Section 409 The Trials of the Russian Winter
After Speransky established the provisional government, China did not admit that such a thing was not rushed.
But secret negotiations can take place.
Land reparations, this is the keynote.
But where to cut and how much to lose need to be discussed.
The Speransky government insisted at the beginning on the cession of the Siberian region, which was a very large land, and they were still sincere.
But this is far from satisfying China's appetite, which needs a direct passage to the Black Sea, so Siberia is not up to the mark.
There was no back-and-forth in the negotiations, and the Chinese representative threw out a condition, clearly telling him that this was the final condition.
Russia was asked to cede the area east of the Volga River, but China said that it was not interested in the Russian East European Plain, so it did not demand that Russia cede the entire east of the Volga River, otherwise half of the East European Plain would have to be ceded to China. China demanded that the border between the two countries be divided into three sections, the northern section bounded by the Ural Mountains, the middle section bounded by the Kama and Volga rivers, which originate in the Ural Mountains and flow into the Volga River, and the southern section bounded by the west of the Volga River and south of the Don River, and between the two rivers the closest line between the two rivers from the bend of the lower Volga River to the extreme tributaries of the Don River.
This means that China will seize the Russian Caucasus to the Don River and give China access to the Black Sea, which is probably the most valuable in terms of economic value.
Moreover, this territorial cession, taking into full account of the situation of the Russians, is basically the Russian frontier areas, the Ural region east of the Kama River and the Volga River, the population is still very sparse at this time, and the lower Volga region is even a nomadic land of the Kalmyks, and the real population center of Russia, in the area of the Eastern European Plain from Moscow to Petersburg, is completely reserved to Russia.
The Speransky government only had the right to bargain with or without the right to sign this agreement, and they had no choice at this time.
After the agreement was reached, Speransky sent people to the encirclement of the Kazakh region to negotiate with the local Russian generals, hoping that they would be loyal to the new government, which would guarantee their personal safety. To Speransky's shame, the Russian troops in the encirclement, led by the great nobles, refused to pledge allegiance to Speransky's government, preferring to die in battle.
At this time, the Russians were also completely defeated in the war with Prussia and Austria, it was impossible not to retreat, the main forces were concentrated and surrounded, and most of the troops remaining in the country were improvised patchwork troops, not to mention the troops in the Polish direction.
Russia also did not hope to promise the Austro-Prussian army from the battlefield, at this time they turned to Britain for help, hoping that Britain could put pressure on these two Central European powers, while retreating in great strides, the critical time was the Russian huge territory brought by the most effective, Napoleon was so defeated, now that it is autumn, the Russians even hope that the Austro-Prussian army will attack the Russian hinterland and let the cold winter defeat them.
Of course, the most realistic consideration of the Russian tsarist government was to hope for a negotiated settlement, and they had informed Britain that the tsar had decided to grant Poland independence, hoping to satisfy Austro's demands and reach peace with the West as soon as possible.
But at this time, Prussia also demanded that their border with Russia be changed, and Prussia reasserted Finland's affiliation and demanded that Russia cede Finland to Prussia; Austria demanded that the Russian-Austrian border be decommissioned to the east, in the north they demanded that Russia cede the Volyn region to Austria, and in the south they wanted to adjust the border to the South Bug River.
The demands of these two countries were accepted by the south, and Finland was handed over to Prussia, which meant that the entrance to the sea in Petersburg would be subject to Prussia in the future, and Peter the Great's greatest purpose in seizing Finland was to protect the security of St. Petersburg. The transfer of the land west of the South Bug River to Austria was also unacceptable, because it meant that Odessa became Austrian territory, and Russia had always called Odessa the window to the Black Sea, and since Catherine's time, it has been the largest port and city on the Black Sea.
Britain did not want to see Russia partitioned at this time, and when Russia was partitioned, China came in, and Britain regarded China as the first threat, far more than it had feared Russia and France in the past.
Therefore, he hoped that Russia would be able to withdraw from the war, so he actively mediated, and with the mediation of the British, both sides made concessions. Austria relinquished its claims to the lower Black Sea region, but with the consent of Russia, it ceded part of Poland, which had been partitioned in 1793 and 1795, and seized the provinces of Podolia and Volhynia, which was almost equivalent to the entire region of Western Ukraine, which had been under Polish rule for a long time, resulting in a widespread Catholicism, pro-Western, and religious contradictions with the pro-Russian Orthodox Ukrainians in eastern Ukraine.
Prussia gave up its claim to Finland, but succeeded in restoring Poland's eastern border to the state it had before 1893, bordering Russia on the Daugava River, successfully recovering the historical Duchy of Courland, founded by the Baltic Germans, and pushing its territory to the Gulf of Riga, but unfortunately Riga remained part of Russia. As for the country of Poland, everyone knows what is going on, it is a puppet supported by Prussia, a spare tire ready to annex at any moment.
Russia gritted its teeth and renounced the territory of Poland after 1793, and reached an agreement with the two robbers who took advantage of the fire and Austria. For Britain, this was a diplomatic victory, not only to avoid the fate of Russia to be partitioned, but also to keep the main territory of Russia, is still a very important balancing force, and the most important thing is that by satisfying the demands of the two countries, the two European powers were not allowed to form an alliance with China to carve up Russia, once these two countries establish closer relations with China, it will be extremely detrimental to Britain's diplomatic balance strategy. It would greatly increase China's influence in Europe and weaken Britain's influence on the continent.
Under the foreign policy of limiting the penetration of Chinese forces into Europe, although the British army successfully withdrew from the front line of the Tulgai River and retreated to the lower Volga region, it did not directly withdraw from the war, but continued to fight with the Russian army after resting here.
On the one hand, they helped the Russian army, completely repelled the Manchu Qing army in the North Caucasus, pushed the other side back to the south of the Caucasus Shanman, and at the same time strengthened the defense of the Volga, Britain resolutely could not tolerate the Chinese army crossing the Volga River directly into the Black Sea region, which meant that the Chinese radiated their tentacles through the Black Sea to the heart of Europe on the Mediterranean coast.
So in the autumn, after the Prussia and Austria took advantage of the fire, the participants in the war were still a few countries, and on the Eurasian continent, the Anglo-Russian coalition against the Manchu, Ottoman and Chinese coalition forces.
At this time, Britain and Russia still did not give up, although they themselves knew that the hope of victory was not great, but could not accept the demands of the Chinese, so they looked forward to the last ray of hope, the Russian winter!
Winter in Russia is not so fun, the Russians know very well that once it is November, Siberia will start to freeze, the rivers will freeze, China will not be able to use the river network here, and the winter in Kazakhstan is also very cold, and it is common for the temperature to drop to minus twenty or thirty degrees.
The Anglo-Russian coalition hopes that the Chinese army will have a flaw in the winter, either there will be problems with transportation and supplies, or the combat effectiveness of the army will drop significantly, and at this time the Russian army will launch a counterattack, and this winter will be the last test for both sides.