Those who study the first and second opium wars often feel that Emperor Xianfeng was sometimes like a psychotic, as if he had a split personality, sometimes tough, sometimes weak, and finally ran away. Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info

In fact, Xianfeng did not represent a single person, all his decisions were made by the ministers, and the schizophrenia he showed was actually the schizophrenia of the Manchu court.

There was always a group of people who were instigating the emperor to go to war, and these people were often imperial historians, who had neither governing experience, nor diplomatic experience, nor military experience, but they were all exported one by one.

There are at least two imperial histories, one is Xue Shutang, who told the emperor before the war that there are ten evils and five benefits in war, such as foreigners working on expeditions, wrapping grain for thousands of miles, and officials and soldiers waiting for work and eating on the spot; Among the foreigners, there are few real Yi people, and many fake Yi people, and some tide surges (Hong Kong coolies) are also employed, and 100,000 officers and soldiers are whipped; It is also said that Yiren is a strong ship and a gun, and once ashore, it is impossible to be the opponent of the Eight Banners Iron Cavalry.

In fact, during this period of time, the old minister Gui Liang, who had been doing foreign affairs, had been persuading the emperor to let foreigners enter Beijing for negotiations, and the emperor reprimanded that it was not good to negotiate in SH, and dared to let foreigners enter Beijing.

After the foreigners laid down the mouth of Dagu, and Monk Greenqin retreated to Tongzhou, the foreigners insisted on occupying Tanggu and TJ otherwise they would never stop military operations before, and Monk Greenqin had already suggested to the emperor that he should patrol the Mulan paddock. As a result, Xianfeng asked people to prepare vehicles, which caused the rich BJ to flee in panic. Xianfeng had no choice but to post a notice, saying that he was not going to patrol the hunt, he was fighting, he only had the share of the expedition, how could he have the mood to patrol the hunt.

Of course, the minister opposed Xianfeng's personal conquest, and Xianfeng himself did not have the courage to do so.

Afraid that foreigners would enter TJ and BJ Xianfeng urged Gui Liang to wait for Qincha, so he hurried to TJ to negotiate at TJ, with the purpose of blocking the truth of foreigners entering Beijing.

But at this time, there were still people who gave the emperor bad ideas.

He Jing wrote to the engineering department: The Yiren have been calling for them to bring troops into Beijing, really asking them to bring troops into Beijing, do they dare to come? There is no need to stop them from coming, let the monk set up an ambush on the road, without our consent, if they really come, we will beat them. If Gui Liang agrees, he can also let the monk king intercept and kill them on the road.

Gui Liang can't be discredited, but the monk has the responsibility of leading the troops to defend the land, so he can not be trustworthy and intercept and kill halfway. Thinking back to the Warring States Period, King Chu Xiang sent Ziliang to cut the land in Qi, and made Zhao always keep it. Qi envoy to the land, Zhao often to defend the land of his own responsibility, the order of the king of Chu to refuse Qi. Outside the general, there are people who can secure the country's interests and benefit the society, why can they not listen to the central command, and the weak candidate countries dare to do this, not to mention our heavenly court?

The history of China is too long, so long that there are all kinds of contradictory historical basis, and they can all be recognized, there are loyal and good will be praised, and there are rebellious ministers and thieves will also be praised, and this kind of contradictory allusions have accumulated too much, and gradually there will be no absolute right and wrong, and there will be no principles.

This kind of untrustworthiness can also find a lot of reasons, but in the same way, the allusion of keeping promises is also full of sweat, and the key is whether the parties want to be trustworthy or want to breach the contract.

In short, He Jing's great truth is crazy, and the emperor really believes it. It turns out that this emperor is not a split personality, not a mental disorder, but has no opinions, and it is too easy to follow the crowd.

In addition, the ability to govern is really too poor, and it is right to consult with adults, but the question is who to consult with, to discuss foreign affairs, not to find a knowledgeable person like Gui Liang, but to listen to the remarks of some scholars, it is strange not to die.

At this time, Gui Liang made a procrastination trick in TJ, and Britain and France put forward any demands, and he finally shirked that he had no authority and had to let the emperor decide, but Britain and France were depressed and asked him if he was not a plenipotentiary, Gui Liang said that he would not come as a representative, and as a result, the two countries did not talk to Gui Liang and wanted to continue to Tongzhou.

Monk Greenqin presided over in Tongzhou, the British thought that the Qing court was frightened at this time, the minister Pruss was arrogant, and the result was not to deal with the monk Greenqin, and he slapped the table and left, which made Monk Greenqin feel very faceless, this Mongolian prince is not a Baigui, from childhood to rampant, he has never been patted on other people's tables, and has not been patted on the table, this annoyance, I thought of the emperor asking him to arrest the minister, he really sent troops to arrest the minister Prus, the translator Wittoma and some reporters and the like all arrested.

He did not know how bad his behavior was in the Western concept of diplomacy, and the price he paid was that the Old Summer Palace of the emperor's house was burned down in the end.

At this time in Mingcheng, Zhu Jinglun's army has been besieging the city for more than half a month, this small city is really strong, it took half a month to finally be blasted, surrounded on three sides, surrounded by three que, from the north gate of the main attack, but easily attacked into the city, but found that the Hakka Tuanyong actually fought with them in the street.

Street fighting is the most brutal, but it is also the most tempering.

The most important thing is that Zhu Jinglun has no way out, in the Tuke fight, he must always show a tough and resolute attitude, insist on maintaining the township covenant, and even defend the township covenant at any cost, so that everyone can believe in the township covenant, so that everyone can feel that this thing is something to protect them, and finally abide by him, and the weapon fight can really be calmed down.

The Swedish advisory group was constantly formulating tactics, and they had never encountered such a situation, and the wars of this era in Europe had a silly chivalric style, that is, everyone lined up in a row to shoot each other, often in the field, and this kind of urban street fighting rarely occurred.

Therefore, the tactics of the Europeans have always been very clumsy, and there are few cases of surprise victory in the history of European wars, and even if there are cases of winning more with less, it is all by courage, not by wit or cunning.

But cunning is more like gambling, and fighting with courage is the right way. The book of war also says that the right combination is the best way to win, and most of the army's battles are still upright. It's just that the literati are too lacking in courage, so they always want to use the least price to achieve the greatest victory, but in fact, they are just clever, and in the end, they are often clever and mistaken by cleverness.

The method of warfare formulated by the Swedes is also very clumsy, that is, dividing the troops into the city, clearing street by street or even house by house, advancing step by step, which is easy to say, but in the plan formulated, the application is more geometric knowledge, and what route to choose to advance can always ensure the way back.

It took ten days to finally capture the city completely, during which more than 500 Keyong were killed and more than 1,000 were wounded, all of which were taken away for treatment.

After this battle, Zhu Jinglun's fame suddenly became lofty, because he started the war in the name of Hakka Tuanyong's breach of contract, and everyone saw his determination to maintain the township covenant.

Of course, Zhu Jinglun has always been in the name of "acting for the governor of Liangguang and the Tuke family", and at this time, the two families also saw the determination of the government, after all, Bai Gui is definitely enough to represent the Guangdong government.

As early as the beginning of the fight, there was the Hakka Yong who helped thousands of oceans, and the Hakka people in Enping and Kaiping acted together to burn and plunder Nafu 29 villages, and injured Yang Zhaomeng, the general secretary of the Nafu battalion, and 12 soldiers.

Later, it developed into the situation that Yongping, the Hakka hometown, attacked the county seat for no reason and captured officials, which led the Qing army to believe that the Hakka Tuanyong had become a guest bandit, and made great efforts to bring in the Hunan army to exterminate them.

In short, before Zhu Jinglun, in the eyes of both the Turks and the guest, the government had no prestige, but this time it was different, tens of thousands of townships bravely defended the city, paid the price of two thousand casualties, and were still suppressed by XA County Yong under the banner of the governor Fumin, this time they saw the determination of the government, and they also felt the will of the government, and thus felt the majesty of the government.

At this time, the natives of other counties did not stop the pace of attack.

After so many years of fighting, everyone has already found their own organization.

The most powerful forces are, under the organization of the big landlords Li Weiping and Chen Yuliang, the natives of XN County set up the Junhe Bureau in Shangze, the Shengping Bureau in Chongpu, and the Jiesheng Bureau in Haiyan, and trained the strong men to prepare for the fight, and combined with the Yangjiang Bureau to set up the Ningyang Bureau to command the overall situation, and tens of thousands of villagers under their command.

In Kaiping County, Tan Cai, a wealthy businessman living in Hong Kong, bought foreign guns from Hong Kong, united with other gentry to set up Wanquan, recruited thousands of people from other places, and established Wei Lietang with the Duhu gentry, recruiting hundreds of displaced people from other counties, and more than 3,000 landless natives.

The Hakka people were initiated by the Wuju people Zhong Dayong, Yu Jifu, etc., in Nafu, Shenjing gangs up villages, organized and trained strong men, and united Dalongwan, Hezhou, Xiaoqishan and Cao Chong, Dalongdong, Naqin and other places Hakka people, there are also more than 3,000 people in the Futong group set up by Hakka Xiucai Tang Enchang, etc., and the power is also quite strong.

After Heshan, Xinning, and Kaiping made covenants one after another, these forces temporarily died down and stopped fighting, and seeing Zhu Jinglun's determination to maintain the township covenant, he had no idea of challenging for the time being.

But among these people, some people are not entirely for self-protection, such as Tan Cai, who procures guns, unites the gentry, and forms regimental training, which is conditional, and the surrounding villages will give him insurance premiums, and the Hakka land he occupies will also be assigned to his name in proportion, so it can be said that this goods are an opportunist, and he is fighting for money.

Therefore, the squires and clans in the Kaiping area saw that they could make a contract and never fight again, so they didn't have to pay expensive protection fees for an armed force like Tan Cai, and Tan Cai was cut off from his wealth for a while.

However, there were still few Hakka people in Enping, so Tan Cai led his men to enter Enping, and the people of the Ningyang Bureau on the other side were also invited to set out from Yangjiang to attack Enping.

Enping is the area with the most large-scale fights, probably because it is easy for the natives and Hakka forces to reach the place, so there are often large-scale group fights organized by the county, in May of the sixth year of Xianfeng, in the three counties of Tuke in Songbai Mountain, Enping, more than 2,000 people died at one time. In June, more than 1,600 people died in the fight at the gate of Shenjing. In September, more than 1,600 people died in a fighting in Dahu Mountain. In November, Peng Crab Pond fought and set fire to the village, covering the sky with smoke and flames, killing more than 2,000 people.

This time, the local armed forces were familiar with Enping, and attacked in many ways, and the Hakka regiment could not resist it, at this time they sent the leader, pulled the guarantor, and found Fang Shan, hoping that Fang Shan would preside over their contract.

But after reporting to Zhu Jinglun, Fang Shan sternly rejected them.

Zhu Jinglun told them through Fang Shan that they had to negotiate with each other and make a covenant with each other, and the newly pacified Minxian Yong only managed to guarantee the township covenant and not interfere in the fighting.

I have to let these people learn some lessons, and when they take advantage, they refuse to spit out the food in their mouths, and when they can't beat it, they run to say that they have made a contract.

Zhu Jinglun weighed and believed that he must ensure his identity and authority as an arbiter, so he must be impartial and fair.

Favoring one side will do you a lot of harm in the end.