Watching the Russian army shouting for Ula to charge fell in front of the fortifications, Moltke was very calm, he had expected this situation, but he was very sad, under the killing of rifled guns, the brave soldiers died worthless.

"Order the soldiers to cover!"

Moltke told his adjutant that the adjutant was an Ottoman and knew German, but Moltke could now speak entirely in Turkic, and the adjutant had become a herald for orders.

Moltke had a good time.

In 1834, Moltke, who served in Prussia, rose to the rank of captain. In November of that year, he was sent to Istanbul as an envoy to the Ottoman Empire on leave to help the Ottoman Empire carry out military reforms and strengthen Prussian influence in the Ottoman Empire. Moltke then began to work as an adviser to the Government of Sudan in drawing up plans for the establishment of the National Defence Force and establishing a defence system.

It was a time when the Ottoman Empire had fallen to Egypt and the Ottoman Sultan could not find its way. The Egyptian army was trained by Ali after the Napoleonic Wars with the help of French officers. However, the Ottoman army also hired a large number of French advisers, but it was no match for the Egyptian army. When he was ill and rushed to the hospital, the Ottoman Sultan accepted Prussia's help and hired a large number of Prussian officers led by Moltke to help train the army and develop a systematic military system.

History has not changed here. Historically, Moltke's army was defeated again a few years later when it met the Egyptian army, and then the Ottoman Sultan abandoned the Prussian military advisers, and Moltke returned to Prussia as a loser.

But now history has changed, because as soon as Moltke arrived in the Ottoman Empire, the Austro-Greek War broke out, and Greece successively united with the Manchus and Egypt to attack the Ottoman Empire, and the Ottoman Empire suffered another crushing defeat. This fiasco, of course, could not be attributed to the Prussian advisers, who had not yet had time to work.

On the contrary, it was this war that gave Moltke a new understanding of war, although he served in the Prussian army, but in fact his knowledge was very mixed, not purely Prussian, and the military school he attended was not Prussian, but Danish. His father was a Prussian bankrupt Junkers, his mother was a Danish middle class, he settled in Denmark with his parents since he was a child, and was educated in Denmark, but he thought that Denmark was too small to let him play on the stage, he was more optimistic about Prussia, so as a Junker nobleman, he applied for the Prussian officer examination and was successfully admitted to the Prussian army as a lower-level officer.

He had a mixed knowledge of history, literature, philosophy, and military affairs, and he also published when he was poor, and he was a linguistic genius who was keen to learn, so he published some military papers from time to time in the Prussian army, and gradually accumulated fame, and was transferred to the staff department.

But until Osman's tenure, he was still only a minor officer, with the rank of captain. But he has real talent and learning, he has no experience in participating in the Napoleonic wars, and all his knowledge has the color of paper talk.

On the contrary, it was the Ottoman wars with the Manchus and Egypt that gave him his first close understanding of the war, and after the war, he summed up his experience and proposed a reform plan to the Ottoman Empire.

He found that many of the Ottoman army's defeats in the war were caused by inconsistent commands, and he suggested that a regular staff headquarters should be established in the Ottoman army, and that the staff should formulate a unified battle plan and hand it over to the officers to carry out. This meant that the time when the officer was in charge of commanding the army was over, and the time had come for a more professional staff officer to develop a plan.

At that time, the Ottoman Sultan was no longer Mahmoud II, because of successive defeats, Mahmud II fell ill and died soon after. His son succeeded him and continued to implement reforms. Lacking direction, he accepted all of Moltke's suggestions and let Moltke reorganize the Ottoman army.

Moltke made systematic improvements to the Ottoman Empire's military academies, logistics management, and military training, and these improvements were not revolutionary, firstly, most of the content was already present in the Ottoman army, and Moltke only strengthened management, and secondly, any European officer with management experience could do these things, and Moltke did not necessarily do it better than others.

Moltke's greatest and revolutionary reform was the creation of a general staff that was directly accountable to the Sultan and developed operational plans for the officers to carry out, rather than a staff member who advised the officers on an ad hoc basis. The Sultan supported the reform proposal because he found that through this general staff, the Sultan had direct control over the army, which was very advantageous for the Ottoman Empire, which was often plagued by warlord interference.

The war in which the Ottomans then participated was the war in which Russia was in a difficult situation, taking advantage of the fire to attack the Crimean peninsula, although in this war, the Ottomans were only the last to enter the war, and there were no brilliant results, and they were even repelled by the Russian army from the Crimean peninsula. But this was a victory after all, and the results of the reform of the Ottoman army have already been reflected, the combat effectiveness has been improved compared to before, and the battle against the Russian and British troops is not the one-sided situation as before. In the end, the Crimean peninsula was successfully obtained through political means, and it was a victory after all, so Moltke was not deposed. On the contrary, it was because of the general staff system he created that allowed the Sultan to firmly control the army, and it has always been reused.

After the war, Moltke became responsible for the defense of the Crimean peninsula. This plan was extremely critical and affected the course of the war.

Before building the defense system of Crimea, Moltke conducted a field trip to the Kazakh battlefield, where he analyzed the current situation of the four-year tug-of-war between the two sides, and even took a detour of the Chinese army. This great detour is already a famous work of the Chinese army, and basically military textbooks around the world will talk about it, but Moltke does not particularly admire the tactics of the Chinese. Because he found that this detour was indeed an extremely bold tactical innovation, but it was not universal, because it was difficult for other countries except China to borrow it. In this roundabout, China has mobilized six or seven million troops, plus the manpower to support transportation, I am afraid that it is tens of millions, which country in the world can mobilize tens of millions of manpower into war? At least in Europe, not a single one!

Moltke, on the contrary, admired the Chinese fortification system, and before the Chinese adopted the trench system in large numbers, European wars were mainly field battles, even if they attacked and defended around cities, they were mainly field battles. This is not that the European armies advocate attack, but the European-style castle system was defeated in the time of Louis XIV, and all tactics of defending the castle will fail, according to Chinese military science, it is called a long time to defend must be lost, and the attack and defense must be combined with each other to hold on for a long time. Therefore, when Europe is defending cities, it often deploys field troops in the field to compete with each other. A castle, once besieged, also means defeat.

However, after comparing the Chinese fortification system, Moltke found that it was not that the castle could not be defended, but that the castle lacked the material preparation to hold on for a long time, and that the castles in Europe were generally built on dangerous hills, and even the diversion of water could not be guaranteed, and once besieged, it would fail in the short term. But in the construction of the Chinese's fortifications, wells will definitely be built, and enough food supplies will be stockpiled for a long time. Equipped with dense firepower, relying on firepower to inflict a large number of casualties on the enemy. Even later, after the Chinese succeeded in a roundabout, they trapped the Russian army by building a barrier, because the strength of the troops at that time was simply not enough to block the Russian army in the field.

These tactics inspired Moltke.

Later, he built two fortress complexes in the defense system of the Crimean peninsula. One is located near the isthmus at the northern tip of the Crimean peninsula and is connected to the land, blocking the passage and blocking the large-scale attack of the Russian army from the land. One is located in the Sevastopol fortress, which is mainly perfect. He drilled deep wells in the fortress to ensure that during the siege, there would be a clean source of water, and he had stockpiled a large amount of food and supplies, and built a large number of underground warehouses, enough to cover the war consumption of 300,000 people a year.

The Ottoman Empire has been declining, losing Egypt, Greece, the Arab Peninsula and North Africa, and the population has lost more than 10 million, but the total population is still 30 million, and they can still get the supplies to ensure the long-term war of 300,000 people.

With effective fortifications, and rifled rifles with a longer range than in the past, Moltke found that today's tactics were more defensible than they were during the Kazakh war.

Moltke placed a large number of infantry guns in the front line to fire anti-infantry shotguns, and with rifled rifles, they brought great damage to the Russian infantry, but the Russian army could not push its own artillery up. Heavy artillery is too heavy to be successfully advanced within range under the blow of the fortress's heavy artillery. Light infantry artillery can't be pushed up, because the range of rifled guns has made the artillery no longer safe, once the infantry gun is close to the fortifications, if they want to suppress the fire on the fortifications, the artillery is easy to be targeted by snipers.

The result was that the Russians charged in vain with infantry again and again, with nothing but heavy casualties.

Moltke lamented the arrival of a new era, and at the same time thought about the solution backwards, once all countries began to build fortifications and defenses, then how to break through these fortifications became the key to the victory or defeat of both sides of the battle.

Moltke thought about it and found that he still had to use a cannon, a cannon with more advanced performance, greater power, and lighter weight.

Before the outbreak of the war, the Ottoman army on the Crimean Peninsula was only 50,000, and before the declaration of war, the Ottoman Empire urgently sent 250,000 reinforcements here to increase the defensive strength to 300,000.

Moltke also personally entered the Crimean peninsula and was directly responsible to the Sultan himself, with whom he kept in touch by telegram.

The Sultan was very satisfied with Moltke's results in killing and wounding a large number of Russian troops, but Moltke told the Sultan that the purpose of defense was to launch a counterattack in the end, and in the military plan formulated before the war, the same was true, once a large number of enemy forces were consumed, the Ottoman army would eventually attack, because their combat direction was not in the Crimean Peninsula, but whether they could cut off the connection between the Dnieper River and the Danube Russian Army.

Moltke told the Sultan that a counterattack must be launched at a favorable time!