Chen Zhiting is a scholar of Shang, he has too powerful resources, and soon various policies will be implemented.

And new policies are being promulgated all the time.

Policies to support these policies have also been introduced.

For example, he began to encourage the development of rural industries, the government can take out loans, can teach technology, but the infrastructure immediately became a problem, agricultural products to be transported out of the countryside, need good roads, the Pearl River Delta area of the water towns with developed transportation do not need to be considered, the reason why this is rich, convenient transportation is the main reason.

In later generations, Guangdong's railway transportation was backward for a long time, and important cities such as Zhuhai did not see railways 2000 years ago, but these did not affect Guangdong to become China's largest economic province, and the reason was that it was convenient for water transportation, and ocean-going ships drove directly into the port, directly bringing it into the world market, and the processing of supplied materials promoted the completion of industrialization here.

But not all rural areas are the Pearl River Delta, not all rural areas have convenient waterway transportation, especially in the northern region, the traffic is extremely backward, the cattle and horse lanes are even very luxurious, and the narrow dirt roads in many places are potholes, and you can only pass the wheelbarrow at ordinary times.

This kind of traffic is obviously very problematic, and hardening all village roads is not a problem that this era has the ability to solve.

But it is possible to get a hard road into the town.

Although the cost was also high, Chen Zhiting adopted the traditional method of organizing farmers to work for free.

The government is only responsible for procuring a part of the materials, such as stones, cement, etc., and the labor tools are all hoes and pickaxes provided by the peasants.

This mode of production is naturally inefficient, and the mechanical operation efficiency is not as high as that of the construction company, but the problem is that the periodic agricultural operation will inevitably cause most farmers to be busy and idle, rather than letting the labor force idle, it is better to organize the labor by the squire of the public bureau to work, which is the inefficient use of inefficient labor, in fact, it is to improve the efficiency.

The public bureau system, which was popularized throughout the country, played a role at this time, and those squires could not do anything else, but it was not bad to organize the peasants in the township to work, because many of the squires were landlords and had considerable management ability to manage long-term work.

Now the government has sent out bricks and cement to help harden the pavement, and they have organized manual excavation of foundations, filling in earth, and most of the building materials are even taken locally, such as earthworks, which will not cost money.

But this expenditure alone is also quite staggering, all parts of the country are engaged in infrastructure construction, the raw materials consumed are hundreds of millions, the government has an additional deficit of 100 million taels a year, and it will take three to five years to complete the hardening of roads to the town level.

Although the deficit was increased again, from 200 million yuan a year to 500 million, including 100 million yuan in subsidies for rural enterprises, 100 million yuan in urban and rural insurance, 100 million yuan in infrastructure construction, and 100 million yuan each in the army and navy, a total of 500 million yuan in fiscal deficits, which made the household department strongly oppose, Zhu Jinglun still supported these constructions.

Because this has saved more than one billion costs, if it is slowly accumulated by the industry, labor, soil and stone are capitalized, the cost is two or three billion, the key is the cost of time, it may take thirty or fifty years.

During the world economic crisis, the Chinese government began to vigorously promote the construction of new rural areas, and in the past few years, it has invested trillions of resources in the rural areas, which not only solved a large number of employment problems and made tens of millions of workers unemployed during the economic crisis without causing a social crisis, but more importantly, smashed into the rural areas and opened up a huge rural market, which in turn prevented a large number of enterprises from closing down because of the weak international market, and avoided the situation of economic collapse.

Now the world economic crisis has erupted.

The crisis began in Russia, because it has experienced the fastest economic development in the country's history, so the crisis in Russia is also extremely serious, of course, to become the source of the world economic crisis, which shows that Russia's economic status has changed from what it used to be, and they are also standing at the center of the world economy.

From 1890 to 1900, Russia laid 22,600 kilometers of railways. The coal of Donbass, the oil of Baku, and the metallurgical industry in the south have all developed, and with the help of French capital, French-style monopolies such as metallurgical transport complexes have been established, and the economic form has transitioned to monopolies. Russia has surpassed France in terms of pig iron and steel production to become the fourth largest in the world, and the length of railway lines is second only to the United States. The industrial strength surpassed that of Italy, second only to Britain, Germany, France, Austria-Hungary, and ranked fifth in Europe.

In fact, if this situation is allowed to develop, Russia, which has already started a rapid industrial revolution, is likely to become the largest industrial country in Europe after two or three cycles of industrial growth.

Unfortunately, Russia had a bad fate, first the Russo-Japanese War was hit once, then the revolution, then the First World War, then the revolution. After more than a decade in the quagmire of revolution and war, Russia collapsed and missed the opportunity for transformation.

Now, because of the economic crisis in Russia, European countries are soon being dragged in, because European countries have the closest economic ties with Russia. Russia's development was carried out mainly by foreign capital and on the import of machinery and railroad tracks, which accounted for more than 40% of the total share capital. The main investors are France, Belgium and Germany.

Driven by foreign capital and technology, Russia's rich mineral resources are constantly transformed into industrial strength and capital. But at the same time, this growth model is also very risky, because it means the colonization of the Russian economy. Growth is very fast, and crisis is also very serious, because when the economy develops, foreign capital is not only continuously invested, but also profits. But when the crisis broke out, they not only drained their investments, but they also took away their profits. Growth accelerates when it grows, and crisis exacerbates when it is crisis. All are magnified.

After the outbreak of the Russian economic crisis, France, Germany, Belgium and other countries, which had a large amount of investment in Russia, were the first to follow, followed by the United Kingdom.

At this time, there are only two countries in the world that have not completely entered a state of crisis, one is China and the other is the United States.

The U.S. economy began to decline in 1900, market confidence began to decline, and in May 1901, the New York stock market plummeted. But soon it rose again. In 1901 and 1902, fixed capital investment in the United States continued, and production of pig iron, steel, and coal increased, giving the impression that the crisis was over in the United States.

China, on the other hand, is in a state of crisis in the export areas of tea and raw silk, but heavy industry continues to invest. Driven by railways, ports, bridges, and fast-starting rural infrastructure investment, the heavy chemical industry market is good, and the investment and growth of the cement industry continue to expand. The scale of steel production has reached the level of 20 million tons of pig iron and steel, and is expanding at a rate of more than 10% per year.

It seems that China, which has opened up a huge northern economy, will not fall into a crisis.

Some economists have explained that all the economic crises in the United States will collapse with investment expansion, and after the crisis, it will be expanded to the west, and American economists believe that as long as there are frontiers, the United States can resist economic crises. The current situation in China also makes them explain that after China's reunification, the development of the north can allow China to continue to grow for 30 years, and the north is similar to China's borders.

Zhu Jinglun obviously does not have the confidence of those economists, because he knows a truth: there has never been an economic crisis in history, and there has never been an economic crisis that can be avoided by a major country, and there is no economic crisis that can be perfectly solved by policy. So it is only a matter of time before China will inevitably enter an economic crisis. Policies can only alleviate the market, and the market stimulated by policies is often inefficient. Sooner or later, it will have to be repaid, but it will be easier during periods of economic growth.

Therefore, Zhu Jinglun supported Chen Zhiting to start the construction of a new countryside, and he believed that the successful experience of later generations could withstand the impact of the economic crisis in the short term, and once it eased, the cost of the policy would be released less terrible.

In 1902, the U.S. economy was still growing, the Chinese economy was growing, and Europe was already in a general state of crisis.

The major industrial countries began to dump goods on China and the United States, and the dumping of textiles and machinery products soon caused a fierce trade conflict. The United States immediately announced that it had abandoned the 30% tax rate and raised the tax rate to 57%. The 30% tax rate was the price they paid in order to win over European countries, and it was the condition that European countries lent them money to pay the war reparations to the Ming Dynasty, in fact, there was also implicit political and military protection, otherwise the Americans themselves did not believe that the Ming would easily return the territory of the United States.

Now that the United States has refused to assume these obligations, European countries, of course, will have to boycott it.

China then changed its tariffs, raising them to 50 percent at the urging of industrial groups.

Tariff barriers have further severed the world economic ties, and in fact, it is this kind of barrier that makes the world economic crisis no longer interconnected after the economic crisis of 1873, and the time for the outbreak of crises in various countries is no longer close, because the barriers make the impact of one country's crisis on other countries decrease.

So the economies of China and the United States have not yet fallen into crisis, giving the illusion.

Trade protectionism has also made Western countries pay more attention to their colonies, because their own colonies are not qualified to close the door to themselves, and the door of the Indian market will always be open to the British Empire.

In May, Britain finally ended the Boer War, and the huge war budget of more than 200 million pounds was their biggest motivation to end the war.

Germany's blackmail against Britain during the war, covert support for the Boers, expansion in Samoa, and the economic crisis raised the call for Western countries to seize colonies, and the international situation became more tense.

During the Boer War, all European countries were anti-British, France and Russia took the opportunity to divide their sphere of influence in Turkey, Germany wanted to build railways in the Ottoman Empire, and the Ottoman Empire's geographical proximity to India made Britain extremely nervous.

The British Empire is increasingly powerless to control the situation in the world, at least by its own power alone, it is no longer able to protect the Empire's overseas interests, it needs allies, and its isolation policy needs to change urgently.