Section 715 Massacre of the Blue Coats
The attitude of the French government made Zhu Jinglun breathe a sigh of relief, and it was indeed a greedy capitalist country, which did not disappoint Zhu Jinglun, and was still full of ambitions for Vietnam. Pen % fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info
The representatives of France offered to permanently renounce their claims to Central and Northern Ki in Viet Nam, but they insisted that they be able to retain their privileges in Nam Ki.
They believed that there were already tens of thousands of French settlers in Nanqi, and that among them were merchants who did not operate freely, but also a large number of small and medium-sized farmers who ran farms, who worked hard to develop the land in Nanqi, and they had enough power to own their wealth. In order to protect the lives and property of these French expatriates, the French government felt it necessary for them to continue to maintain influence in Nanqi.
According to the Vietnamese people's thinking, they hated to let the French roll as far as they could, insisting that Nanqi was Vietnamese territory, which was originally occupied by France, and that France should return every inch of Vietnamese land to Yunnan, and as for those French, no one asked them to come to Vietnam, and they would go back wherever they came from.
Da Ming said that Nanqi should be returned to Vietnam, and Nanqi was indeed forcibly occupied by France, even if based on practical considerations, there are indeed many French people in Nanqi, but there are more Vietnamese, Chinese and Cambodians, these people are Vietnamese people, and Vietnam has more legitimate power to manage Nanqi than France.
Everyone could not agree on the basis of the negotiations, and the Vietnamese insisted that no French, including the French army and the French, could stay in Nanqi. The French, on the other hand, believed that their men should retain their army and jurisdiction here. And the superior believes that the Vietnamese do not have the ability to manage Nam Chi.
The Ming Dynasty compromised his opinion and began to mediate between the two sides, telling the Vietnamese that the French still had more than 600,000 troops in Nam Ki and Da Nang, plus the Vietnamese soldiers recruited, they still had a million people, and if they continued to fight, the outcome was unknown, and even if they could win, they would be bloodied and miserable, and the gains would outweigh the losses. However, even if they were allowed to stay in Nam Chi with just over 10,000 Frenchmen, they would not be able to shake the Vietnamese community.
In this war, the Vietnamese also trained some troops, but in general, they still had to rely on the Ming Dynasty. So the attitude of the Ming Dynasty, they attach great importance to it. In addition, the burden of Vietnam is extremely heavy, in order to fight this war for the restoration of the country, they mobilized two million people, plus one million Ming troops, all of whom were required to supply them with grain and grass, Vietnam has a total population of only six or seven million, this is still the data before the war, this war that affected the entire Vietnam, so that the Vietnamese Ding Ding was sharply reduced, plus Nanqi is still in the hands of France, it would be good if the Vietnamese government could use six million manpower.
Of these 6 million people, nearly 2 million people were transferred, and although more than 100,000 of them were Chinese from northern Vietnam, the main part was still borne by the Vietnamese, and Vietnam even forcibly recruited more than 500,000 strong women, which shows that the labor force has reached its limit. Agricultural production has been greatly affected, and large-scale famine has not yet broken out, but the death of people from small-scale starvation has not stopped. In this case, priority should also be given to ensuring the supply of food and grass for the army, and Vietnam is almost exhausted.
So Vietnam can't afford it.
In this way, even if the French can recover Nam Chi in the future, the Vietnamese court will also perish, and there have been peasant uprisings against the government in various places, if it were not for the help of the Ming army to suppress it, a great chaos would have been inevitable.
Coupled with the attitude of the Ming Dynasty, it was obvious that they did not want to continue to fight with the French, the Ming did not want to fight, Vietnam could not fight, and now it could not afford to fight, so after a fierce debate, the Vietnamese court decided to agree to the request of France and allow the French peasants to continue to farm in Nanqi, but they absolutely could not promise France to continue to maintain influence and power in Nanqi, because the way for France to maintain influence and power is to garrison troops.
The Vietnamese promised the French to stay and the troops to withdraw, which was their bottom line, and the Ming said that he understood Vietnam's attitude and began to help Vietnam negotiate with France. Tell the French that the French troops must be withdrawn, otherwise there will be no formal negotiations with the French, and that the withdrawal is the basis for negotiations.
The French categorically could not agree to the retention of 10,000 French peasants in Vietnam without the protection of their own army, believing that the Vietnamese government could not protect the French expatriate.
Negotiations continue to be deadlocked.
On the battlefield in Vietnam at this time, not only the Vietnamese suffered, but also the French.
The main force of the French army remaining in Saigon was in good condition, although the sea route was blocked, but after more than 20 years of development, the French had made it the largest grain producer in Vietnam, and the French army had food.
But the 200,000 French troops trapped in Da Nang were not in a good situation. The Ming navy withdrew from the Congo River and retreated to Madagascar, but it made the French really feel a sense of crisis, they deeply felt that this eastern country actually had the ability to threaten the French mainland, in this case, the French government felt that the situation was serious, and they could not risk any mistakes in their navy, so they ordered the fleet to stay in Da Nang, without direct orders from the country, not a single step out of the port.
The army was also ordered to stop all military operations to avoid the breakdown of negotiations, the railroad was cut off by the Ming army, the sea route was blocked by the Ming navy, and the French president personally ordered them not to attack, and they did not even have a chance to fight for a chance to survive.
At this time, not only was there a lack of materials, but even morale was gone.
In order to be able to persevere, at least not to starve to death, the food supply standard of the French army in Da Nang has been lowered again and again, and each French soldier has been reduced to two or two taels of rice, and the white soldiers are still starving, not to mention the puppet army and the people, who are only given one or two rice a day, and it will not take long to starve to death.
In the case of low morale, it is not surprising that the situation of constantly surrendering without authorization occurs, it is strange that the actions of the officers, they acquiesce to this happening, they can all turn a blind eye to the surrender of the white soldiers, the surrender of the puppet army and the people, they are simply to actively encourage.
In this case, the surrender of the puppet army and the people formed a trend, and every day in front of the position, groups of people left Da Nang with white flags and walked towards the Ming position.
The Ming Dynasty collected the French troops and placed them in prisoner of war camps, and the Vietnamese puppet soldiers and civilians were handed over to the management of the Vietnamese army.
For these puppet soldiers and people, although the Vietnamese army doesn't like it very much, but in the case of manpower shortage, ordinary Vietnamese puppet soldiers are directly incorporated into the people's team and continue to work as coolies for the army, but there is a group of special people who make it difficult for the Vietnamese army to deal with.
This is a group of puppet soldiers wearing blue uniforms, or wearing a blue belt.
This is the famous Vietnamese Blue Coats, all recruited from the Catholics among the Vietnamese, who not only helped the French army transport supplies, manage other coolies, but even fought side by side with the French army with weapons at critical moments.
Many peoples hate traitors more than they treat their enemies, because for them traitors are traitors, betraying their common interests for personal gain, and the more collectivist the culture, the more intolerant traitors will become. Needless to say, the Eastern peoples, that is, France, after World War II, there was no need for a large-scale liquidation of traitors, and even those female prostitutes who had served the German soldiers were among the liquidations, shaved their hair, stripped them of their clothes, and paraded through the streets.
After the victory of the Chinese War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the liquidation of traitors was more complete than that of the surrendered Japanese officers. If Yoshiko Kawashima was not defined as a traitor, according to the policy of the time, it was very likely that she would be pardoned.
The Vietnamese are no exception, these blue-clothed soldiers who believe in foreign religions are even more hateful in their eyes, not only ordinary people can't tolerate these Catholics, literati doctors can't tolerate them, and court officials can't tolerate them either, precisely because they are not accepted by the mainstream society, which in turn makes these blue-coat soldiers extremely firm in serving France, and they treat Vietnamese compatriots harshly during the war, robbing civilians, raping women, and killing rebel soldiers, they are even more excessive than the French.
Most of the Vietnamese soldiers guarding them were from the rebel army, and many of them saw their hometowns destroyed by the French army that suppressed them, their parents, wives and children were slaughtered, their sisters were raped, and their houses were burned.
As a result, the guards assigned the heaviest work to these blue-clad soldiers, not only did they do heavy hard labor, they cursed and abused them at every turn, but they often withheld their pitiful rations.
The blue-clothed soldiers, who were beaten at every turn, were also squeezed with anger in their hearts.
Finally, a soldier in blue who had been hungry for a day fell while working, and the overseer soldier beat him without saying a word, and as a result, the soldier in blue fell to death.
The onlookers of the Blue Coats gave up and rioted, killing a dozen overseers on the spot, then seizing weapons and occupying the prisoner of war camp.
The Vietnamese army could not fight the French, but it was not a problem to beat the prisoners, and they mobilized their forces to quickly suppress the riot, but then they behaved inappropriately, ordering the already prejudiced officers of the Blue Coats who believed in God to be killed en masse by 3,000 rioters.
No one thought it was a big deal, the Blue Coats killed more Vietnamese, but their hands and feet were not clean, and a few of the Blue Coats escaped from the prisoner of war camp, and then returned to Saigon, where they reported the massacre of the Blue Coats by the Vietnamese to the colonial governor.
The French diplomatic representative, who was unable to get the Ming and Vietnam to make concessions, also got the news, and he felt that this was a trump card that could be played, so he immediately stabbed the news into the European newspapers, and with the title of the massacre of Catholics by the Ming and Vietnamese troops, it instantly caused a sensation in Europe.
The French diplomatic service quickly moved to appeal to the Catholic countries to unite to protect the lives of their faithful. I also contacted other Christian churches, and all Protestants and Orthodox Christians expressed regret and condemnation of this.
Among the Catholic countries, Spain and Italy even lodged a solemn protest against the Ming Dynasty, and even the Germans expressed their dissatisfaction, because after the unification of Germany, the German Confederation, which was originally influenced by French culture, was the sphere of influence of Catholicism, and Germany unified the south and unified a large number of Catholics.
The diplomatic situation of the French suddenly changed, and the Ming Dynasty was under strong pressure, and immediately transferred this pressure to the Vietnamese court, telling the Vietnamese that because of their behavior, it is very likely to invite the collective intervention of European powers, if they cannot reach an agreement with France, once the European powers intervene in the war, not only may the war be lost, but Vietnam may be carved up by white countries like Africa.
At this time, the Vietnamese were frightened, and they expressed their willingness to accept a limited French garrison in Saigon, as in the Shanghai Concession of the Qing Dynasty, but the number of French troops had to be limited.
Da Ming told France that the massacre of the Blue Coats was caused by riots, and in order to prevent similar situations from happening again, Da Ming would resettle the prisoners of the Blue Coats, and was willing to accept the supervision of the international community, and invited ministers from various countries to witness.
At the same time, they agreed to the request of the French to allow them to transport grain to Da Nang by rail and sea, subject to inspection.
A massacre, which smoothed the attitudes of all parties, finally began to sit at the negotiating table, and formal negotiations began.