Britain was the first country to get out of the economic crisis, relying on foreign dumping and squeezing the colonies, and British production resumed growth again.

The United States is the second country to get rid of the economic crisis, after the British economy recovered, the grain from the north of the United States, the cotton from the south were exported to Britain on a large scale again, and at the same time, under the impetus of China's commercial power to develop the Black Sea oil, the oil industry in the United States also started, and the Americans also saw the oil seedlings on the ground, and then some businessmen who knew that there was such a thing as oil began to develop, and they introduced drilling technology from China and Austria, and established the oil industry faster than in history.

Driven by exports and the oil industry, the U.S. economy quickly ended the crisis and began to move into a growth phase.

Prussia has been carrying out the war of arms expansion, Bismarck repeated his old skills, completed the reform of the military service system, appointed Moltke as chief of the general staff, built a large number of war-ready railways, and the state orders were inclined to the military industry, so that heavy industry did not decline much in the economic crisis, and light industry was not Prussia's forte, so their production declined little, after the British economy recovered, foreign dumping ended, Prussian industry resumed growth, and ended the economic crisis.

This was followed by France, Austria and other countries.

The crisis in China lasted for two years, and it was only at the end of 1856, after the end of the Japanese Civil War, that it began to turn to growth.

During the economic crisis, a large number of Chinese railway companies went bankrupt, and the railway giants took the opportunity to buy the bankrupt companies at a land price, mainly because of their concessions. Of course, the railways in the hands of these companies are also important assets. The National Railway Company has acquired more than a dozen inland railway companies and incorporated their railways into its own railway trunk lines, forming a denser network, and through unified management, the efficiency of railway operation has been greatly improved. The Jiangnan and Jiangbei canal companies are targeting railway companies along the Yangtze River, and they are both trying to link the railways to the Yangtze River shipping business they operate. However, it was too difficult to build a railway to Sichuan, and in the context of the economic crisis, the two transportation giants did not have a good time. So they decided to merge their railroad businesses, combine their railroad assets and create a controlled canal railroad company to compete with the aggressive national railroad companies.

The National Railway Company and the Canal Railway Company quickly became the two major railway giants. The railway network of the national railway company covers the whole country and has the strongest power, while the canal railway is mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas and has better efficiency.

In addition to the two giants, there is also the Northeast Railway Company, which uses relatively independent geographical plates to support the development of bulk commodities such as grain and minerals. In the southeast, there is a railway network that controls Yunnan-Guizhou, Liangguang and four provinces, and radiates to Vietnam, so that China has formed a situation in which the four major railway giants coexist. The competition is not over, but has intensified. Because each has the ability and capital to build a national railway trunk line, and each has a strong financing and operation management ability. The railroad industry began to enter the era of giants.

Although the monopoly of other industries is not as high as that of the railway industry, the concentration has also increased greatly under the blow of this economic crisis.

The cotton textile industry has shrunk from 100,000 factories before the economic crisis to 60,000, but the situation of handicraft workshops has basically disappeared from the eastern seaboard, and even in Fujian, an area where rural factories have been relying on cheap water for maintenance, the last batch of workshops have also closed down, and the large steam factories have completely eliminated workshop production.

But after the end of the economic crisis, these surviving factories expanded rapidly, they were more manageable, more skilled, and in less than half a year, the number of employed workers had exceeded that of the pre-crisis period, while the total output was more than half of the pre-crisis period. Obviously, after the survival of the fittest, the efficiency has been greatly improved.

A similar situation is reflected to varying degrees in the machinery manufacturing industry, shipbuilding industry, and mining industry.

The biggest change is still in the financial industry. The financial sector is the hardest hit area, they are the makers of the bubble, and they are also the worst people to die after the bubble bursts. The public bank bailed out the market to a certain extent, but the financial sector still collapsed by as much as half. A large number of risk-conscious financial institutions have failed, including hundreds of joint-stock money companies that were previously thought impossible to fail but are still dying in the economic crisis. In particular, a large number of county-level money companies have been collecting savings at high interest rates and lending at low interest rates to seize the market, and their profit margins are already small, and their risk control is insufficient, resulting in batch bankruptcy.

The big waves are sweeping the sand, and most of the rest are some large money companies with strong capital, more self-owned funds, and stronger risk awareness. However, the barriers to entry in the financial industry are not as high as those in the railway industry, so the total number is still huge.

After this reshuffle, there are still tens of thousands of financial institutions in China. However, a number of giants began to form, with more than a dozen provincial-level money companies, the largest of which were Guangdong Money Company, Jiangsu Money Company and Zhejiang Money Company. There are five or six private banks, the largest of which are Rishengchang and Weitaihou. After this economic crisis, the people of Shanxi, who were conservative in business, made great gains, and a large number of small and medium-sized money banks in the south of the Yangtze River that competed with them in the past died in the crisis because of their bold style and rapid expansion. After the economic crisis, conservative Shanxi people accounted for half of the financial industry.

China's way of surviving the economic crisis was not to squeeze the colonies, nor did it introduce policies to restrict the colonies' industries, so that the colonies could only become markets. But after surviving the economic crisis, the momentum for growth began to emerge. Because it does not squeeze the colonies, the economic conditions of China's overseas territories are even better than those at home, which is a richer market and more sustainable.

North America formed its own textile industry, not only was not defeated by this economic crisis, but because during the economic crisis, a large number of urban unemployed laborers poured in, and the North American textile industry with larger factories and more advanced equipment developed instead. After the economic crisis, the territory of North America did not even need to import textiles. They completely squeezed local and British and American cotton out of the North American market, and exported a large amount of cotton yarn to the country. This means that their industry has been upgraded, from providing raw materials to providing primary processed goods.

But the North American market is bigger than before, because they began to import more machinery and equipment, and under the restrictions of the crown prince's high tariff barriers, the machines that were previously imported from the United States and the United Kingdom have shifted to imports from the country, which is a huge market. They import local textile equipment and mining equipment, and export cotton yarn and minerals, all of which are high value-added trades. The territory of China, India, with a larger population and relatively fewer resources, is not as rich as that of North America. But India's natural conditions are good, and they have also developed their own cotton textile industry, exporting cotton yarn to the local market on a large scale, and also importing machinery. The products they export are not high in added value, but they are very large in quantity and variety, such as cotton yarn, hemp, dyes, and all kinds of cash crops that can be provided in agriculture, and they almost all produce and export.

The development of the colonial economy not only allowed the rapid development of local high value-added industries, such as the machine manufacturing industry, and began to upgrade the overall industry, but also provided a huge investment market for the local financial industry. Colonies and overseas territories are still in the stage of primitive capital accumulation, which is far from being comparable to the mainland that has completed capital accumulation, so the demand for capital is great, which is a huge opportunity for the financial industry. Financial services have also begun to become a high value-added industry exported from local to overseas.

This is not necessarily a good thing, because China has not yet completed industrialization and urbanization, but has begun to export capital, which will inevitably lead to a phenomenon of industrial hollowing. However, under the current system and culture, these circumstances cannot be changed.

The biggest victim is the inland areas of central and western China, during the period of rapid growth of local industry, their resources and capital were sucked away by the east, and the local industry is relatively backward, when the east completes industrialization, but they begin to transfer capital and industry overseas, they are still backward. If it takes long enough, perhaps the hinterland of Chinese mainland will become the south of Italy, which is simply another world relative to the north, or the interior of the United States, with a very small population and dependent on agriculture and mining.

However, unlike Italy and the United States, southern Italians can move to the north in large numbers, while the inland population of the United States has not been large from the beginning, but China is a mature society with a balanced population, and the inland population is not much more than that of the coast. And they don't go as often as they want like Westerners, even if they go to the city for a short period of time, they will eventually have to return to their hometowns. This makes it impossible for the local population to be reduced, at least not to depend solely on agriculture and mining for their livelihoods.

All kinds of problems are always emerging, and as a semi-retired emperor, Zhou Lang doesn't want to care anymore. He didn't know how to calculate his age, the age of the Ministry of Foreign Work was over eighty, and he looked like he was already an old man in his sixties.

With the exception of some major historical events, few things caught his attention, and the bureaucracy he had built was sufficient to deal with ordinary domestic affairs, and those things were not something he should worry about.

The only thing that interested him was the impact of the rise of the German nation on the world pattern.

Bismarck had already begun to act, and the economic crisis gave him a favorable opportunity to complete the final preparations with the help of the crisis. The reform of the military service system, the staff system, the combat-ready railway, now just waiting for the French to fire the first shot. In order for the French to shoot first, Bismarck threw out the red cloth that had been prepared for a long time to tease the French bull.

Bismarck succeeded in getting the Prussian parliament to pass, and Prussia and Poland formed the United Kingdom!

France lodged a strong protest and issued an ultimatum to Prussia demanding that they declare the abolition of this resolution, which Prussia refused, and the French emperor declared war on Prussia.

In the spring of 1857, the Franco-Prussian War broke out thirteen years ahead of schedule!