Taoist talismans and ancient witchcraft

Taoism was developed from pre-Qin witchcraft, therefore, compared with Buddhism, Taoism pays more attention to "magic", that is, operationality, rather than "reason", unlike Buddhism, which still talks about metaphysics and is aggressive.

If Buddhism is audible because of its advanced theories, then Taoism is more visible because of the mysteries of magic.

The "technique" of Taoism includes all kinds of rituals and spells, and the Taoist talisman is a kind of spell. Although there was no Taoist talisman in the pre-Qin witchcraft stage, almost all kinds of pre-Qin witchcraft had counterparts in the Dao talisman, which shows that after the witchcraft entered the Tao, it was often manifested in the form of Taoist talismans, and the talisman became the basic form of Taoism.

Defined by time, early Taoism refers to the formative period of Taoism during the pre-Qin and Han dynasties. During this period, due to the lack of integration of Taoism, not only the methods were diverse, but even the names were inconsistent, in general, there were the following types:

(1) Party.

The formula is the method and the method. Song Yu's "Gao Tang Fu": "People with a way: Xianmen, Gao Luo." "A man with a prescription is a person with a certain skill.

"Historical Records Feng Zen Book": "Li Shaojun also sees the ancestral stove, the valley road, and the old party. It travels all over the princes.

"Li Shaojun was a famous alchemist during the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and he went to see the emperor with the magic of sacrificing the god of the stove, the art of Bigu, and the magic of immortality, and traveled all over the country of princes with his magic skills.

"Historical Records of the First Emperor Benji": "Lu Sheng said that the first emperor said: ... In the square, when the person is the master, it is a micro line, in order to ward off evil ghosts, evil ghosts, and real people.

If the lord of man dwells and the man knows it, it is harmful to God. "In the square, that is, in the magic. According to the arts, the emperor must often travel in small clothes to ward off evil spirits, and do not let the ministers know where he lives, otherwise, it will be harmful to the house god.

A square is also known as a square number. "Historical Records of Bian Que Canggong Biography", Chun Yu Yiyun: "The ministers are poor, do not cultivate the family, travel to the country, ask the good for the number of people, for a long time, see the number of things, accept their important things, do their best to write the meaning."

"Or Fangji. "On the Void of Heng Dao": "The world has seen the Yellow Emperor's good technique. Fangshu, the industry of immortals, is called the emperor immortal.

Fu Yu will check the water, do not patrol hunting, the Yellow Emperor is good at skills, and does not ascend to heaven. In the above, "Fangshu" and "Fangji" are intertextual, and it can be seen that Fangshu is Fangshu.

In fact, "Fang" and "Technique" can also be trained. "The Biography of Bian Que in Historical Records": "It is good for the party and multi-skilled."

This is the same meaning using different words. According to Liu Xin's "Seven Strategies", there are the following four types of prescription techniques: "There are four schools of prescription techniques, including medical scholars, prescription families, houses in the house, and fairy families.

Or strategy. "Historical Records of Huainan Wang An's Biography": "Those who distinguish the strange materials of the wanderers are the strategists, who make false rumors and flatter the king.

The "strategy" here is the magic. There is a footnote to this in "On the Void of Heng Dao": "An heir is the king, he hates his father and dies, has a rebellious heart, recruits sorcerers, and wants to do great things."

Wu was the genus, filling the hall, making a book of Taoism, and sending strange texts. Wang Chong called the "strategist" a "sorcerer", which shows that the strategy is the art.

(2) Law. The law and the party can train each other, and the "method" is often referred to as "method" in ancient books. "Lü's Spring and Autumn Experience": "Da himself is in charge, there is no way to reward and punish, and he does not use the French style."

The upper part is called "Fang", the lower part is called "Law", and it is also intertextual. The law is also the magic of the law, so the exercise of the magic is also called "practice" and "drawing method".

"The Revision of the Middle Treatise": "Those who practice filth, people do not make paintings, and there is no experience." The book of Fangshu is also called "Law", "Hanshu Jingfang Biography": "Shangfeng Shi said: "Law" said, the Taoist people go, cold, and water are disasters.

"Or spells. "Han Feizi's View of Travel": "If you are strong enough to be educated, you can't live forever."

The "spell" here refers to the spell of immortality.

(3) Surgery. Shushu originally meant the way, and by extension, it was the way to channel the spirits.

"On the Balance of the Troubled Dragon": "Lady Li, Emperor Xiaowu." The lady died, and thought about it. The Taoist priest used art as Mrs. Li.

"Emperor Xiaowu is Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the Taoist priest is Li Shaoweng. The "Historical Records and Feng Zen Book" also contains this incident, but Mrs. Li is recorded as Mrs. Wang.

Yun: "Madame, the young man will cover the night to Mrs. Wang." "Technique" is called "Fang", which shows that the technique and the square are connected.

Or magic. "Han Shuwu is Biography": "Huainan Wang An is good at learning, and he has attracted hundreds of heroes. The so-called "magic" is the study of magic.

Or art. Artist, skill. In ancient times, etiquette, music, archery, royalty, calligraphy, and mathematics were the six arts, and it can be seen that Fangshu is also one of the six arts.

"The Biography of Fan Ying in the Later Han Dynasty": "There is a storm, starting from the West." British scholars say that Chengdu is very popular.

Because of the water, rinse it in the west, so that the time of the day is remembered. After the guest, there were clouds from Shudu, it was a big fire, there were black clouds, and the pawn started from the east, and it rained heavily, and the fire was extinguished.

So the world called it art. "

(4) Number. The original meaning of number is counting, and ancient divination often determines good luck and evil by counting, so number is one of the arts, that is, the number of spells.

"Historical Records of Bian Quecang Gong Biography": "Taicang Gong, surnamed Chun Yu, name, little but fond of medical prescriptions.

Eight years after high school, he was taught by the same county Yuanli Gong Yangqing. … The light also belongs to Yin, saying: The meaning is good, and the public will encounter it.

"The former cloud is full of Yixi medical prescriptions, and the latter clouds are good numbers, and the visible number is "square surgery". Or numeracy.

In the "Preface to the Biography of the Later Han Dynasty Books", the number of arts is directly used to represent the magic "the deviation of the master and the object, not without the cover, although the cloud avenue, the reason or the same."

If it is the foolishness of the poem, the foolishness of the book; However, the number of tricks is lost, as for the vulgar? The extreme number knows change but is not vulgar, and it is deeper than the number of magicians; Therefore, it is said that if you are not a person, the way is not vain.

According to the "Han Shuyi Wenzhi Mathematics Artist", there are the following six categories: the Xingfa family, the miscellaneous Zhan family, the yarrow turtle family, the Five Elements family, the almanac, and the astronomer.

(5) Dao. The Tao is the belief in the Tao, and by extension, it is the method of channeling the gods, so the method of mastering it is called "having the Tao" and "obtaining the Tao", and the person who has the Tao or has obtained the Tao is called "Taoist" and "Taoist".

This "Tao" is connected with the "Fang" of Fangshu. "On the Void of Heng Dao": "Shuo has no Shaojun's prescription to be effective, how can the world see it, and it is said to be the way?"

Shuo is the Han Dynasty celebrity Dongfang Shuo, Shaojun refers to Li Shaojun, the Han Dynasty Fangshi. In the text, the former "Fangshu", and the second "Dao", are intertextual up and down, and the meaning is the same.

Or Taoism. "Preface to the Biography of the Later Han Dynasty": "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is quite good at magic, and the people of the world who are cooperating with Taoist artists are all willing to resist the palm of their hands and follow the wind."

"

Although the early Taoism did not use the talisman as a form of expression, it became the Zhang Ben of the later Taoist talisman.

In other words, almost all Dao talismans can find the fetal marks of early spells.

The witchcraft of the ancient Xia people

The witchcraft of the ancient Xia people in ancient China is to divide the year into ten months, each month is 36 days, and the 36 days are divided into six groups, according to the order of fire, earth, earth, metal, water, and wood to circulate

"Zodiac signs", séance, prayer and healing must be based on this to choose the day.

Nowadays, there are still some legends about the age of the year in our country, that is

The remnants of the "66 Cycle". For example, "Thirty-three, slash with a knife";

"Seventy-three, pass the soil pass" and so on.

In the order of the "six cycles", fire is the father, earth is the mother, and the second earth belongs to itself, so from the age of one, the cycle order is earth, metal, water, wood, fire, and earth.

At the age of thirty-three, it was just the turn of the water, so he thought it was a big murderer. When he was seventy-three years old, he had just passed the seventy-two-year-old soil, and he was on the turn of seventy-three-year-old soil, so he was called

"Crossing the soil pass". Older people are afraid of this age.

The way to understand it is to be

"Hide Tai Sui". At the age of sixty years of worship, there was originally one for each person

"Bensheng Tai Sui", that is, the Tai Sui Xingjun of the year he was born, has arrived

In the ominous year of the "66 cycle", he went to sacrifice Tai Sui, who was one year earlier than his birth year, in an attempt to deceive the heavens and the earth, saying that he had passed the murderous year.

The second volume is a long chapter [Xiuzhen Materials] about the division of the realm of cultivation

Xiuzhen related - the division of Xiuzhen

The realm of cultivation is divided

Realm setting: Martial Realm - Xiuzhen Realm - Immortal Realm - God Realm - Chaos Realm.

Martial Realm: The Acquired Realm and the Innate Realm.

Xiuzhen Realm:

The cultivation realm of a cultivator is divided into eleven kinds, including: Rotational Illumination, Enlightenment, Fusion (Jieneidan), Heartbeat, Spiritual Silence, Yuan Infant, Out-of-body, Distraction, Integration, Tribulation, and Mahayana.

Each is different from each other. Among them, the rotation and enlightenment are the basis for entry, and the bearing of the inner dan is the sign of the formal entry, and the disciples who are usually recognized by the Xiuzhen sect are all above the inner dan stage.

As long as a cultivator has time to have immortal stones and correct cultivation methods, it is not difficult to cultivate to the Inner Dan stage, but it is only one-tenth or twelve of the cultivation to the Yuan Infant Stage, usually the closer the Inner Dan of the Inner Dan Period is, the more golden it is, the more refined it is, and the greater the chance of entering the Yuan Infant Period; If a cultivator enters the Inner Dan Period, with the condensation of essence energy and the comprehension of the realm, he cultivates his own "Purple Mansion Yuan Infant", and he can achieve the so-called immortality of the soul.

At this time, you can cultivate a variety of magic weapons, as well as attack and defense techniques unique to this sect.

Generally speaking, those who are out of the body are considered masters.

And those who are distracted and in the period of integration are usually the heads of the Xiuzhen sect or the elders of the extremely high ranks. As for the tribulation and Mahayana, there are those monsters who don't know how to hide there.

At this level, there will not be more than five in the entire cultivation realm now. Don't talk about it.

Celestial:

Immortals: Scattered Immortals (Degree Tribulation Cannot Be Resolved), Earth Immortals, Immortals, Ghost Immortals, Heavenly Immortals, Golden Immortals, Da Luo Jin Immortals, Heavenly Monarchs, Heavenly Emperors

After the attainment of the Heavenly Immortal-Yang God, he continued to strengthen the degree of sequencing and continued to grow, and his ability gradually expanded, and finally completely transcended the physical limits of the universe, giving birth to a new universe according to the primordial divine realm, and dominating its universe, receiving sentient beings who are destined to lead sentient beings towards supreme attainment with an unquantified incarnation

Immortal-level cultivators are marked by the fact that Yang God can survive independently from the physical body.

Those who reach the immortal level are sage-level monks, and the earth immortals, immortals, immortals, and ghosts are all mortal-level monks. How do you know if you've reached the Immortal Grade?

If you have already moved from the realm of clarity to the boundless oneness of energy in concentration

The realm of "cloudless and clear sky", and being able to freely grasp this realm, and at the same time start cultivating on the basis of this realm, it means that your cultivation level has reached the name set by the Immortal Dao

The grade of "immortals". In other systems of practice, monks who practice the authentic Mahamudra Zen path of the Tibetan Tantric Kagyu school of Buddhism, if they really enter

The realm of "blind yoga" is equivalent to the level of immortals.

Earth Immortal - from the positive determination to obtain the entrance (bright point) appearance, but because the insight is not enough, it cannot go beyond the realm of the entrance, that is, this realm is the ultimate residence, according to the power of the entrance to take and transform the body, or according to the entrance to seek supernatural powers, the physical life span can break through the genetic limit.

Earth Immortal-level cultivators are marked by the fact that their physical bodies are no longer restricted by the aging of their genes, and those with different development directions are marked by their spatial physical action abilities that are similar to the power of the Yang God.

The cultivation of the earth immortal level is more complicated and difficult than the immortal level, and the reason why the cultivator cannot go to the next level when he reaches the earth immortal level is completely because he does not understand the fundamental theory of the superimposed existence form of the three states of the universe, so he thought it was the ultimate realm as soon as he arrived at the door, from which it can be seen that the level of insight in the cultivation of human immortals and ghosts and immortals is not important, and once he reaches the realm of earth immortals, there is no way to do it if his insights are not in place, so it is impossible to say that cultivation is an achievement of wisdom, and it is not okay to have less wisdom.