First, there was the question of the territorial division between the Manchus and Egypt, which now bordered each other, and the Manchus occupied the entire valley of the two rivers, and Egyptian-controlled Syria was historically part of the valley of the two rivers, and the Euphrates River flowed through northern Syria.

The Manchus insisted on acquiring the entire valley of the two rivers, thus making the area a closed area. Egypt, for its part, insisted on complete rule over Syria. In the end, the two sides reluctantly reached an agreement, the Manchu Empire gave up the lower Hexi region of the Euphrates, and Egypt gave up the Hedong region of Syria, and the two sides were bounded by the Euphrates River.

Things were easier to coordinate between the two allies, but the difficult thing was the partition of the Ottoman Empire.

The Egyptians had now broken through the Tolos Mountains, and they hoped to control the entire plateau of Asia Minor. It was also necessary to get the North African lands of Cyrenaica, Tripoli and Tunisia, which were nominally ruled by the Ottoman Empire.

Territorially, the Manchu Empire was not very ambitious, and in addition to the already occupied basins of the two rivers, the Manchu Empire was interested in the territories of the Black Sea coast of the Ottoman Empire. Although the Manchus continued to pursue a heavy agricultural policy in Central Asia, it was not time to rule China, and they changed commerce greatly. After gaining Persia, they obtained access to the Persian Gulf, and then from Russia, the commercial benefits from the sea were greatly enhanced, and although they were not interested in building their own navy and trading fleet, they were very welcoming to the merchants who brought them tariff revenues.

Outside the territory, Ali Pasha of Egypt hoped that Mahmud II would voluntarily renounce the title of caliph and recognize Pasha Ali of Egypt as the caliph of the Islamic world.

The Manchus demanded that the Ottoman Empire stop interfering with the Muslims in Manchu territory and that the two sides sign a treaty to repatriate the fugitives.

Greece supported the attitude of the two allies in principle, but rationally told the two countries that it was difficult to fully meet all the conditions, and hoped that they would make concessions, otherwise it would be difficult for the Ottoman Empire to accept peace.

On land, Greece wanted to expand its territory into southern Macedonia, including the Halkiti Peninsula, but at sea demanded that the Ottoman Empire return to Greece all the Greek-inhabited islands in the Aegean Sea.

The three countries agreed to support each other's demands and negotiate reunification with the Ottoman Empire, without separate peace and secret talks.

Later, the three countries, through European companies, proposed terms of negotiation to the Ottoman Empire.

Because the Ottomans and Greece entered a stalemate at the Congress of Vienna, the four great powers were never able to reach an agreement, and the problems encountered by the Ottomans were not mainly Greek problems, but war problems with Egypt and the Manchu Empire. Therefore, the Ottoman Empire was willing to hold peace talks with Greece, the Manchus, and Egypt at the same time during the Congress of Vienna.

Mesopotamia (the two river basins) has actually been lost, in fact, after the loss of Syria, the Ottoman Empire's control over the two river basins began to weaken, so he was willing to give up these territories, but the Black Sea coast is the core area of the Ottoman Empire, although not as rich as the two river basins, but just like the British could not give up the British Isles to the richer India, Asia Minor has the largest number of Ottoman Turks, where the core population is, the ruling core is there.

In the same way, it would be even more impossible to hand over Asia Minor to Egypt. The Ottomans preferred to give up all of Europe than to Asia Minor, which was the basis of their rule. However, Cyrenaica and other North African territories can be handed over to the Egyptians, after all, the Ottoman Empire's rule over the place is actually very fragile, and Egypt has been self-reliant in this state in these years. Greece would not have had the Viceroy had been at war with the Empire, and there would have been no Revolution of Independence.

But the renunciation of the title of caliph made Mahmud II very hesitant, although this is just a false name, through it, but it can have an impact on the entire Muslim world, giving up the title of caliph, will make the Muslim inhabitants of Europe centrifuge from Germany, but in the unfavorable situation of the war, Egypt is willing to make concessions on the territorial issue, expressed its willingness to return most of the Asia Minor peninsula north of the Tolos Mountains to the Ottoman Empire, Mahmud II still agreed, after all, he is also a pragmatic person.

As for the demands made by Greece, it was easier to accept, European territories such as Macedonia, which were not worth mentioning compared to Asia Minor, and the islands of the sea were even less valuable, and Mahmud II also decided to make concessions.

The Quadripartite agreement was quickly reached and then made public.

It instantly caused a shock throughout the West, and the parties to the Vienna Conference had different attitudes towards it.

How dare they decide their own fate without going through the verdict of the European powers?

The British were annoyed that the Egyptians had a great influence on the eastern Mediterranean because of their occupation of Asia Minor south of the Tolos Mountains, and the French influence in this area, and the invasion of foreign capital into Syria in recent years with the decline of the Ottoman Empire. From the end of the 18th century onwards, French capital dominated the major cities of Syria.

In order not to allow the French to tighten their grip on this area, the British navy acted quickly and forcibly seized Cyprus and took control of the Middle East's access to the sea facing the Mediterranean. The French expressed strong displeasure at this, but they were now unable to re-establish their hegemony in the Mediterranean, and could not stand alone against the British.

Austria was concerned about Greece's northward expansion, and Greece's increased control over the Aegean Sea was also seen by Austria as a threat to their Black Sea territories to the Mediterranean.

Russia is quite contradictory, Greece's increased power is conducive to helping Russia maintain security on the other side of the strait, but the stronger Greece becomes, the competition for the dominance of the Orthodox Church will also become stronger, and the origin of the Orthodox Church in Greece makes it difficult for Russia to claim to be the sole protector of the Orthodox Christians in the future.

The different interests of all parties led France to support this peace treaty, believing that peace should be restored to the eastern Mediterranean as soon as possible, which is conducive to the restoration of trade interests of all countries; Austria opposed the northward expansion of Greek territory, arguing that the territory of Greece at the beginning of its independence should be maintained; Britain opposed Greece's acquisition of the islands in the Aegean Sea; The Russians themselves do not know what to support or against.

Due to the attitude of the great powers, the Ottomans began to have other hopes, although they signed treaties with Greece and other countries, but they had not yet completed the ratification, and the issue of delivery had not been carried out.

This delay soon paid dividends, starting with the destruction of the Ottoman hinterland by black mercenaries, who continued to hunt down Ottoman Turks and sell them into slavery in Africa and the Americas, and because of the rumors that Mahmud was willing to give up the title of caliph, local powerful factions in Bulgaria, Macedonia and Albania staged coups d'état and declared independence.

The wave of independence forced the Austrian Empire to change its position, because the Bulgarian Revolution of Independence affected the Austrian territory in the lower Danube region, where a large number of Orthodox and Muslim communities lived, with the Muslim community supporting the Ottoman Empire and the Orthodox Christian community supporting Greece, both of which were alienated from the Austrians.

Forty percent of Bosnia's population is Muslim, and the revolt here is fierce, which has been a headache for the Austrian government. Austria even began to worry about the stability of other Christian regions under its rule, such as Hungary, which had been insecure, and some Hungarian nobles had been plotting to establish a Hungarian government as an independent state, rather than a Habsburg territory belonging to Austria.

Fearing that the wave of independence would be in full swing within its own borders, Austria also hoped that the war in southern Europe would end as soon as possible.

At this time, Russia began to turn to support Greece, mainly because of Greece's assurances that it would lease an island in the Aegean Sea to the Russian army as a military base after the Russian Black Sea Navy was rebuilt. France is a strong supporter of Greece, in the past to establish relations with China, now the queen of Greece is a French princess, the Greek kingdom has promised the Orleans dynasty that the first boy of Zhou Chenggong and Princess Louise Marie will undoubtedly be made heir, and this boy has been born more than ten days ago.

As a result, the Congress of Vienna turned to France, Russia, and Austria all in favor of ending the war as soon as possible, and Britain was unable to support it, and he had already occupied Cyprus, and after the other three countries recognized the British occupation of Cyprus, Britain also announced its acceptance of the peace treaty signed between Greece and other countries and the Ottoman Empire.

At this time, it no longer matters whether Britain supports it or not, Mahmoud II is eager to suppress the rebellion in Macedonia and other places, and has completed the territorial surrender with the three countries, completely withdraws the army in Greece, and turns to suppress the revolution. If these three territories were to become independent, the Ottoman Empire would have essentially lost all of its European territory, which would have been more important than the loss of a Greek independence, since places such as Albania had always been an important source of troops for the Ottoman Empire.

But the insistence of this old empire is simply a dying throze, and when even Greece can eat away from him, he has already stepped into the coffin with half a foot.

And this is the result of the reform that Mahmoud II spent ten years on, and the difficulty of transforming an old empire into a modern state will never be imagined by future generations.

The political elite of the Ottoman Empire was not unaware of the importance of reform, it was not that it did not have the will to reform, and in fact Mahmoud II was able to carry out drastic reforms because he had the support of even the most conservative religious elites.

Therefore, Mahmoud thought that his reform was very thorough, and he even thought that the Ottoman Empire had completed Europeanization, but he did not expect it to fail.

In fact, they did have the will to reform and carried out reforms, but they did not find the right direction. Austrian Prime Minister Metternich has a very deep understanding and evaluation of their reforms: that is, superficial!