Today's structure of the Great Zhou government retains a traditional shell, but the inside has changed greatly.

The military department was never formed according to the traditional structure from the beginning, because the military power has always been in Zhou Lang's hands from beginning to end, so he built the military department according to his own concepts.

His understanding of the military department was based on the later Ministry of National Defense, and he appointed a large number of students who graduated from military academies to serve in it, and even transferred some officers with a high level of education from the army. But there is no doubt that the military department is a civilian department. Officers of the Ministry of War do not have military status, but have the same civilian rank as the other departments of the Sixth Ministry. The official uniforms are all imitations of the Ming Dynasty, not military uniforms. In terms of form, the officers of the Ministry of War are no different from those of other ministries.

In addition to his background, the military officials are the most upright imperial election officials.

The Ministry of War managed the logistics supply of the army, the promotion and dismissal of officers, and through the Ministry of War, the emperor firmly controlled the military power.

The base camp of another imperial election official is the emperor's internal affairs office, which is actually just a name, which is completely different from the internal affairs office of the Qing Dynasty that served the Qianlong court, although it also monopolized the collection of industrial and commercial taxes and customs duties, but most of the expenses of the internal affairs office were used for the public, not on royal affairs. In the past few years, the wars have basically been financed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the bonds issued are also issued in the name of the emperor.

The Emperor controlled important financial power through the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

With financial power and military power, in fact, it has absolute control over the government, which is why the Great Zhou Dynasty has always maintained stability for so many years as if it had two sets of government teams.

But the imperial power itself is a major power, in recent years in the political game with the bureaucracy represented by Wang Fuqian, major changes have not been implemented, but the penetration of power has not stopped, Zhou Lang once tried to reform from the core of the traditional bureaucracy, but was resisted, and he has not tried it for many years after failure.

But it infiltrated into other departments of the Sixth Ministry.

The diplomatic powers of the Ministry of Rites were stripped away, but the important powers to make etiquette and preside over imperial examinations remained untouched.

The ministry basically maintained the tradition, but in the tradition, the imperial power was the core of power at the top of the ministry.

In fact, the biggest penetration is still the Ministry of Households, another financial department, which is in charge of the collection of agricultural taxes and the management of household registration throughout the country. After the last audit, Zhou Lang successfully dispatched a supervisor to the household department, and these people will control the collection of money and grain in the state and county from the general account, and many problems have been found over the years. These financial overseers are all imperial election officials who are proficient in accounting. Because of their excellent work, they will soon replace the original household officials and completely change the household department.

The Criminal Department is another department that cannot be moved, but Zhou Lang has set up a separate judicial system, which greatly divides the power of the Criminal Department, and the Criminal Department has begun to become more and more a department specializing in handling major criminal cases.

The situation is that although Zhou Lang has created a system of imperial election officials, the old six ministries have also been maintained through imperial power.

In the past, the civil and bureaucratic system was heavy, and there was a high-ranking and powerful Wang Fuqian as the backbone, and the old bureaucrats could still unite to play with the emperor, but now that Wang Fuqian is dead, he has lost all possibilities to fight against the imperial power. In fact, many of the top-level bureaucrats were not from the imperial examination, and at least half of them were demoted officials from the Manchu Qing Dynasty.

All the obstacles that prevented the emperor from radically reforming the old system had disappeared, so the officialdom generally judged that the emperor was about to make a big move.

Although the emperor chose Huang Qiuwei, who has both the identity of a science election official and the taste of the emperor's election official, as the prime minister, everyone still thinks that the emperor will still move, so they are very concerned about this issue and have close personal contacts with Huang Qiuwei.

Soon they got a reassuring needle from Huang Qiuwu.

Huang Qiuwei told everyone very surely: the imperial examination will not change!

For most people, as long as the imperial examination remains unchanged, their concepts, their status, and the future of their family can be guaranteed, and most of them are local squire-born officials, who are confident that in the imperial examination, their descendants, and their Confucian and Mencian ways can be inherited.

As long as the imperial examination remains unchanged, other changes do not seem to hurt the fundamentals.

Sure enough, the big move came soon, and there was the same Dinghai Shenshen needle for the imperial examination, and the civil official group did not have the absolute mentality of obstruction.

In addition, this first big move, or the household department that has been completely tamed by the emperor, has not changed much, almost did not change the power of the household department, but has been strengthened, called the government treasury merger, the internal affairs office directly merged into the household department.

The merger of the internal affairs office, the base camp of the imperial election officials, into the household department, means that the right to collect commercial taxes, which has accounted for seventy percent of China's fiscal revenue, has been handed over to the household department, but the household officials are not all happy, but sad and gloomy, because the internal affairs government has merged with the household department, which also means that a large number of imperial election officials have entered the household department, and it is conceivable that these people cannot hand over their powers, and those powers that overlap with the household department may have to be taken away.

But the previous household has been overwhelmed by the problem of corruption, no one dares to speak for the household department, and there is a reassurance that the imperial examination will not change, and the civil official group that lacks the backbone cannot be cohesive at all, and the new prime minister Huang Qiuwu cannot become the backbone of this bureaucracy no matter how he looks at it, he wanders between the faction of the imperial election officer and the department election official, and at the same time has no sense of existence in both factions, he is more like an emperor's mouthpiece, a thug who executes the emperor's orders.

After the merger of the government treasury, it was the reform of the criminal department.

It is said that it is said that it is the reform of the criminal department, but it is better to abolish the judicial ruling power of the criminal department, and stipulate that the criminal department still has the power to arrest thieves, and still controls the nation's patrol and arrest officials and other armed forces, but the thieves caught in the future and the big cases cracked cannot be directly tried by the criminal department, but let the criminal department go to the court to file a complaint, which is actually the establishment of a public prosecution system.

In fact, it is not the criminal department that is really reformed, but the judicial system. Including the court system that has covered all counties, as well as the new Da Zhou law.

This set of laws of the Great Zhou Dynasty was compiled by a large team composed of Speransky, a group of French legal experts, and Chinese lawyers, who spent three years collecting and sorting out Chinese customary law. All the laws of China from the Qin Dynasty onwards are collected, and a great deal of discussion and comparison are conducted. Zhou Lang took the time to participate in most of the discussions, and he attached as much importance to the formulation of laws as Napoleon, so it was inevitable that Zhou Lang would bring some ideas in this set of laws.

For example, comparing the laws of the Qin Dynasty, Zhou Lang found that the Qin Dynasty had punishment provisions for the behavior of not saving the lives of others in the mode of seeing death. Even if you see a thief stealing something, if you don't stop it, you will be punished. In terms of legal principles, this is tantamount to delegating the power of law enforcement to everyone in society, and everyone has the right and obligation to enforce the law when they see a crime. The content added by Zhou Lang is obviously not as harsh as Qin Law, he stipulates that in the case of the life of others, any bystander has an unshirkable obligation to help, which is to encourage mutual help, which is far more effective than hard publicity, if the accidental injury is caused by indifference, the bystander must be held responsible. This is not to decentralize law enforcement, but to impose more legal obligations on each social group. The reason why these contents of the Qin law were introduced was that Zhou Lang understood the indifference of later generations of Chinese to strangers. As for the phenomenon of blackmail and other phenomena that cause such indifference, it is punished by reverse sitting, which is a very serious crime, and if blackmail fails, it must be reversed.

Due to the involvement of French jurists, and with some Western ways of compiling laws, it is more strictly forbidden and meticulous. At the same time, it also brought some Western thinking. For example, Zhou Lang supported the abolition of simple and crude customary laws such as homicide to repay debts and debts, and it is also the repayment of debts from fathers and sons, and the rulings on the crime of homicide are very detailed, including all kinds of accidental homicide, and there is no need to bear absolute responsibility. The debts owed by Lao Tzu are borne by children and grandchildren from generation to generation, and they are really not suitable for the modern business society.

In fact, the laws of various countries, including the codes of the slavery era, have a lot of similarities in content, because human cognition of sin is basically similar, and it is impossible for any law to condone murder and arson, because the law is ultimately used to maintain social order, and the difference is only in individual details, and these details are precisely because of the differences in the customs and good customs of various countries.

For example, the reason why the Chinese have the culture of repaying the debts of the father and the son is mainly because the Chinese society is a society of acquaintances, and the repayment of the father's debts and the sons is obviously more binding on debts than the elimination of dead debts, so that the creditors are more daring to borrow, and the formation of this culture can make it easier for the poor to borrow life-saving food from the landlord when they encounter a famine, because he cannot afford to pay off his sons and grandchildren. On the negative side, this culture is certainly more favorable to creditors than to debtors. Out of the concept of protecting the disadvantaged, Zhou Lang adheres to the concept of eliminating debts from death.

There are also cases in China that are different from those in other countries, where there have been cases where Westerners have been beaten to death by local villagers for digging ancient tombs, and the government has ruled not guilty. Zhou Lang later learned that this tomb robbery incident was not actually for the purpose of stealing wealth, but several French scholars were conducting research. Since they have not obtained permission from the local government, they privately hired someone to dig up an ancient tomb of the Song Dynasty, which is not much of a crime in the West, and Westerners enter the church cemetery to excavate and study, and rarely encounter the situation of not being allowed and obstructed, let alone developed to the situation of being beaten to death by angry villagers.

But the ancient tombs in China are not necessarily cemeteries, maybe the French secretly dug up the tomb of an emperor of the Song Dynasty, but no one killed them, but digging up the cemetery of the common people, the problem is very big. In the traditional concept, digging up graves is very serious, and digging up people's ancestral graves is like killing people. Although the ancient tomb is a tomb of the Song Dynasty, but the descendants are not extended, and it has developed and grown in the local area, it is a famous family, and the clan elders think that their ancestral tomb has good feng shui, but the ancestral tomb is dug for foreigners, how not to be angry?

The reason why it is not a serious crime for Westerners to dig up graves is also related to the fact that the West does not pay attention to the culture of thick burials. The special funeral culture is naturally maintained by special customary laws.

In addition to these differences in legal provisions, changes have also been made to judicial procedures.