that the feudal lords sent by their shogunate had crowded out the self-righteous Satsuma clansmen.

President Okuma came, Vice President Sano also came, Yamataka Nobuyori and Seki Nobuki also came, apparently these people were all representing their respective countries, and Shibusawa Eiichi also came, he was a retainer of the Tokugawa family, and his status was qualified to come to meet the emperor of the Ming Dynasty.

Since he knew that these people were not on a diplomatic mission, Zhu Jinglun also chatted with them casually, and he planned to listen to the thoughts of these elites of the Meiji Restoration era.

After some conversations, I found that these Japanese people still have a very superficial understanding of the West, and their knowledge is still very immature, but they all expressed their desire to stay in the West to study, and this spirit is worth learning.

What is comfortable is that these people have a deep foundation in Sinology, although not everyone can understand Chinese, but all Chinese characters can be written, they have their own paper and pen, and directly write down what they want to say and what they want to ask on paper, which is for pen talk.

After talking to the Japanese, Zhu Jinglun felt that he was also greatly inspired, these Japanese except for Shibusawa Eiichi, all of them were Japanese samurai, including Shibusawa Eiichi Although he was born in a peasant family, he had been accepted by the Tokugawa family as a retainer, and in fact, he was already a samurai.

The difference is that the samurai imprints and cultural traditions of the other four are deeper.

Japan is also the four classes of scholars, farmers and businessmen, but their scholars are different from Chinese scholars, they are samurai, and Chinese scholars are scribes, of course, the Japanese themselves cannot give birth to this cultural tradition, their samurai culture is largely developed from the process of learning China, from the Japanese samurai, you should be able to see the figure of the Chinese scholars who combine cultural relics before the Song Dynasty.

Therefore, the samurai are the Japanese scholar class, and the difference is that in addition to reading and hyphenating, these samurai can also dance swords and swords, and the military color is heavier.

In the process of their discussion with Zhu Jinglun, they mainly reflected their knowledge, not the side of the martial arts, or their warrior culture, which itself has a humanistic culture, which is a combination of civil and military, just like the Confucian students in the era of learning the six arts.

Zhu Jinglun was inspired by a major inspiration, why Japan's Meiji Restoration succeeded, and the late Qing Dynasty's Westernization Movement failed, first of all, these samurai of the Meiji Restoration in Japan were more open and willing to learn than Li Hongzhang and other Westernists, which is spiritual, they may not have the personal ability of Li Hongzhang and others, but they are a group of people who are willing to put down their bodies and learn; Second, Japan's Meiji Restoration was in the hands of the samurai from beginning to end, and although the Meiji government abolished the samurai class, all the officials at all levels of the Meiji government were old samurai, and most of them were old samurai of the Restoration faction.

In other words, the Meiji Restoration in Japan was always in the hands of a group of elites, not in the hands of peasants, not in the hands of merchants, but still in the hands of samurai.

The participation of elites is very important during the transition of the country, and the specific reasons are not much, but the elite's experience in governing the country is an important factor, and if you look at the history of mankind, you can see how important elite participation is. It can be said that the more deeply the old elite is involved in the change, the greater the likelihood of success, the smoother the process of change, and the smaller the cost of change.

Britain from the feudal era to the era of capital, the biggest disaster was the outbreak of a parliamentary war with the king, after Cromwell's autocracy, power soon returned to the hands of the big nobles, and then they smoothly ushered in the Glorious Revolution, and then during the entire industrial revolution in Britain, no matter how big the social problems encountered, there was no turmoil, a big reason is that power is always in the hands of the elite.

But the transformation inevitably means the change of power, how did the British face the loss of power of the old aristocracy, and the power of the bourgeoisie strengthened, they produced a class, called the new aristocracy, the so-called new aristocracy, is the group of people who run the capital industry, many of them are promoted to the nobility as capitalists, but there are many aristocrats who directly founded capital enterprises, it can be said that the new aristocracy is a product of a mixture of the bourgeoisie and the old aristocracy.

The new type of capital was given the status of aristocrats, and the old aristocracy was transformed into capitalists, and in the process of transformation in Britain, it was actually promoted by these transformed power classes, so it was stable.

In the same way, there are also Junker aristocrats in Germany, Junker aristocrats directly start businesses, or entrepreneurs become Junker aristocrats, such as Krupp, because of their close integration with the military group, they also get knighthoods and are recognized by the Junker landlord class.

In the hands of the Japanese, their samurai turned around and started businesses and became zaibatsu.

So here in Daming, Zhu Jinglun felt that he seemed to have neglected this aspect before, he didn't spend any effort to help the old scholars and doctors change their identity, he always had an attitude, hoping to cultivate new vested interests, a new elite class, as for the old class, he basically forgot about it, although these old classes were not the target of attack in his impression, but at least they were the object of prevention.

Over the years, Zhu Jinglun has indeed cultivated quite a lot of vested interests, such as businessmen who have made a lot of money, but these businessmen can't compare with those scholars in terms of discourse, and they themselves seem to be used to not fighting, perhaps a kind of traditional inertia, they don't dare to fight with those scholars at all.

Since it is impossible to use the new class to suppress those old classes, then directly let the old class become the new class, even if it is only a part of it, it can disintegrate them from within.

Zhu Jinglun immediately told Chen Qiyuan his idea, and the two discussed and formulated a charter, that is, in the future, the policy should support the old class with meritorious reputation, such as those squires who had achieved fame in the old era, and the local squires who had been officials in the three generations of the family, give them special loans, and welcome them to invest in industry and commerce.

Britain has a new aristocracy, Germany has Junker landlords, and Japan has samurai chaebols, so if an industrial gentry class can be created in Daming, then Daming's industrialization may be easier to promote.

In fact, in the process of implementing the silk reeling industry, Chen Qiyuan mainly encouraged some landlords and squires to set up factories, and in the background he himself was a squire, or he was the first industrial squire mentioned by Zhu Jinglun, and in his thoughts he looked down on those mercenary businessmen and nouveau riche.

Zhu Jinglun was inspired by these Japanese people more than this, he found that the Japanese are now bringing overseas students, of course, mainly apprentices from the shogunate-run arsenals, who have come to European factories to learn technology.

However, Zhu Jinglun believes that the Japanese have taken a bigger step than himself, and he has always hired European technicians with high salaries, but he has also sent some overseas students, but mainly through the legation to various schools, mainly at the university level, and has not worked hard at the technical level.

Discuss with Chen Qiyuan, go back and select some excellent apprentices from the arsenal, and send them to the most advanced factories in Europe to study, their foundation is definitely better than the foundation of the Japanese, they don't have to go to the factory to study, they only need to practice for a period of time, and then send them to the university to learn the most advanced theoretical knowledge, and go back to become senior engineers.

In addition, it is time to select overseas students from schools at all levels, and there is not so much funding at present, so it is enough to send about 1,000 people every year.

After being inspired, Zhu Jinglun did not intend to completely imitate the Japanese, he expanded his thinking, and the Japanese are still limited to the technical level, and then they will also send students to universities. Zhu Jinglun thinks that other aspects should also be learned, such as Europe's efficient government system.

At present, the Ming government has followed Hurd's complete set of customs system, which is the most efficient in Asia, but it is not excellent in the West, it is not bad compared with the Russian government, but there is still a big gap compared with Britain and France, and the best government in the West is actually not Britain and France, even the British are very envious of the high efficiency of the Prussian government, and the civilian officials of the Prussian government with militarized colors are the most efficient group of people.

It was too late to be selected, and it just so happened that the government officials who brought them to Europe for a visit this time, they themselves were young elites in the government, and they were originally brought to study and visit, but now they are staying directly, contacting European countries, and arranging for them to enter the equivalent government departments of various countries for internships, with a specified period of at least one year, and if they themselves are willing, they can stay for a few more years. Tell them that their internship in Europe will give them seniority in Daming, and that one year will be counted as two years.

Since these officials were able to stay, there was no reason why the rest of the mission could not stay, and some of the children of the squires who had brought them to see the world also stayed, sent them to study, and gave priority to them to study in European engineering schools, and finally to work in factories.

The children of those businessmen also stayed, and entered business schools to study, and the European business accounting system, financial system, and shareholding system are all worth learning.

Tell these merchants and squires that after their studies, if they wish, they will be given positions in the government, and they will become officials in the future, and if they want to engage in industry and commerce, the government will arrange generous loans for them as capital.

I believe that these people will be happy to stay, even if those who are not willing, they will not be too resistant. (To be continued.) )