120. The cavity effect of bullets
Everyone was patient, and finally waited for Instructor Li to finish the bullets, and then pulled everyone to the shooting range, many veterans were still a little excited, after all, they wanted to play with this legendary world's most advanced rifle with their own hands.
Sangou was even more excited, feeling that the gun in his hand was also about to move, and he was about to show off his skills, watching Instructor Li skillfully pull the bolt, press the bullet, pluck the bumper, and fire, "bang", the bullet was discharged, and the action was done in one go.
Each person received five bullets, took turns to go to the shooting range in a row, first shot in a lying position, and under the instructor's command, Sangou completed the loading and firing, and shot the first bullet in his life.
Even though he learned the instructor's movements and put the butt of the gun on his right shoulder, the recoil after the gun was fired really made Sangou feel a backlash.
Although it was hard to push the butt, the barrel would still jump at the moment of shooting, but it didn't matter, Instructor Li said, a single-shot rifle is not afraid of this.
Because the Type 98 (the abbreviation of the German-made Mauser 1898 rifle), although it can press five bullets, it cannot be fired in bursts like a machine gun, and can only be fired single, that is, one shot at a time, and after each bullet, the bolt and bumper need to be pulled again.
The recoil force is caused by the reaction force of the gunpowder gas violently sprayed out of the muzzle at the moment when the warhead leaves the muzzle, and the warhead has already left the muzzle at this time.
Due to this, the recoil effect on the hit of a single shot is very small; But it has a great impact on continuous firing, because the recoil has affected the position of the gun body, so most of the machine guns that are fired in bursts are fixed with a support frame.
Just as Sangou was still feeling the shock of the shooting, the other students had already started to open the ping-pong pong, and after a while, they finished firing five bullets.
After everyone checked the gun and turned off the insurance, they stood up and stepped back, allowing the back row to follow; Sangou reacted from the excitement just now.
The veterans got together to talk about the performance and stability of the new gun, and Sangou also learned a lot of crooked methods that the instructors did not teach, such as when shooting, if you want to pursue accuracy, you have to hold your breath, fire again, adjust your breathing rate and rhythm, and then fire.
If stability is desired, the strap of the gun can be pulled out of the right elbow, the left hand is diagonally supported by the gun body, and the shoulder is against the butt, so that a stable tripod will be formed to support the force.
As for aiming, in addition to the normal "three-point line" (notch, crosshair, target three-point line), there is also a silent count of 3 to 7 on the target before shooting, at this time is basically the best time to shoot, because we see the object for about 3 to 7 seconds when it is clear, after the golden time it is blurred.
If it is a dynamic target, it is necessary to calculate the speed at which the target moves, the difference between the speed of the target, the speed of the bullet, and the amount of advance should be located.
For example, the muzzle velocity of the Type 98 rifle is 755/s, the effective range is 800 (lethal within 800 meters), and the scale range is 2000 (the maximum range, not equal to the lethal range).
Then about 600 meters ahead, there is a laterally moving target, about 1/s, then the muzzle crosshair should be fired at a meter in the direction of the target's movement.
Because the Type 98 rifle, despite the muzzle velocity of 755/s, calculates the air resistance, and the bullet flies to 600 meters, which is almost a second, so there must be a one-second advance.
Du Bingwen of the 88th Division said that in fact, in actual combat, the best firing range of Type 98 is about 400 meters; Because the bullet reaches the target within a second, it is difficult for the target to react to the gunfire to dodge the bullet.
Because the speed of sound propagation is 340/s, the Type 98 rifle cartridge runs at supersonic speed within 700 meters, and it takes two seconds for a person 700 meters away to hear the gunshot, and the bullet arrives in one second, so when the gunshots are heard, they are either already shot, or they are lucky to miss.
Why didn't you hit? The reason is that the warhead is affected by factors such as air, wind direction, and even humidity during flight.
In the process of these flights, many disturbances are generated, which undermine the flight stability of the warhead, the dispersion of the warhead increases sharply, and it is offset in a random direction, and the hit rate drops sharply.
Therefore, the longer the time and distance of the bullet's flight, the greater its stability is affected by various factors, and within 400 meters, in addition to supersonic speed, the bullet has a short flight time in the air and is less affected by external factors.
The kinetic energy of the bullet is released to the best state, that is, the "stagnation ability" of the bullet is released in the best state, which is the ability of the bullet to roll and break irregularly after it enters the body, tearing human tissues, and pouring all the kinetic energy into the human body to cause destruction, which is truly fatal.
In addition, the shooting distance is too long, the kinetic energy and stability of the bullet are relatively weakened, and when it hits the human body, it rolls due to the frustration, which will also produce a cavity effect, but the principle is different. (The former is a high-pressure gas, the latter is a bullet tumbling.) )
Therefore, at a distance of less than 400 meters, the kinetic energy of the bullet is high, and it passes through the human body, causing penetrating wounds, leaving a small bullet hole in the front, and the bullet hole in the back will be larger, which is more difficult to kill.
Of course, we are talking about the small warhead of the Japanese 38 rifle, the warhead of 65; And it's just fortunate that you didn't get hit in the vital parts, you were hit in the head and chest, etc., and no matter how small the bullet hole, the probability of death is very high.
The warhead of the Type 98 rifle 792, when fired at close range, will cause the cavity effect of ballistic trauma, and the high-speed bullet will enter the body.
When the warhead penetrates the human body, due to the sudden change in the medium of motion, the warhead is unstable, but the velocity is still very high, and it moves to its periphery, so that the creation is several times or even more than ten times larger than the diameter of the warhead, which is the instantaneous space cavity.
At the same time, the high-pressure gas that enters the human body with the warhead encounters the hard tissues of the human body and rebounds out of the injection hole due to frustration (the injection hole of the warhead becomes the gas injection hole), causing the injection hole to produce a cross-shaped or star-shaped explosion, and the area of the injection hole is about 20 or 30 times that of the injection hole.
After 800 meters away, the kinetic energy of the bullet is released excessively, according to the old saying, it is the end of the strong crossbow, even if it hits the target, it cannot cause the best "stagnation ability", and the bullet barely stays in the human body, which cannot cause a fatal effect.
The instructor also talked about these professional knowledge in class, and he still listened to Sangou in horror, but since he has chosen this path, he must accept the cruelty of these, whether it is active or passive.
It's better to silently accept intensity training, such as continuing the old method, hanging a full water bottle on the muzzle of the gun, holding the gun with both hands and keeping a posture unchanged, and coming for an hour to practice the arm strength and stability of holding the gun.
It is also possible to keep the gun aimed at the target when the body is moving quickly (walking, running, looking for concealment and support), and when the body loses gravity (such as when rolling on the ground uphill).
Instructor Li combined all these and trained everyone, such as first disassembling the gun and loading the gun, holding the gun in a mountain position with a trench, calculating the distance of the target by himself, making a response and shooting.
Quickly cross multiple obstacles, while the body rolls, start to reload, and under the support, shoot at a stationary target; In the process of stealthy advance, fire at stationary targets.
In the process of running fast, shooting at moving targets (usually a humanoid target that is dangling with a rope) is fired. In the middle of the process, it is also necessary to assume that the gun in your hand is damaged, fix it in one place, replace a certain part, and then continue.
Each person's results are composed of time, the number of hits to the target and the vital parts, etc., the results of the three dogs are not bad, middle and upper level, not noticeable, not to be embarrassed, belongs to a very low-key kind.
But for a novice, in the context of being surrounded by experts, it is very powerful to be able to achieve such results, in addition to Sangou's own efforts and non-stop training.
There is also the power of knowledge, after all, Sangou was a middle school student in that era, and the knowledge structure and fundamentals have been laid, just as the foundation of the house is laid well, the framework is naturally very fast and strong.
Therefore, the speed and depth of understanding after exposure to new things are much better than that of many veteran students; The other is a body that has been trained since childhood, and has made the basic guarantee of the body.
(End of chapter)