Winter goes to spring, several years have passed in a blink of an eye, and now it is March of the fifth year of the great cause, and from August of the third year of Renshou, Yang Yong has actually become the emperor for three and a half years.

In the past three years, Yang Yong has done five things: first, to redivide the local administrative areas, to withdraw and merge some duplicate prefectures and counties, second, to rebuild the law, third, to vigorously promote official learning, fourth, to start the construction of the Yongji Canal, and fifth, to build warships.

During the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the local administration was chaotic, and in the last years of the Zhou Dynasty, there were 210 prefectures, 580 counties, and 1124 counties; After pacifying Chen, Sui gained 30 states, 100 counties, and 400 counties in the Southern Dynasties. Therefore, at the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, there were 241 prefectures, 680 counties, and 1,524 counties.

Basically, a state has five to six counties, but the county level is a virtual entity, and the official structure is so bloated that the court is so embarrassed that at the end of the year, it is impossible to even pay the salaries of officials.

In the third year of the emperor's reign, Yang Nut broke off the land and dismissed the county of the world, and implemented a two-level administrative division system with the state leading the county. In the ninth year of Kaihuang (589), after pacifying Nanchen and unifying the whole country, Yang Jian implemented the system of administrative divisions at the state and county levels to the whole country, and by the time of Renshou, there were still nearly 2,000 local administrative units.

After Yang Yong ascended the throne, the court re-changed the state to a county, and withdrew and annexed some states and counties, with a great cause of five years, with 190 counties and 1255 counties in the country. Compared with the Renshou period, one-fifth of the counties were reduced, and one-fifth of the counties were reduced.

So many administrative areas have been withdrawn, naturally produced a lot of officials who have gone to their posts, however, these officials are not without a place to go, the Great Sui is the time of vigorous development, the court set up a division in the county, the history of the fifteen members, the post of supervision, the construction and management of the canal and a large number of officials, plus the great development of the textile industry to the Ministry of Industry and the Ministry of Household and added a lot of officials. Except for a small number of officials who were really incapable, they were basically given new official positions, and after the abolition and annexation of one-fifth of the local administrative areas, the total number of officials in the five years of the Great Cause increased compared with the first year of the Great Cause.

This is also a matter of no choice, for a court, with the longer the peace after the founding of the country, the more officials will be. Until the later period, there would even be a large number of redundant officials and redundant personnel, which was undoubtedly a model in the Song Dynasty, so that it was overkill in the Ming Dynasty. During the Wanli period, there were still a large number of vacancies in official positions, the court relied entirely on the local gentry for control of the local land, and the people had a lot of wealth, but the government's taxes were pitiful, and the tax increase could only fall on the poorest people, and was finally crushed by the peasant uprising and foreign invasion.

Too many officials are not good, but too few officials can also cause problems. A balance has to be found. At present, the ratio of officials and people in the Great Sui is still at a very low level, and there is no need to worry about the increase of officials for the time being, and the withdrawal and annexation of local administrative areas is only to better implement the control of the local court by the court. Dramatically reduce the duplication of institutions.

The SHKP Law has been promulgated in the third year of Daye, and compared with the Kaihuang Law, the number of articles has increased from 12 to 16, and there are four more contracts, transportation, health, and patents than before.

The first three are well understood, and the contract is a good thing for a businessman. Previously there were house deeds though. Title deeds and other things, though. Most of the businessmen's transactions still rely on moral constraints, only oral agreements, and the contract in addition to moral constraints, clearly put the content of the transaction between the two parties on paper, when it first came out, many businessmen still follow the original practice, and did not have much interest in the contract, and later tasted the sweetness, the proportion of contracts signed in the purchase and sale is getting higher and higher.

Since the introduction of the two laws on transportation and sanitation, the travel and sanitation conditions in the capital have greatly improved, at least there will be no more people on horseback on the streets, and there will be no big livestock manure everywhere.

It's just a patent but it's a little confusing, until a female weaver once again improved the spinning machine and doubled the efficiency of weaving again, and the agricultural college spent 10,000 yuan to buy the patent, and other weaving factories must pay patent fees to use it.

So far, the Ministry of Industry has set up a patent office at the same time to receive people who want to apply for patents, but most of the patents applied for are destined not to be granted, because their applications are all general-purpose things, and only some secret recipes or newly improved technologies will be patented, but there are many craftsmen and Taoist priests who practice Dan to apply for patents have been approved. When you sell it, you get a windfall.

The largest patent fee was produced in March of the fourth year of the great cause, a family surnamed Cao below Xuanzhou Jing County, changed the ancestors of the Han Dynasty Cai Lun disciple Kong Dan with the white paper made of the green sandalwood tree to improve, to create far better than the previous paper of the rice paper, this kind of paper is pure white and fine, the texture is clear, it is not brittle, it will not fade, and the descendants praise its paper for a thousand years, especially suitable for writing.

At that time, the wind of reading in the country was blazing, if it could be produced on a large scale, it would definitely bring rolling wealth to the Cao family, but it was a pity that although the Cao family had been engaged in paper production for generations, the family property was almost tossed after the rice paper was made, and it was impossible to produce it on a large scale.

Don't want to, as soon as the application is handed over, the patent will be approved immediately, and it will be the College of Agriculture alarmed, the dean of the College of Agriculture, Zou Wenteng, the former housekeeper of the East Palace, personally dispatched, proposed 50,000 yuan to buy out the patent for the production of rice paper, the Cao family is just a medium-sized family, since the ancestors began to do paper business, the family property has never exceeded 500 yuan, and now it is the family property tossed and polished, and the cost of entering Beijing is still to make up, as soon as I heard that the Agricultural College wants to buy the patent with 50,000 yuan, the head of the family surnamed Cao was dizzy, and almost agreed. However, after all, the shopkeeper Cao was born in business, and he had the shrewdness of a businessman in his bones, so he still resisted the temptation, and finally the Agricultural College invested in the production of rice paper with a patent fee of 50,000 yuan, plus no less than 50,000 yuan, and the two shared the patent, and the two sides shared 28 shares. The Cao family accounted for 20% of them, and the College of Agriculture won the patent.

After a year, the shopkeeper Cao couldn't help but admire that he was not stunned by 50,000 yuan, and the rice paper caused a sensation as soon as it was listed, causing a rush to buy, and the readers were proud of using rice paper, and finally this trend extended to the court. Even the recitals of the court were all switched to rice paper, and when they invested, they made a profit of 50,000 yuan that year, according to the two-percent share. The Cao family received 10,000 dividends.

God, this is only the first year, and it will become more and more popular in the future, and the annual profit is definitely not more than 50,000, 100,000, 200,000, if it is calculated in 50 years. I am afraid that the wealth brought by this patent to the Cao family will reach millions.

The Cao family sometimes can't help but have a thought. If it can be monopolized, then the profit is more than tens of millions, but the shopkeeper Cao can only think about it, don't say that he has no start-up capital, even if he has funds, if the profits are exclusively enjoyed by the Cao family, I don't know how many open and secret battles will be caused, but the Agricultural College is different. That's the emperor's inner library, who dares to fight the emperor's inner library's idea? Rather than the possibility of flying at any time, it is better to take the two elements steadily, not to mention that the Cao family has been linked to the inner library since then, as long as they do not plot to rebel. I'm afraid you can walk sideways on the ground.

The term of the patent is 50 years, as in later generations. In fact, 50 years is too long, and many later patents are less than 10 years. Twenty years has long been outdated, the patent is too long but hinders social progress, but many developed countries in later generations like to limit the development of underdeveloped countries, in Yang Yong's mind, the patent term of 20 to 30 years should be a suitable period, but now due to traffic, the slow transmission of information, there is nothing wrong with 50 years, not to mention that the Great Sui will almost certainly always be ahead of the world, and it doesn't matter if the patent period is longer.

In the past three years, the imperial court's investment in government education has also increased on a large scale every year, and in the second year of the Great Cause, 100,000 yuan of money, 200,000 quintals of grain was already a large amount of money compared with before, and in the fifth year of the Great Cause, this money has rapidly increased to 800,000 yuan of money and 1.6 million quintals of grain, an eightfold increase in three years, and an average of double every year.

In order to encourage the children of the poor to join the government school, the court not only did not charge fees, but also vigorously subsidized the official students, and each student who entered the county school could receive the same copper coin and four stone rice per year, and the student who entered the county school could receive the same treatment of 0500 wen and 6 stone rice per year.

Whether it is a county student or a county student, this income is enough to support themselves, of course, relying entirely on this life will inevitably lead to poverty, and it also provides them with a certain way out, most of the teachers are from the former high-achieving official students, the teacher's treatment is about six to twenty times that of the student, that is to say, the highest annual income of the teacher has reached 20 yuan, 40 stone of rice, although it is not as good as the county master, but it is much higher than the income of the government service and ordinary forbidden army soldiers, and the low income has also reached the level of the general government service, It is possible to feed a family.

Nowadays, the price of grain is getting lower and lower, the capital is only 11 or 2 Wen of rice, and the lowest price of grain in the south has fallen to 7 or 8 Wen 1 bucket, a strong laborer is tired and tired for a year, ploughing twenty or thirty acres of land, and can only make about fifty or sixty stone grain a year, that is, he does not eat or drink, and the value is only four or five yuan, and the treatment is far worse than that of teachers, and the doll can receive money and grain when he goes to school, where is there such a good thing.

Under such circumstances, the court immediately took measures to restrict the number of students who were admitted to the government schools and adopted the method of examinations to admit them.

At the same time, the content of government education has also been greatly changed, introducing arithmetic, physics, chemistry and other contents. Most of the textbooks used in these contents were compiled by Yang Yong based on his own memory, among which Yang Yong's former adopted students such as Lu Mulin and others also made a lot of efforts.

Many things can not be verified under the conditions at the time, plus memory errors, naturally mistakes and omissions are inevitable, however, there are also a lot of things that are easy to understand, but people have not summarized and sorted out, many people have a feeling of sudden realization after reading it, and they will not be too exclusive to some things that cannot be verified temporarily, but in the spirit of doubt.

Of course, Yang Yong does not expect everyone to immediately use these contents as truth, if this is the case, no matter how advanced the knowledge will become stagnant, Yang Yong just opens a door to observe affairs in this era, it turns out that the things that are usually seen are so useful, as long as someone can go down this road, it will naturally have more and more impetus to society.

Basically, in addition to the Confucian classics, the content taught by the official school is almost equivalent to the knowledge level of junior high school in later generations, and the county school has some high school content, however, these knowledge systems are not complete, after all, no matter how good Yang Yong's memory is, it is impossible to remember all the content he has learned before, and he can only think of where to remember.

In addition to the county school and the county school, the highest level is the seven colleges of Guozi, Taixue, and the four schools, calligraphy, arithmetic, law, and medicine set up in the capital.

During the Kaihuang period, the three schools were changed to six schools, Guozi, Taixue, and four schools taught Confucian classics, and calligraphy, arithmetic, and law were used as specialties to train specialized talents.

Today, there are more than 10,000 students in the seven universities in the capital alone, and each school has more than 1,000 students, which is of course incomparable with the tens of thousands of universities in later generations, but compared to the schools at this time, they are large-scale, and each school can receive up to 20,000 yuan and tens of thousands of stone meters of running funds a year.