Obviously, the French were tricked, mainly by the small court of Nguyen Phuc Minh, and the French originally thought that they would definitely abide by the agreement signed by the Ming and Vietnam together under the witness of the British. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

Who would have thought that Nguyen Phuc Minh, a teenager, would turn his face and deny it, and suddenly say that the French army had done all kinds of evil in Vietnam, saying that it was inseparable from the French, and that if the French army did not withdraw from Vietnam, it would never fight with the French, and he also claimed that he would send Wang Shi to completely drive out the French.

Why did Ruan Phuc Minh breathe so much, because he claimed to have 100,000 soldiers.

He may really be able to recruit so many people, but if he suddenly recruits so many people, how can he ensure that he will not recruit a group of rabble?

The French claimed that the Ming army had changed their clothes and joined the Vietnamese army, and the Vietnamese claimed that these were all divisions that captured kings all over Vietnam.

In short, 100,000 people went south, and at least 50,000 of them were also wearing Vietnamese-style brave uniforms, but they could walk, sit and lie down like soldiers.

The armament is even more sophisticated, with rear-loading rifled rifles, rear-loading rifled cannons, and cavalry equipped with French cavalry knives.

From Baosheng, they went down the Red River and swept the French armed forces all the way.

The Chinese along the way are extremely powerful, south of the Red River to the Heishui River, sandwiched between a Huanglian Mountain, known in Chinese history as the Ten Continents region, specifically the Ten Continents no one knows, but this region is called the Ten Continents, which is the key area for the southward migration of Chinese in history, starting from Yunnan, it is easy to settle here along the Red River, so there are more Chinese immigrants here than in the mountainous areas of the northern part of Vietnam.

As early as the Qianlong period, the Qing court found that there were Chinese people gathered in this area, Qianlong 47 years of the Qing court edict said, "Anxi west of the ten continents, the road is far away, because of the soldiers, the mainland nomads take advantage of this to mix with the Vietnam", the Qianlong era of the Manchu Qing Dynasty is very unwilling to accept immigrants, the investigation of the ten continents of immigrants, is to let Vietnam send these immigrants back to China, not that the Qing court loves its own people, but is worried that some Chinese out of their control, the rise of rebellion.

There is a record that "Shizhou has long been a gathering of Cantonese people, the mountains and rivers are steep, and this can become a small tribe", the Chinese here are actually self-contained, in the early years, Huang Chongying was entrenched here, with the Yellow Flag as the name, called the Yellow Flag Army. After Liu Yongfu helped the Vietnamese government suppress the Yellow Flag Army, the Yellow Flag Army retreated south into the mountains, along the south bank of the Red River, most of which was occupied by the Black Flag Army. The rest of the Yellow Flag Army was collected by Ye Chenglin, the general of Huang Chongying's army, in the mountains, so that he could continue to fight against the Black Flag Army.

Now that Nguyen Phuc Minh's army has entered this area, the land reclaimed by the Black Flag Army on the bank of the Red River has been continuously recovered, and the Ye Cheng Lin army of Shizhou in the south has also gone down the mountain to help in the battle.

In 1886, the Ming New Year, which was also the Vietnamese New Year, not only did the military operations not stop, but the flag of the Vietnamese royal division arrived in Hanoi on this day, and heavy artillery began to bombard the Hanoi street market, the French fortress.

Since the Ming Dynasty did not participate in the war, the French always controlled the waterways, and they had sufficient supplies and could afford to consume them. But their forces are effective, the troops defending Hanoi have been increased many times, and there are only more than 30,000 people, no matter how many people are placed here, France's own supply will have problems, in the case of giving priority to ensuring the suppression of the uprising of the squires in Zhongqi, France thinks that the defense of Hanoi is solid, but he can't calculate it by all means, and Nguyen Phuc Minh's deflated three can still get heavy artillery.

In the end, it was not the heavy artillery that solved the problem, although Hanoi was almost all razed to the ground by heavy artillery, but the French still held on, and what made them choose to give up was that the opponent's tunnel dug in front of their fortified positions and trenches, and broke through their positions by blasting.

The French were unwilling to engage in a short-handed battle with the other side with the superiority of the opponent's forces, so they took the initiative to retreat from Hanoi, all the way by water, all the way by land, to Haiphong.

After the occupation of Hanoi, the Vietnamese royal division did not continue to pursue the French army, but rested on the spot in Hanoi, after which they did not intend to pursue the French army along the Red River, but went directly south, they planned to enter the provinces of Thanh Hoa, Nghe An and other provinces, and get in touch with the gentry uprising that was in full swing there.

Time entered 1866, more squires began to raise troops, Nguyen Thien Shu in Hung Yen Province led the Ludang Uprising, Song Weixin in Thanh Hoa Province led the Xiongling Uprising, and Pham Peng in Thanh Hoa Province led the Ba Dinh Uprising, among which Nguyen Thien Shu's rebel army had a wide range of activities, including the rebel army in Hung Yen, Hai Duong, Bac Ninh, Lunan and other provinces.

It is worth mentioning that these people were all Vietnamese officials, the most influential local gentry, and it is obvious that their uprising is of the same nature as the squire regiment training in Guangdong against the British and French forces at that time, so the uprising of these gentry can be regarded as the resistance movement of Vietnamese scholars and doctors, and there is no difference between the volunteers organized by the local gentry in the late Ming and Song dynasties in China, which is cultural consistency.

This kind of organized uprising, led by the gentry and even the gentry class, was obviously more effective than the revolt of the common people, and the revolt of Pan Tingfeng lasted from 1885 to 1896 until his death, which lasted for eleven years. Nguyen Thien Suh's uprising lasted three years, from 1886 to 1889. The uprising led by Fan Peng lasted a year. The uprising of the Song Restoration lasted six years.

Just like the Americans in history, as long as the civil resistance in Vietnam is truly aroused, although it is impossible to hit the French head-on, it will drag them to exhaustion, and finally withdraw in embarrassment.

The reason why the historical France were able to rule Vietnam was that they learned the lessons of Guangdong and knew that only the Chinese could rule the Chinese, and in the same way, only the Vietnamese could rule the Vietnamese, so they were very smart to retain the Vietnamese king, and when dealing with the civil forces, they let the Vietnamese small court come forward to control the more, in this regard, the East Asian peoples influenced by Chinese culture are completely different from the Indian peoples who are more likely to submit.

But now, the French were faced with a very unfavorable situation, that is, the Vietnamese king was no longer under their control, but basically controlled by the Ming Dynasty.

In fact, from the moment Nguyen Phuc Minh arrived in Hanoi, the French colonization of Vietnam was already doomed to fail.

To make matters worse, the French were deceived by Nguyen Phuc Minh, or the Ming government, into issuing a proclamation in Vietnam recognizing Nguyen Phuc Minh's legitimacy, and they did so because they believed that once they announced the abolition of their own Dong Thanh Emperor, they could greatly reduce the hostility of the local gentry.

Who knew that they were the first to show sincerity, but Ruan Phuc Minh did not admit it, the Ming Dynasty, which is known as the most civilized country in East Asia, even disregarded the rules of international diplomacy and refused to recognize the treaty they signed.

But the matter has come to this point, and the lawsuit is also a bad lawsuit, France said that the Ming did not abide by the diplomatic agreement, and the Ming accused France of not being able to maintain law and order.

As for accusing Nguyen Phuc Minh's small court, forget it, it's not shameful enough, then he is nominally his own protector, but he wants to negotiate diplomatic rules with his own protector in the international arena? Ruan Phuc Minh can be shameless, but France still has to be faced.

However, they have already announced the abolition of Emperor Dong Khanh, which makes them extremely passive, and even if they announce the establishment of Emperor Dong Khanh, it will not have the slightest value, but will further reduce the prestige of France in Vietnam because of the change of imperial decrees, and once again make France an international joke.

In a fit of rage, France decided to continue to increase the number of troops to 400,000 in Vietnam.

Nguyen Phuc Minh's so-called "Wang Shi" showed quite strong combat effectiveness in the process of moving south from Hanoi. Along the way, they received enthusiastic support from the local squires, and the army grew in size, and the rebels were not able to exert their strength in battle, but they were hard-working enough as miscellaneous servants.

On the other hand, the transportation and supply of the French were constantly harassed, and the forcibly requisitioned coolies also beat the French army from time to time, which made the French army extremely nervous, and the relationship with the locals continued to deteriorate, and there were many cases of shooting and killing the people who worked for them.

Under these circumstances, the French army lost two consecutive battles with the Vietnamese royal division in Thanh Hoa Province, and was completely driven out of Thanh Hoa Province by the royal division, and this news immediately spread throughout Vietnam as good news to inspire the army. And the slogan of "Fighting the Law and Welcoming the King" also resounded in the north and south.

Wherever Wang Shi went, the local government, which the French did not destroy, immediately welcomed Wang Shi and immediately played the traditional government function, helping Wang Shi to levy people's husbands, transport materials, and call on the squires to donate money and materials.

The French suddenly found that they had fought a costly land war against the "royal division" in Vietnam, which turned out to be against them, because the other side was able to use local labor in an orderly and low-cost manner, while the French had to pay a high cost of security before they could use these less reliable labor.

In the mountains, jungles and swamps of Vietnam, where transportation is not convenient, the French could not afford to fight this kind of war, so they could only retreat to the south one by one, and the uprising areas they recovered, the people who were suppressed by them, took the initiative to stand under the banner of Wang Shi one by one, and responded to the call of Emperor Nguyen Phuc Minh, who already had a great reputation for his talents, to go south.

The French army retreated all the way south, fought a battle in Nghe An province, and hurriedly ceded the province, and in Ha Tinh province without even firing a shot, they hurriedly withdrew south, and retreated south after a slight contact in Quang Binh, but in Quang Tri province, the French planned to fight a good battle, and after a hard battle, the French army, which had withdrawn from its habit, was routed southward.

At this point, the French army shrank to Hue, and Wang's division was in the capital.

But at this time, both sides invariably stopped.

Because for Wang Shi, the geographical advantage no longer exists, in the north of Quang Tri Province, using the official roads built by the Vietnamese government, using the way of requisitioning people, they can transport war materials more efficiently than the French, and have more adequate supplies, but all this is reversed in Hue, because from Hue to Saigon, there are railways built by the French, with the help of modern technology, France is more advantageous here.

For the French army, the repeated retreats made the troops' morale extremely weak, their statistics on the way to retreat casualty rate, even higher than when the outbreak of a frontal war, difficult to adapt to the tropical climate, pervasive terrorist insects, wandering around the local people who may attack the French army at any time, all of which made the nervous French soldiers feel exhausted, morale is extremely low, long ago no longer for the original ambition to open up territory for France, began to miss the beautiful scenery by the Seine, so the French officers felt, Their soldiers need more rest.

In addition, for the third party, the Ming Dynasty, at this time, strategic disagreements broke out internally, and the military hoped to start the war as soon as possible and eat the French expeditionary force corps before France could reinforce the Vietnamese forces. The Herder government still hoped that the French would declare war first, and the Ming would fight back, so as to gain absolute political superiority.

And this time, Hurd's civilian government was supported by the Army, which said that even in the unfavorable situation of naval warfare, as long as the army's logistical supply could be guaranteed, the army could drive the French out of Vietnam.

The reason why the army dared to say this was because in contact with the French regular army, they suddenly found that the French army was a group of soft eggs, and they could pinch it as much as they wanted.

It was precisely because of the judgment of the army that the civilian government was determined to seek full blame, and it did not hesitate to risk a decisive battle between the navy and the main force of the French navy, but also wanted to win all the advantages and refused to leave a stain.

But before they wanted to take a reassuring pill, they hoped that the army would act as soon as possible to capture Hue before the arrival of the main French naval force, and then threaten Da Nang. In this way, even if the main force of the French navy arrives, it will not be able to use the Vietnamese Chinese port of Da Nang as a base to go north, so that France's sea supremacy will be compressed to the south of Da Nang, if the army can capture Da Nang, then the Ming will extend the sea supremacy to central and southern Vietnam, and directly force Saigon, the core of the Indochina colony.

So by mid-1886, the Vietnamese royal division finally began to act again, officially launching an attack on Hue.

At this time, the strength of the Vietnamese royal division was still 100,000, but the number of captured Wang Yi troops in various places that cooperated with them in the battle was as many as 300,000, and the number of people who transported supplies reached 1 million.

Supplying one soldier with ten men made the king's division relatively sufficient, even better than the French army, which needed to be supplied from Europe. Because what they need to carry is just some weapons and equipment, and the grain is basically raised locally in Vietnam, which is a rice exporter and is not short of food.

Under the condition that all the conditions were fully met, the Vietnamese royal division began to attack Hue, and they could even use artillery to engage in artillery battles with the French army without interruption, but the imaginary situation of easily conquering Hue did not happen, and after the two sides suffered losses from each other, Hue entered the stage of stalemate.

In the first stage of the Restoration War in the history of the Vietnam War, the southern expedition stage of the Wang Division ended, and it began to enter the stage of Ming reinforcement, because the Ming Dynasty soon joined the war, and in the end, France declared war first, because the French capital ships arrived in Vietnam.