What everyone did not expect was that the biggest supporter of the general mobilization of the Austro-Hungarian Empire turned out to be Hungary.

If it weren't for the Hungarians' strong demand for mobilization, Austria-Hungary actually had no ability to mobilize, with the conclusion of the Austro-Hungarian Entente, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was divided into the part headed by the imperial territory and the part of the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary, although the Hungarians could not form half of the territory or population, but they divided half of the imperial power equally, they were very satisfied with this, and at the same time they also valued their own power, and they had half of the say in everything, and most of the time they were against the empire.

The sudden support of Hungary for mobilization for war, and the agreement of the Austro-Hungarian government to mobilization, was due to a situation that no one had expected, and it was still a matter of nationalism.

Under the rule of the Austrian Empire, with the development of economy, population and culture, in the middle and lower reaches of the Danube, there was gradually a kind of Roman identity called Dacia, or Wallachian identity, which was later Romanian national identity, the so-called Romania, which means the land of the Romans. The Moldovans, Wallachians and Transylvanians who inhabited the territory of the Austrian Empire belonged to the descendants of the Dacians, who had been conquered and assimilated by the Romans, and they spoke the same language, a Latinized language, similar in grammatical composition to Italian.

In the past, these three territories gave birth to three principalities, and in the classical period, there was no unified national concept, and everyone's identity was lord and subject. The peasants only knew their lord, and did not care if the people who lived ten miles away spoke the same language as themselves. Moreover, history has changed greatly, with conquests and revolts repeatedly. The Roman conquest, the Hungarian conquest, the Bolgar government, the Turkic government, the peoples here have always been in the stage of being conquered and dominated. Fortunately, presumably because of the inheritance of Roman culture, their culture was always more advanced than that of the conquerors, and it was always them who assimilated the conquerors, not the conquerors.

As a result, these three places have maintained a unified language and Orthodox culture brought by the Roman era.

In the last four or five hundred years, the Dacian Romans have been conquered and ruled by two major powers, of which Wallachia and Moldova were mainly subject to the Ottoman Empire, which destroyed the upper echelons of the two principalities and sent Greek bureaucrats and governors to rule. Transylvania, on the other hand, has been in the midst of repeated rivalries between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburgs of Austria.

This made them more independent in the cracks, but the more independent Transylvanian plateau was dominated by the Hungarian aristocracy. After the Ottoman Empire conquered the Kingdom of Hungary, Transylvania became a refuge for the Hungarian aristocracy, who relied on the highland terrain to resist the invasion of Ottoman culture and maintain the most stubborn Hungarian aristocratic rule here. The proportion of Hungarian aristocrats was greater here than in the Hungarian plains, and the local Transylvanians were reduced to serfs.

Later, the Habsburgs defeated the Ottoman Empire and recovered the whole of Hungary, which began to directly govern Transylvania, but the Hungarian aristocracy here, which had previously resisted the Ottoman Empire and now resisted the Austrian Empire, had always been in a state of obedience and semi-independence. That's why Hungary can achieve independent status, but Bohemia cannot, because the spirit of independence is so strong.

However, the Hungarian nation is really narrow in terms of nationalism, or it is precisely because of the extremely narrow nationalism that they dare to fight against strong enemies again and again. But when they achieved self-government, they did not treat the other peoples under their rule fairly, and she adopted a system that was harsher than that of the previous rulers. They have made more than half of the population of Transylvanians miserable through re-immigration, forced conversion, and changes to the official language.

This narrow national concept will, of course, have its historical causes.

The Transylvanians were the Dacians from the Roman Empire, and this ethnic group assimilated and merged with Rome to form the Dacian Romans. The rulers who established themselves here were mainly Hungarians, who turned most of the Dacian Romans into their serfs, as well as a small number of the more powerful local ethnic groups, the Sekeš who lived on the southeastern border of Transylvania, and Hungary was unable to eliminate these native ethnic groups, so they were integrated into the Magyar Tribal Confederation as a semi-independent agricultural military group to guard the eastern border for Hungary.

As a result, the local inhabitants of Transylvania were either absorbed and integrated by Hungary and became part of the ruling group, completed Hungarianization, and converted to Catholicism, or they became serfs of the nobility and continued to believe in Orthodox Christianity. By the time of King Geza II of Hungary (r. 1141-1162), the king invited Saxon immigrants (Germans) to enter Transylvania and settle the frontier in the northeastern border of Transylvania. The Saxons of northeastern Transylvania soon gained the same semi-independent status as the Sekesh, with privileges. Thus the ruling class of Transylvania formed three forces: the Hungarian tribal aristocracy, the Hungarianized local farming community, and the members of the Teutonic Knights who had been invited from Germany.

Transylvania has different meanings in Hungarian, German, and Dacian Romans, because of their different historical compositions. For example, the Teutonic Knights built castles and cities in northwestern Europe here, forming the first seven cities, which are called Siebenbürgen in German, which means land of seven cities. The Latin name is Ultra silvam, which means to cross the forest, and evolved into Dacian Rome, which became Transylvania, Transylvania, Transylvania.

The history of Transylvania also developed through the exchange between the local Dacian Romans or Wallachians, the Hungarians or Magyars, and the Germans.

The Dacians, after all, were numerous, and gradually began to appear as an upper class, which, through military exploits, became nobles, and then converted to the Hungarian Protestant faith, or the Catholic faith; Politically, however, the growing Dacian aristocracy remained attached to the Magyar aristocracy, much like the Manchu conquest of China, when some Han Chinese military groups were incorporated into the Eight Banners.

Then the Austrian Habsburgs expelled the Ottoman Empire and began to rule Hungary, directly administering the Transylvanian plateau, southeast of the Hungarian plain. However, the resistance of the nobility here was fierce, and the Habsburgs carried out a brutal attack, expelling, exiling and even killing a large number of Magyar nobles. At the same time, it gave preferential treatment to the local German nation and won over the local Dacian aristocratic group.

As a result of the Austrian suppression of the local Hungarians, the Hungarians began to be at a disadvantage locally. Now they have turned over and become masters, and they have begun to take these measures to suppress other peoples, they have forced migration here, they have promoted Magyars, they have tried to assimilate other peoples in the area.

If it was the Roman Empire, this method might have worked, and even twenty or thirty years ago, when the modern national concept was not so strong, it might still be possible to succeed, such as the Japanese enslavement education in Korea and Taiwan, as long enough to make Koreans and Taiwanese who were not strong enough to have a strong national identity. It's a pity that they have only been going on for fifty years, and if they can continue to do it for a hundred years, maybe they will really succeed.

The Hungarians' brutal policy of assimilation has made the local ethnic antagonism strong. But the Hungarians now held the entire historical territory of the Kingdom of Hungary, and they had absolute political power in Transylvania. When the local ethnic groups have no ability to resist, they can only choose to emigrate from abroad.

Historically, when Hungary was counted in 1869, 59% of the total population of Transylvania 4224436 were Dacians (Wallachians), 25% were Hungarians, and 9.5% were Germans 4032851.

In the absence of large-scale wars, the spread of large-scale diseases, and the abundance of local agricultural resources, the total population was reduced by 200,000, and at the same time, the population of the rest of the world was growing rapidly, mainly because of the ethnic policy, which led to a large number of immigrants, the Slavic immigrants under Hungarian rule began to migrate to the United States in large numbers, and the Dacians of Transylvania migrated along the Danube to their fellow people Wallachia and Moldova, Wallachia, in particular, attracts the most Transylvanians.

As a result, the proportion of Dacians in Transylvania fell from 59 percent to 57 percent, Germans from 9.5 percent to 9.0 percent, and only Hungarians, an increase of 26 percent, an increase of one percentage point. However, in terms of actual population, the total number of Hungarians has even decreased slightly, by one or two hundred thousand, which shows that the policy of national oppression has actually caused problems for the survival of Hungarians, but they are better than other ethnic groups, so they have grown relatively, while other ethnic groups have lost a lot.

Although the Kingdom of Hungary has only begun to implement these policies for a year or two, and this situation of migration has only just begun, it is often at the beginning that the revolt is the strongest, or at least the resentment. It's like shaving your hair and making it easy to wear, at first the Han people can fight to the death, but after a decade or two, they will be appointed.

This revolt prompted revolt to coincide with riots in Transylvania and Wallachia when the Russians drove the Austrian army out of Moldova. The Transylvanians demanded independence from the Kingdom of Hungary, and they were also willing to continue to recognize the royal power of the Austrian Emperor, who wanted to establish the Duchy of Transylvania. The Wallachians wanted an independent principality, and they wanted to unite with Transylvania, and even Moldova from Russia to form an independent Roman kingdom of Dacia.

Russia did not intend to promote national movements in these regions, but these national movements nevertheless used Russian power, and then the problem was troublesome, Austria-Hungary was in trouble, and Russia was also in trouble.