The specific principle of the Dutch technicians could not be said, anyway, the quality of the French rifle with a complex process was well-known in Europe.

The Dutch also introduced the Spanish barrel making technology, Spain as one of the earliest countries in Europe to use rifles on a large scale, Spain's Mustek rifle was once known for its excellent performance in Europe, the British made the barrel by flat coil, and the overlapping parts used for forging and welding on both sides were about half an inch, and the Spaniards simply rolled it twice. Although this method increases the amount of work during welding, the quality of the connection is obviously higher than that of the British.

According to the books of the Ming Dynasty in China, the Ming Dynasty's Lu Mi Gong also used the double-layer rolling method, and the quality was praised by Xu Guangqi and other scholars, but unfortunately, the management of the Ming Dynasty's government-run workshops made it impossible for them to strictly follow the procedures, resulting in the performance of similar weapons in Europe.

The Spanish double-rolled method produced rifles that performed better than the British, but the British were not convinced, insisting that the Spanish rifles were superior because of the better quality of the Spanish iron, not because of the better craftsmanship.

Although British rifles are not known for their excellent quality in the West, after comparison, Zhou Lang still chose to promote British technology in the Fuzhou Arsenal, for the simple reason that the British rifle production process is the most concise. Zhou Lang also chose the Indian model of the brown bass rifle designed by the East India Company for finalized production, because the Indian model is the concise of the concise.

Britain is a country of small merchants, less stubborn with complicated procedures and superior quality than the French, but cost-oriented.

In Europe, under the premise of ensuring the power of the French rifle, the French have meticulously carved the details of the rifle, and even engraved complex patterns on the butt and barrel, making the French rifle synonymous with perfection and sophistication. It can be said that the direction of improvement of the French rifle is the pursuit of excellence.

The British rifle, with the power of the brown bass, the biggest improvement is to reduce the cost, of course, the premise is to ensure the basic quality, the British of small merchant habits, in the past, often produced inferior weapons, and like the firearms of the Ming and Qing dynasties in China, the phenomenon of frequent explosions often occurred, causing the army to complain greatly, complaining that "we buried more fingers than buried corpses...".

The solution of the British is to introduce perfect quality control and unified technology, in fact, it is the standardized production of later generations, they stipulate strict quality requirements and process supervision, and stipulate a unified caliber and model, which is the birth of brown bass.

That was in 1722.

In the decades that followed, the British army continued to equip the weapon with a stereotyped weapon, and continued to improve it, again in the direction of standardization and low cost.

On the British rifle, there are no cumbersome ornaments, no beautiful ornaments, and all unnecessary designs are streamlined.

After decades of improvement, the brown bass cannot be called the best of the European contemporaries in terms of performance, but in terms of production technology, it can be called the most concise of its contemporaries, and the parts of the British rifle will always be less than that of the French rifle.

The East India Company's virtues were exactly the same as those of his home country, and they were still excessive, so the East India Company's specially improved brown bass for the Indian army continued to develop in the direction of streamlining and cost savings, shortening the barrel length of the British brown bass, and reducing even the worthless through-bar sleeve by one, from four to three.

This Indian brown bass, which has been improved to the extreme and is also cheap to the extreme, is actually not looked down on by the British army at all, and is called an economical brown bass. However, cheap quality does not necessarily mean that it will not work, and all the improvements of the British are based on maintaining power, otherwise the British will not always be victorious in Europe, where wars are frequent.

This Indian economic brown bass that the British don't look down on, there is not much discount on power, the shortened barrel does not significantly reduce the range and power of the bullet, as for the accuracy of the long rifle, accuracy is not something that the smoothbore gun should pursue, the only power to be reduced, should be because the shortened barrel caused by the bayonet fight is unfavorable.

But the East India Company was accustomed to solving problems with shooting in India, so the role of the bayonet declined, and only then did it boldly shorten the barrel.

Zhou Lang chose the East India Company's brown bass plan, of course, not from the perspective of cost, he paid more attention to quality.

What Zhou Lang values is that the manufacturing process of this rifle is simple, and the production process is very mature, and it can be manufactured as quickly as possible. Historically, during the British War against Napoleon, large-scale conscription and a large amount of aid to the armies of other European countries led to a serious shortage of weapons in stock, and as a result, the East India Company was asked to help produce them.

The East India Company used India's large number of low-wage craftsmen to mass-produce the Indian brown bass, and by the end of the Napoleonic Wars, it had produced 1.6 million Indian brown basses for the British.

Zhou Lang is now in urgent need of weapons and equipment, and on the premise that the quality basically meets the requirements, he can't be as nitpicking as the French, so this Indian brown bass, which is the most convenient to produce quickly in large quantities, has become his first choice.

Under Zhou Lang's great attention, sufficient capital injection, high salaries were spent to hire Qing army craftsmen and folk craftsmen, 30,000 blacksmiths were recruited in a short period of time, and a large number of ready-made houses were purchased and transformed into arsenals.

Even Henry Pitt, who came to inspect the situation, said that Zhou Lang had now established the largest arsenal in the Far East.

But this arsenal is not simply large-scale, although the manufacturing environment, equipment is still insufficient, but Zhou Lang insists on using the most stringent process.

Hire a British and Dutch technical team as a supervisor, move the Western technology process directly over, and then let the local craftsmen strictly implement it.

Moreover, he abandoned the element of national sentiment and allowed the British and Dutch supervision teams to improve the traditional Chinese craftsmanship, for example, the British believed that the iron produced in Fujian had many impurities, which had an impact on the quality of weapons, and Zhou Lang supported the British to establish a British blast furnace in Fuzhou to make iron.

How many impurities in iron, one aspect is the influence of iron ore quality, China's iron ore often contains phosphorus, sulfur content is higher, resulting in brittle iron, toughness decline, on the other hand, is the fuel problem of ironmaking, China's coal contains phosphorus, sulfur content is also higher, iron smelted with coal, naturally contains phosphorus, sulfur such harmful impurities more.

The quality of iron ore cannot be changed for the time being, and it is not realistic to purchase iron ore from India, but the fuel can be worked on, Zhou Lang adopted the advice of the British supervision team, according to the British way, first the coal is refined into coke, and before the coke oven is built, wood is used as fuel.

The smelted iron is forged more rigorously than in Europe to remove more impurities before it can be used as a raw material for production.

In order to reduce the labor cost of forging, the British also helped design the hydraulic forging hammer, and established a number of professional forging workshops by taking advantage of the characteristics of Fujian's many streams.

In fact, most of the production tools and equipment are made by these technicians themselves, and then Chinese craftsmen make a lot of copies to expand the scale.

Fortunately, the engineering and technical personnel of this era are often all-rounders, and the technical professional level is of course not as good as that of the professional and technical personnel of later generations, but the comprehensive level is extremely high, and often an engineer is a person who is familiar with the whole set of links and processes of a certain operation.

With the help of the British and the Dutch, the technical level of the Fuzhou Arsenal was greatly improved, and the management and technological level also reached the European level.

This is what Zhou Lang values most, it is not difficult to establish the largest factory in China, it is difficult to establish a factory with the highest management level and process level.

Now Zhou Lang has established an arsenal with the most scientific management methods, the most standard technological processes, the most advanced technical equipment, the most stringent quality requirements, and the largest scale, which dares to say that she is the first arsenal in the Far East.

The only thing that makes Zhou Lang a little regretful is that the machinery and equipment designed and manufactured by the British do not have the appearance of the industrial era as he imagined, the main body of the machine parts is actually wooden, and only in a precision part such as an injection steering, iron parts are used.

Moreover, it can be driven by manpower, animal power and water power, and there is no need for a steam engine, which is very unindustrial!

However, Zhou Lang learned that in fact, in Britain, the steam engine was not popularized in military production, and the machinery and equipment supporting the steam engine could not meet the quality requirements of the military level, but the handmade weapons were of better quality.

In Britain, steam power is mainly used in the textile industry, as well as some production fields that require simple actions, the popularity is not high, the number of steam engines authorized by Watt is only a few hundred, and the first steam spinning mill in Britain has only been established for ten years, and the steam engine is on the European continent, and even mainly used as a rare gadget for exhibition.

The real industrial revolution was not driven by the steam engine, but by a series of technologies such as the Jenny spinning machine and the shuttle, which could be applied to the production of large factories on a large scale.

But for China, the European technology before the appearance of the steam engine, China has it. Water spinning machines, China's Tang and Song dynasties appeared and were generally used by the Chinese for spinning, spinning and spinning, but starting from the steam engine, the new technology that appeared in Europe, China completely could not catch up.

Because the technology before the steam engine can basically be classified as the craftsmen through the experience of the summary and exploration, from the steam engine, it has become a practical application based on more advanced mechanical principles and scientific theories, when Watt improved the steam engine, Newtonian mechanics was repeatedly deduced and calculated, which is fundamentally different from the process of craftsmen manufacturing machines in the past.

The machine produced by the craftsman can be regarded as the tool of the craftsman, while the machine after the steam engine is the invention of the inventor.

Zhou Lang did not delve into the economic implications, but he was very interested in the steam engine, believing that it was the basis of industrial production, so he hoped that British technicians could study whether they could use the steam engine in his arsenal.