One hundred and thirty-nine chapters, the poor picture dagger
Time passed in a hurry, and the governments of the nine countries quarreled for more than two months over the issue of debt distribution, but still no result came out.
Governments around the world are standing on their own stands, and the plans they have put forward are so strange that there are few reliable ones.
The debts of the previous year have not been repaid, and the debts of the next year are about to expire again, the patience of the creditors has gradually been lost, and the attitude of the representatives of Britain, France and Bulgaria has become more and more tough.
This time the European countries stood together and demanded money from them, and during the tsarist government, bonds were issued to the continent on several occasions.
Now, when it's time to repay the debt, all the creditors are at a glance, and no matter how big or small the amount is, they will have to be repaid this time.
Although it does not owe money to the governments, but it owes money to the people, even if it is for the sake of votes, the government must also make a debt collection.
Historically, these individuals were the first to be relied on, and they were unable to collect them anyway, which became one of the reasons for the collective rejection of the Russians by European countries.
It was only under Alexander III that the Russian Empire was fully accepted by the countries of Europe, and just over twenty years later, the tsarist government's century-long efforts were destroyed.
"Ladies and gentlemen, there is no way to continue such a quarrel, and after deliberation with the Executive Committee of the League of Nations, and taking into account the demands of all parties, we have decided:
Based on the factors of population, economy, and territorial area, a comprehensive assessment is carried out to fairly distribute the debts borne by all parties! British Foreign Secretary Attlee said
On the whole, there was no problem with this distribution plan, which took into account the interests of all parties and focused on suppressing Western Russia and Soviet Russia.
Demographically, Western Russia accounts for nearly half; Economically, West Russia accounted for sixty percent; In terms of territorial area, Western Russia occupies 17 percent.
Combined, it is: 1/3*1/2+60%*1/3+1/3*17%≈42%
Nicholas II still had to bear the lion's lion's liest, at least more than half of it, if it weren't for the ideological problems of Soviet Russia.
It was followed by the Russian government, which inherited nearly 21 percent of the population, 15 percent of the economy, and 58 percent of the territory of the Russian Empire.
Combined, it is: 1/3*0.21+1/3*0.15+1/3*0.58≈31%
The situation in the next East Russia was much better, they inherited 22 percent of the population, 16 percent of the economy, and 20 percent of the territory of the Russian Empire.
Taken together, it is: 1/3*0.22+1/3*0.16+1/3*0.2≈19%
Apart from these three main debtors, several other countries are not worth mentioning, such as Finland, which has a debt of 2 points.
This is calculated by the British, French and Bulgarian countries themselves, all of them are estimates, accuracy? It's a pity that in this era, many things can be estimated, and it is impossible to verify them.
It is impossible for the League of Nations to help them measure their territory at this time, let alone to help them do a census and study their economic development.
So as soon as this result comes out, the big countries are complaining, and the small countries are crying poor, don't look at the proportion of reparations at one or two points is not large, but it can't stand the high base?
The Russian Empire owed so much that even if the war reparations could be partially offset, the debt that needed to be shared by them would still not be less than 3 billion pounds.
For example, two points in Finland are 60 million pounds, and the average person is 21.42 pounds.
On the surface, it doesn't seem like this debt is high, if it is left in the developed countries, it is their three months' salary.
But in Finland at this time, it was different, which was almost two years' income for ordinary people.
What can I do? At present, the annual revenue of the Finnish government is only one million pounds at most, and even if the Finnish government wants to repay the money, this is their fiscal revenue for 60 years.
Once the interest-free loan expires and is converted into an interest-bearing loan, then they can't even pay back the interest, and there is no way for this God to come, no money is no money!
There is no doubt that the Grand Duchy of Finland took the lead in cheating, and it is still the kind that makes everyone helpless, asking for money without giving it.
"Unfortunately, it's not that we don't want to take on this debt, it's that our country is so poor that we can't even pay the interest with our government's revenue.
If we were to take on this debt, please forgive all the interest, and it is estimated that in 200 years, we will almost pay it off! Finland's representative, Paul, said with a miserable look
is really a good actor, and he blocked everything everyone wanted to say at once, people really have no money, and there is no industry in Finland that makes everyone happy, so they can't pay off debts in kind!
British Foreign Secretary Attlee, who was once confident, now feels that it is also a problem, which is a very real problem.
Due to the civil war, the economic conditions of the nine independent countries are very bad, and almost all of the national revenues cannot afford to pay interest.
If the interest is completely waived and they are allowed to repay the loan freely, it is estimated that no one is so conscious, and perhaps it is true, as the representative of Finland said, that it will almost be paid off after two hundred years.
is obviously repaying the debt, but now it looks so pitiful and has won everyone's sympathy.
"Otherwise, we should extend the maturity of the loan for a longer period of time, and then slowly repay it after the economies of various countries have recovered." Metev proposed
This very constructive suggestion was immediately rejected by the French, who told them to issue interest-free loans?
Don't look at the fact that Russia owes them the most money, in fact, the interest they can get is the least among the three countries, and the loan of more than one billion pounds is only more than 10 million pounds a year, which is really low.
"No, the banks that provide these loans may not be able to accept it, and if they fail to repay the loans in time, it is likely to trigger a financial crisis!" French Foreign Minister Geos said with a pale face
However, after glancing at the representatives of the nine countries, it seems that if it weren't for the order of the venue, they would all start to sell miserably now, and Geos would also have a headache.
The account must be recovered, otherwise the domestic consortium will never let him go, and extending the loan term is indeed a good way, but does he say it?
"Do you want the nine countries to carry out debt joint insurance and share this debt?" Geos proposed
"If that's the case, I guess we don't want to receive money, and the governments of the world pass the buck to each other, what should we do?" Metev asked rhetorically
"Do you want to forgive some of your debts?" Attlee suggested
"I can't be the master of this problem!" Geos said
"Don't look at me, Bulgarian loans are all collateral, and the Russians can't repay the loans, we don't care!" Metev said with a slight smile
The faces of the two changed, and they said that the mortgage actually has some collateral in their hands, but at this time, those who mention tariffs are talking nonsense.
To enter the Russian Empire from the Black Sea, you must first pass through Bulgaria, and no matter how the Russians collect the tariffs, Bulgaria will collect them anyway.
The current Black Sea Strait is not a free port, it is the inland sea of Bulgaria, and ships have to pay taxes as soon as they enter it.
With more taxes, the competitiveness of the products became less, and the capitalists had no interest in continuing to trade with the Russians, who had long since become the preserve of Bulgarian goods.
The customs duties that the Russians mortgaged to them, the British and French actually did not get a penny.
Bulgaria and Russia are symbolic tariffs, and Russians will go around Bulgaria when they import and export, and anyway, they will also go along the way, which is nothing more than a few more stamps, so that they can avoid the customs inspectors of Britain and France.
Now Britain and France have a little tariff revenue, except for the Baltic side, and the Black Sea side has even withdrawn the overseers sent out, one leva per ship, and the taxes received are not enough to pay salaries.
The rest of the salt tax, tobacco tax, liquor tax, and messy mortgage tax are even more embarrassing, and the Russian tax authorities are undisciplined, and the figure is outrageously low.
This situation has been going on since the outbreak of the Russian Civil War, so it's okay not to mention the collateral, but it's sad to mention it.
Attlee knew about the problem, so they had to make the first bird, and the attitude of Bulgaria was very obvious, completely indifferent.
Even if the Russians can't repay the loan, they will be even happier, how can they make blood by picking up a Ukraine for nothing?
As for the issue of the loan, the principal has already been recovered, and the Bulgarian government is willing to pay for the remaining part in exchange for the Ukrainian region.
They can't do it, now that the Russian Empire is divided into nine, those collaterals are even more unreliable, they can't send people to collect taxes themselves, right?
"Why don't we accept the compensation in kind, and see what they have and what we can take!" Attlee thought for a moment and said
"It's impossible, such a large sum of money, the Russians' industry is almost zero, why do we need so many raw materials?" Geos objected
Ordinary industrial raw materials in this era were worthless, and Britain and France had their own colonial supplies, which were not needed at all, and they could not be sold when they were taken back.
"Then they can only repay the loan in batches, give priority to repaying the bank loan, and then use the excess part to pay the debt, and the part that cannot be repaid will be delayed!" Attlee said sinisterly
Obviously, he is giving priority to ensuring the interests of the consortium, and the ordinary people who hold the bonds are equivalent to being abandoned.
"Then extend the Russians' debts, according to the previous interest, when they have money, when they will pay it back!" Grace thought for a moment and said
Metev just nodded and agreed, and the governments of this era were originally the spokesmen of interest groups, and of course they had to stand in the position of interest groups.
"Well, we have also seriously considered the issue mentioned by Mr. Paul just now, and everyone knows the actual situation of various governments.
After our deliberation and decision, we can extend part of the debt, and the specific rules will be determined below, in principle, we will take 30% of your financial income every year to repay the debt! Attlee exclaimed
"Mr. Attlee, this is too high, there is no country in the world that has a surplus of 30 percent, and we cannot afford such a high financial ratio!
And we have a meaningful debt distribution ratio, which is already beyond the scope of debt we should be able to bear, and beyond our ability to bear!
Know that many of the loans of the former Russian Empire were secured, and we can sell these collaterals and reduce our debts! Vasilyevich said seriously
"This ratio is our comprehensive factors, comprehensive consideration, you have opinions can be reserved, as for wanting to sell the collateral to reduce debt, this issue can be carried out later, this is not a contradiction!" Attlee said with a gloomy face
Comments? There will be opinions on any kind of distribution plan, and now the distribution plan given by the League of Nations has taken into account the interests of all parties as much as possible.
If you still want to find a thorn, that is, you are deliberately looking for trouble, not giving everyone face, and you must give a lesson.
It can be said that the representatives of Soviet Russia were wrong from the beginning, neither the British, nor the French, nor Bulgarians considered everyone to be equal.
The status of the great powers and ordinary countries is not equal, and once they cross that line, they will suffer.
On the contrary, the approach of the representative of Finland is more acceptable, and he directly puts himself in a very low position, and everyone can give them a little preferential treatment out of sympathy for the weak.
Of course, this preferential treatment is mainly for political show, not that they are really sympathetic, but not to the detriment of their interests.
Boris was instructed by Ferdinand, and it was only the beginning of crying and selling misery in the League of Nations, and then the Finnish representatives and the media cried and sold miserably.
Only by moving the citizens of London can we move the London government and make them raise their noble hands.
Then you have to go around the European countries to win sympathy, and everyone will open up.
This method can be used by small countries, which have little debt in the first place, and governments are still happy to put on a show.
Then he took the opportunity to sell Finland's special paper and wood products to pay off his debts, and at the same time repaid the debts, he also opened up the sales channels for domestic products.
Even Paul, the diplomatic representative, was actually an actor, a talent that Boris had poached from the Bulgarian film industry.
So from the beginning, Paul was reciting lines, as long as he showed the misery of Finland.
There is no need for him to repay his debts, and there is no need for him to come forward and fight with others. Just keep your posture low and be more sincere.
The debt of the Grand Duchy of Finland must be repaid, and not a penny will be repaid, the only problem is that there is no money now, and it really cannot be repaid.
This direct refusal was much more clever, at least the major creditors were satisfied with the attitude of the Finns, and did not mean to make things difficult for them.
"Mr. Attlee, as far as I know, there is a secret agreement between Bulgaria and Russia that if the Russian Empire has no money to pay its debts, it can sell the Ukrainian region to Bulgaria for 30 billion leva, including a mortgage of 10 billion leva.
Now that the Russian Empire has dissolved, the treaty is also valid, and all nine of us are heirs to the Russian Empire, and now we have the right to sell the Ukrainian regions.
Mr. Metyev, what I said is not true! Vasilyevich said reasonably
"That's right, there is a mortgage treaty between Bulgaria and Russia on the Ukrainian region." Metyev replied
This is an open secret, and many people know about it, so Metev naturally doesn't need to lie. Besides, it's a good thing that you can buy Ukrainian regions!
Don't look at 30 billion leva a lot, after deducting the mortgage of 10 billion leva, and the debts that the Russians owe to Bulgaria one after another, in fact, it is only 10 billion that needs to be paid.
This is nothing more than half a year's financial revenue of the Bulgarian government, and it is not difficult to raise this money.
Some people want to sell it, and some people don't want to sell it, standing in the position of Nicholas II, even if he wants to sell the land, then he will sell it himself?
How is it possible to sell it in the League of Nations? Isn't that a sheep in the mouth of a tiger?
"No, you are betraying the country, the Ukrainian region is our core interest, and it is absolutely not divided!" Sasonov said angrily
"It's a pity, Mr. Sasonov, that we are not from one country anymore, and this is not a traitor to me!
We are all heirs of the Russian Empire, we have the right to implement the treaties we signed at the beginning, and now we can vote on whether to sell the regions of Ukraine to pay off our debts.
If you want to keep the Ukrainian regions, as long as you take this debt, this question is not difficult! Vasilyevich said with a dagger
Everyone understands that he has not thought of selling the Ukrainian regions at all, and this kind of coercion is nothing more than to make Western Russia bear a larger proportion of the debt.
This time, except for Western Russia, the remaining seven countries are occupied with them, whether it is to sell the Ukrainian region or let Western Russia take over the debt, it is very beneficial for everyone.
They can pay off 40 percent of their debts in a lump sum, and they don't have to pay any price, so why not?
"No way, at the last meeting of the League of Nations, the Ukrainian region was clearly demarcated as the territory of Western Russia, and you do not have this right to deal with our territory!" Sasonov roared
"However, the mortgage between Bulgaria and Russia, before the division of the Russian Empire, was signed by you, Sasonov, himself, and approved by Nicholas II.
According to international law, this treaty is still in force, so it can continue to be implemented now, and I propose to vote by a show of hands! The representative of East Russia suddenly spoke
As soon as the words fell, eight hands were raised, and now at this time, everyone wanted to make Western Russia bear some more debts, so naturally they wanted to jointly pressure them to agree.
But did Sasonov dare to budge?
This is obviously impossible, Ukraine cannot be lost, at least not just for nothing!
Again, this additional debt cannot be accepted, and if it is taken, their finances will go bankrupt, and then they will have to sell the Ukrainian regions to pay off the debt.
At this time, Sasonov regretted it a little, knowing that there were so many countries to become independent, he should have sold Poland, Central Asia and other regions in the first place, and there would not be so much trouble.
"I suggest that the first meeting be repaired, everyone calm down, the next meeting will begin, and everyone will continue to negotiate!" Attlee spoke
Obviously, it is not only Western Russia that does not want to lose the Ukrainian regions, but even the British, who do not want Bulgaria to gain the Ukrainian regions.
Now Attlee ended the meeting early, in order to buy time for the British Empire's diplomatic activities.
Knowing that Metyev still did not speak out against it, Bulgaria should not be overly enthusiastic at this time.
No matter what the British do, they can't change the nine countries after independence, it's a fact that they are poor ghosts. It is in their interest to force Western Russia to take on debts now.
Unless the British can come up with real money, this matter is out of their control!