Chapter 9 Shuntianfu rent reduction
At this time, the household department had already counted the harvest of the Jingshi in the third year of the Apocalypse, and the statistical information was divided into two parts, one was stored in the household department, one was stored in the local government, and the other places were still being counted.
The rent reduction was first implemented on a trial basis in Jingshi Shuntianfu. The imperial court stipulated that the annual rent was 40% based on the harvest of the three years of the Apocalypse, and that in the event of a disaster, the local government could urge the landlord to further reduce the rent according to the harvest.
Such a rent seems to be a proportional rent, but after the three-year harvest of the Apocalypse is the standard, it becomes a quantitative rent. With the spread of agricultural technology, it is obvious that the yield per mu will continue to increase, so that the proportion of land rent will continue to decrease, and the income of tenants will increase.
The reason why it was set at 40 percent was because Zhu Youxiao thought of Taiwan's 375 rent reduction, and added 2.5 points to this basis in order to make it easier for landlords to accept. But he was wrong, and most of the landlords, except for some landlords, were unwilling to accept this rent.
The original land rent was 50 percent, and the rent was collected according to the normal year in the same disaster year, but now it has been reduced to 40 percent, and the landlords are unwilling to bear this loss. And the harvest in the three years of the apocalypse was already less, which made the landlords even more dissatisfied.
According to preliminary statistics, the land rent of the landlords who were willing to carry out the imperial court accounted for only a little more than 10% of the landlords, and this was still an achievement achieved by some officials who had done a lot of work. And those landlords who were unwilling to carry it out, on the contrary, threatened to take back the fields that had been leased to tenants next year, and even fifty percent were unwilling to rent them again, in order to show their determination to confront the imperial court.
For a while, the relationship between the court and the landlord was like fire and water. Responsible for the rent quota is the household department Shangshu Bi Ziyan, and it is Yang Lian who supervises the implementation. The two of them were so anxious that the corners of their mouths were foaming, and they took people to persuade the landlords one by one, but it basically had no effect.
The two had no choice but to report the situation, and Zhu Youxiao ordered that all the public land in Shuntianfu be rented to tenants for cultivation at a rent of 30%. There were a large number of royal granges in Shuntianfu, and Zhu Youxiao took out these granges together and rented them to tenants who had lost their land, while King Xin also took out two of his own granges, the Hakka family took out two granges, and Wei Zhongxian took out two granges, which were also rented to tenants at a rate of 30% like public fields.
The public land of Shuntianfu and the grange taken out by Zhu Youxiao and others have a total of about 180,000 hectares, which can accept a total of more than 360,000 households according to the calculation of 50 mu per household. If everyone goes to Gongtian or Huangzhuang, how many people will come to plant their fields?
In fact, their worries are a bit unnecessary, because if they cultivate the public land, many farmers need to move, and the original public land, especially Huangzhuang, has some people cultivating the original public land, and the amount that can be accommodated is actually very limited. However, due to the migration of immigrants to Taiwan and Liaodong, a situation was created in which there was no one to cultivate, which frightened the landlords.
And if the fields are not rented out, the landlords themselves will not be able to cultivate these fields, and the taxes will still have to be paid, and the landlords will certainly not do such a loss-making business. The threat to no longer lease the land is just to get the imperial court to withdraw the rent reduction order, but I don't want to encounter a situation where the land may really be uncultivated.
The landlords finally relented under this double blow, and a large number of landlords announced that they had set the rent in accordance with the regulations of the imperial court and rented the fields to tenants for cultivation. Zhu Youxiao's intimidation policy achieved excellent results, while the landlords avoided falling into the embarrassing situation of uncultivated fields with the idea of only one percent less, and the biggest beneficiaries were the tenants, who reduced the land rent by one percent, and in the year of disaster, the imperial court and the landlords could negotiate a rent reduction.
And the agricultural cooperative first started operations in Suncheonbu. Each county has an unequal number of agricultural cooperatives, depending on the size of the county. The cooperatives sell farm tools, seeds, breeding poultry, piglets, salt, and provide low-interest loans, and buy all the products of the farmers, including eggs.
The emperor issued an edict and officially abolished the Kaizhong Law. Salt quotations will no longer be issued, and the salt quotations that have been issued must be registered in each salt factory within three months, and will not be recognized after the deadline.
According to the salt introduction, the salt factory wholesaled to the salt merchants at the price of 40 copper coins per pound of salt, and stipulated that the salt merchants could only retail at a price not higher than 60 copper coins. This has greatly reduced the price of salt, because the original price of salt in the Huguang and Jiangxi areas was less than one cent and two cents of silver, and when it was more, it was three to four cents, which was equivalent to 120 copper coins to 400 copper coins.
When the salt is always used up, the price of wholesale salt without salt will be 50 copper coins, and the agricultural cooperatives will get salt wholesale at the price of 20 copper coins per catty of salt, and then sell it to households at the price of 50 copper coins.
And there are many salt shops in the world, there are about 11,000 in the country, these salt shops are qualified to operate salt after the government has examined them, and after the repeal of the Kaizhong Law, they are also sold to salt shops by cooperatives at a price of 30 copper coins, and they are sold to households at a price of no more than 60 copper coins, so as to supplement the shortage of cooperative outlets.
In this way, the agricultural cooperatives are both retailers and wholesalers in the sale of salt, and they can only trade with the salt works, which also minimizes the possibility of smuggling salt and embezzlement in the salt works.
At this time, most of the salt farms were operated by the imperial court, and Zhu Youxiao ordered that except for large salt farms such as Changlu Salt Farm, ordinary small salt farms were sold to salt merchants. It is only stipulated that the salt works can only be sold to cooperatives, and if one grain of salt is sold through other means, the salt works will be recovered, the proceeds will be confiscated, and a fine of 10 times the selling price of the salt works will be confiscated.
The salt tax is all paid by the agricultural cooperatives, the tax of a pound of salt is two copper coins, which does not seem to be much, but according to the national people use ten catties of salt a year (in fact, they can't eat so much, here the salt for pickling is also counted), the salt tax of about 100 million people in the Ming Dynasty will reach four million yuan a year, and the highest salt tax is only one million taels of silver (two million yuan) during the Wanli period.
Moreover, the salt tax is now only two copper coins, because Zhu Youxiao wants to spread out the agricultural cooperatives first, and it takes a lot of money to set it so low, and he plans to raise the salt tax to five to six copper coins within three years, so that the salt tax alone will be as high as more than 10 million yuan.
The interest rate on loans to agricultural cooperatives was 3 per cent a month (3 percent), which was very high in later generations, but compared to the usury of this era, it could only be regarded as charity.