Section 526 Prussian Military Reform (2)

As soon as Bismarck took office, he went to the parliament to give a speech, and he held his head high, looking confident, like a bull, and he was in all directions.

"Germany is counting not on Prussian liberalism, but on its force! The major political problems of our time cannot be decided by empty words and majority resolutions, but must be solved with iron and blood! ”

He made his famous iron-blooded speech, but Mao did not, and this speech was famous because he was very good at embodying Bismarck's policies, but in fact it did not have any effect at all.

The parliamentary vote, in which the deputies voted 251 to 36, was rejected again for a proposal to extend the three-year term of service in the army and the extension of the reserve to five years. The king had already dissolved parliament twice, and each time the newly elected members were more opposed to military reform than the last.

But Bismarck adjourned the session, and after the resumption of the session, Bismarck addressed the parliamentarians in a speech in Prussia on the relationship between the crown and the representatives of the parliament, saying that if the parliament vetoed the bill on the funds needed for national defense, the king would order the government to tax according to the previous legal standards, and that he, as the king's chancellor, was not appointed by the parliament, and the parliament had no power to dismiss him.

Bismarck said: "The Prussian crown has not yet fulfilled its mission, and here it is not prepared to become a mere ornament to the edifice of the constitution that you have made." ”

After Bismarck finished speaking, the members of parliament of various factions made speeches one after another to express their views.

Bismarck sat down below, not bothering to listen at all, but simply took up his pen and wrote to his friend: "This is the parliament, I am writing to you, I am listening to the ...... [of the parliamentarians], listening to the extremely naΓ―ve and excited politicians giving those extremely stupid speeches,......。 These verbal wars could not have ruled Prussia well,......, these men were in some respects quite good, with some ignorance, the product of a typical German university education, and their political level was the same as ours when we were students. ”

Bismarck looked down on these parliamentarians at all, and he did not expect to convince these people, he came to the parliament solely for the purpose of carrying out the procedure, and did not intend to get the parliament to approve his proposal, otherwise he would not have stimulated these people with iron-blooded speeches, but should have lobbied for everything, let alone provoked them with royal power, and these socialist parties were not people who held the ideas of the French Revolution and were full of hatred of the royal power.

Hearing that Bismarck's proposal had also been rejected, the king asked him how he intended to carry out the reforms.

Bismarck said slyly: "Article 109 of the Constitution stipulates that the old tax rates shall be applied until the new law is passed. ”

The king nodded.

This means that before the new law is introduced, of course, it will be implemented in accordance with the old law.

Bismarck added: "The parliament relied on nothing more than Article 99 of the Constitution, which stipulates that the budget must be considered and approved by the king and the parliament. ”

The king nodded again, the tax can be collected, but the parliament does not approve the budget, how can the money be spent?

Bismarck said: "But what if the budget cannot be approved? Then there is a gap in the constitution, because the country has to spend money to function, and since the budget cannot be passed, then the government can decide for itself how to spend it. ”

The king frowned, this is a means that is clearly not in the spirit of the law, isn't it a scoundrel?

The government can receive taxes, and the money is also controlled by the government, and the parliament can only restrain the government's actions through the constitution, but the parliament cannot run the government by hand, Bismarck wants to spend money, in fact, the parliament cannot control it, but this is equivalent to the government openly violating the constitution.

"You're going to get hanged!"

The king said.

The constitution was won by the bourgeoisie in the revolution through an uprising, and they will not allow the government to violate the constitution at will, and once they know it, they will never give up.

"It's glorious to die like that!"

Bismarck replied.

"Well, let's talk about how to spend that aid, the British Foreign Secretary is ready to sign a formal treaty with us."

They have just received the news that the British Parliament has discussed and approved that they have only one demand, that is, the money must be used for the construction of the Prussian army, and Britain has the right to supervise the whereabouts of every appropriation.

The king's face was not good-looking, and Bismarck's own initiative was to agree to an alliance with England, but he accepted the appointment of the foreign secretary, and foreign policy was set by him with full authority.

But the alliance with England clearly put Prussia on the opposite side of France and China, which made the king very frightened, not for China, thousands of miles away, but for France, ruled by Napoleon's nephews and grandsons.

Prussia was still at odds with parliament for military reform, but in the Napoleonic era, France promulgated the "Conscription Law", stipulating that "all male citizens between the ages of 20 and 25 are obliged to serve in the military, and the period of active service is six years, and after the completion of active service, they are automatically transferred to the reserve." This policy allowed Napoleon to maintain an army of 500,000 to 800,000 during the 16-year war, when the total population of France was only 26 million, and now the French population is 36 million, according to this ratio, the French army can easily reach 1 million.

As for the combat effectiveness of the French army, knowing that Napoleon defeated Waterloo, whether he used new soldiers or veterans, he always won more and lost less. Such a France is daunting. As for China, there is no need to worry, as long as the Chinese can fight Prussia through Russian territory, it means that Prussia will definitely be finished. Because either China defeated Russia, or Russia allied itself with China, either way, Prussia had little ability to resist, so it was useless to worry.

At the cabinet meeting, the king did not attend, because the king's health was not very good, mainly because his mental state was not very good, and the humiliation he received at the Olmitz meeting made it difficult for the king to let go.

It was attended by the king's younger brother and also the titular king of Poland, Prince Wilhelm.

Bismarck discussed the use of British aid, and Bismarck told his cabinet ministers that the money had to be used for military purposes, and that it was not only Britain who demanded it, but that he would not agree to use it elsewhere.

Bismarck mainly wanted to hear the opinion of the War Office, but the War Office told Bismarck that because according to the previous tax system, Prussia's finances could fully support the current armament situation, and the money given by Britain was not a small amount, and it was half of Prussia's finances, which was still on the basis that Prussia's tax rate was much higher than that of Britain.

Prussia was not short of money, and Prince Wilhelm asked if it could be allocated to Poland.

Bismarck asked what Poland needed for such money.

Prince Wilhelm replied that Poland was also undergoing military reform, and that there was a huge financial gap, and if the money could be given to Poland, within three years Poland could provide 400,000 troops for the war.

For two years, Bismarck only gave Poland two years, and he demanded that Poland must arm 400,000 men within two years.

Bismarck feared that the British were giving the money too happily, unlike the way they used to be able to count every penny. Bismarck believed that the British would soon start a war in the short term, and that Prussia must end the war against Austria before Britain could start a big war, and that Prussia had no time to spare.

As a result, all this money was allocated to Poland.

And Prussia continued to tax according to the old law, and appropriations were made according to the old practice, because in Prussia's phrase, the state had to function.

He decided to put the proposal on hold with the parliament indefinitely, to go to the parliament and make a few angry speeches, to show the parliamentarians, to make them think that they were driving the head of government crazy, to make them feel that they really had power in their hands.

Then the Prussian army was still in service for three years, except that the reserve was not raised to five years, as the king had requested, but this did not make sense to Bismarck, because he did not intend to start the war after five years. Two years of reserves, enough for Bismarck.

And in two years he will also be assisted by 400,000 Polish troops, even if the Polish army is not combative, with 700,000 Prussian troops, it will be enough to solve the Austrians.

Bismarck was a man with a strong sense of national superiority, such a person had a strong national prejudice, and he looked down on the Poles.

But he didn't expect that in the end, Poland provided him with not an auxiliary army, but a main force.

Because Prince Wilhelm was very optimistic about the current military reform in Poland and proved himself in the Ottoman Empire.

Before Moltke went to the Ottoman Empire, he had already befriended Prince William and was valued by the prince.

Moltke studied surveying at a military school in Denmark. In 1828 he published his important military work "On the Outline of Military Surveying and Mapping", which was valued by the military circles and transferred to the Topographic Survey Office under the General Staff in Berlin. After that, Moltke became interested in socio-political and military history, wrote such treatises as "On the Internal Relations and Social Conditions of Poland", and began to draft documents for the Chief of the General Staff.

At that time, Prince William said to the Chief of the General Staff: "Don't underestimate this young man who is as thin as a pencil, he does have something." ”

Moltke was later able to go to Osman as an adviser with the rank of captain precisely because of his strong comprehensive ability, and the staff took a fancy to him.

But Moltke's biggest problem was that he was not qualified enough, and at the same time, his identity background was not strong enough, and it would take many years for him to slowly climb to the position of chief of the Prussian General Staff, even if he performed amazingly in the Ottoman Empire, but when he returned to Prussia, it was still impossible to suddenly get a high position.

Prince Wilhelm, who admired him, thought that it would be a complete waste of his talent to continue to mix Moltke's seniority in the Prussian staff.

He transferred Moltke to Poland, promoted him to colonel, and made Moltke his adjutant and superintendent in the General Staff, a position that was not high, but had a lot of power, because Moltke represented the king.

In Prussia, it was very difficult to reform the military, and it was constrained by the parliament and the constitution, but these problems did not exist in Poland, the Polish parliament did not yet learn how to fight the king, and the Polish constitution did not have substantial restrictions on the royal power, and Prince Wilhelm knew that he could do whatever he wanted in Poland.

And what he wanted to do was to let Moltke master the Polish army and let Moltke do everything he wanted.