The Ming Dynasty was obviously farther away from New Guinea, but the British colonies of Singapore and Australia were close at hand, and the Pan and Wu families invested millions of taels of silver here, mainly for the basic needs of food, clothing, shelter and transportation, and transportation from the Ming Dynasty was too expensive, so most of the benefits fell into the pockets of British merchants. Pen % fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info

The British found that the Chinese had borne the expensive cost of opening up, but the British had received tangible benefits, and they did not want to oppose the development of the Pan family and the Wu family here, and besides, the expulsion of the Chinese, the greater trouble would the Germans infiltrate here They are worried about, let the Chinese carry out commercial development here, and to a certain extent, it can also balance the Germans.

Britain hesitated for a moment, and a year later the situation changed dramatically when a famine broke out in northern China.

The Pan family and the Wu family have increased their immigration efforts here, in this case Britain is indeed very worried, but at that time, the Ming Dynasty was building momentum all over the world to publicize their disaster relief behavior, and all countries invariably expressed their attitude of assistance, the United States and Russia all said that they would give food, in this case, Britain prevented the disaster victims from moving here, and it was difficult to gain a foothold in public opinion.

Moreover, the international situation has become more and more favorable to the Ming Dynasty, except that Europe has become complicated by the rise of Germany, Russia has launched a war against Turkey again, and Britain has no energy to entangle with the Ming in a deserted place like the island of New Guinea.

After the famine, Russia and Turkey divided the victory, Britain sent warships to confront Russia, refusing to recognize the privileges that Russia had obtained from Turkey, and finally the European powers held a meeting in Berlin to discuss, and by the time they had finished their discussions, the Ming had emigrated 600,000 people here, and had expanded their positions to form de facto control.

But in the same way, Britain got greater benefits from here, and the market of hundreds of thousands of people was monopolized by British businessmen, so that Britain wanted to intervene and did not like to give up this interest, and at that time there was also a problem of Ming immigrants to Canada, if Ming was not allowed to immigrate to Canada, how could they be prevented from immigrating to New Guinea?

Between its colony of Canada and the island of New Guinea, which was nothing, Britain had little choice, preferring to let the Chinese settle more of the victims in New Guinea.

Another problem in favor of the Ming Dynasty was that Russia failed to successfully break through the blockade of the Turkish Straits in the Russo-Turkish War, expanded to the east again, took advantage of the Manchu famine, seized the privilege of building the Kyakhta Railway, and set aside the Ming Dynasty and built the railway to Zhangjiakou.

At this time, Britain was more worried that Russia would invade their interests in the Yangtze River by going south, and had begun to draw France and the Ming Dynasty together against Russia, and at this time, they would not have a conflict with the Ming because of their commercial colonies.

At this time, the Ming Dynasty had formed a strong control force on the island of New Guinea because of the immigration of hundreds of thousands of people, not only controlling the entire eastern part of the island of New Guinea, but also declaring power to the Dutch, but completely uncontrollable western expansion.

It's starting to clash with the Netherlands.

The Netherlands believes that the expansion of the Ming Dynasty in the western part of the island of New Guinea has infringed on the legitimate rights of the Netherlands over this region, and the Netherlands is very worried that the reclamation of the Ming expatriates on the islands of the Dutch colonies such as Borneo and Sumatra will also be used by the Ming government, thus infringing on the legitimate rights and interests of the Netherlands.

Therefore, the island of New Guinea and the Bismarck Islands (Solomon Islands) to the northeast involve not only the Ming Dynasty, but also Germany and the Netherlands, and the issue is very complicated.

By the time the Singapore meeting began to discuss, the Ming Dynasty had emigrated millions of people in this area, becoming the most controlling force in the local area, and on this ground, officially began to assert the power of the Ming here, obviously after defeating the French, the Ming government is no longer willing to be only the Pan family and the Wu family behind the development of this place, but intends to stand in the foreground, completely demand the power here.

The Germans used their activities here many years ago, and produced various maps drawn up earlier to show that they were the discoverers here, and the Dutch also produced evidence of this. Daming scoffed at this, took out some ancient books, and told them that the ancient Chinese had known about this place for a long time, at least since the time of Zheng He, and if only from the discovery of this place, no Chinese came here earlier.

The three parties were at loggerheads, and the British were no longer seeking power here, and it was clear that they were intending to give up the place, and they only wanted to ensure the safety of Australia, so they mediated.

Under the mediation of the British, both the Ming and the Netherlands made concessions, the Netherlands ceded the entire island of New Guinea to the Ming Dynasty, and the Ming paid 10 million guilders as compensation for the construction of infrastructure on the island, and at the same time the Ming promised the Netherlands that it would not make any territorial claims to other territories in the Dutch colony, and the Netherlands continued to guarantee the freedom of the Chinese to do business in the local area, and the Chinese could continue to set up reclamation companies.

Germany recognized all of the Ming's rights to the island of New Guinea, and at the same time the Ming recognized their claims to the Solomon Islands northeast of the island of Guinea. Obviously, the Ming Dynasty, which had just defeated the French navy and occupied the French colonies in the South Pacific, was no longer a naval dwarf Germany that could compete head-on. Only then did they give up their claims on the island of New Guinea and completely abandon the mainland island.

The contradiction between the Ming and Spain was mainly because the Spaniards had always resisted the actions of the Chinese in the Philippines, although the number of local Chinese was not large, but it had exceeded the number of the Spaniards, and they were worried that in the long run, the Chinese would take the initiative in the Philippines, thus challenging the Spanish rule here, and it was for this reason that they massacred the Chinese in history.

The negotiations with Spain were not so easy, the Catholic countries were more troublesome, not as rational as the Protestant countries, the Spaniards were resolutely unwilling to send consuls to Manila, nor did they agree to the free operation of Ming merchants in the Philippines, especially the strict prohibition of Ming merchants to own land in the Philippines.

Daming threatened the massacre of the Spanish in the Philippines, and once said that he would completely suspend the discussion with Spain on the Philippine issue and would use other methods to solve the Philippine issue.

In the end, even intimidation and threats, and under the mediation of the British, Spain accepted to open the Philippines to Ming merchants like the British and Dutch colonies, otherwise it would really start with the Ming Dynasty, and Spain would have no chance to hold the Philippines.

The French succeeded in retaining their absolute power over Cambodia, and at the same time promised that Cambodia would be open to all houses, and that merchants from any participating country would have the right to do business, travel and reside freely in Cambodia. At the same time, the countries pledged not to dispute the French power in Cambodia.

The British also undoubtedly retained their power, establishing the fact that all of Burma belonged to the British, and that the British continued to rule the colonies of Malaya.

The Portuguese retained their power on the island of Timor, and they only wanted to keep the colony, and they had no ambition for expansion, and they could keep it because of the results they had achieved with the British, otherwise the Dutch would have annexed it sooner or later.

Vietnam and Siam succeeded in getting the countries to recognize them as free and independent sovereign states, and received assurances from the countries that they would not attempt to colonize Siam and Vietnam. The two countries were secured, but the Vietnamese proposal to resolve the issue of the French garrison in Nam Ki was not discussed at the meeting on the grounds that France had a special treaty between the two countries, and the status quo in Nam Ki was maintained, and France was still stationed in Saigon.

The colony of the Ming in New Guinea Island was recognized by various countries, and the colony of the Ming in the South Seas officially came to the forefront, no longer a commercial reclamation land, but a colony with a territorial nature.

The Ming also received the right for the Chinese to do business and settle freely in various parts of the Nanyang, and paid for the permanent renunciation of their claims to sovereignty over the region, including the Republic of Lanfang, which was most likely to become a colony of the Ming Dynasty, and the Republic of Lanfang was established as a commercial reclamation company with no political overtones.

However, the Ming Dynasty's attempt to establish a military base in the core area of the South Seas was unsuccessful under the strong resistance of Britain, France and other countries.

In general, the Ming received two basic requirements: immigration and freedom to do business.

The conference also adopted a series of provisions similar to the Berlin resolution to protect the exclusive interests of States.

For example, it stipulates that all countries jointly guarantee the security of the relevant countries in the South Seas colonies, and do not recognize any colonial expansion without the consent of the participating countries in the Singapore Conference, which is equivalent to blocking other European powers from the South Seas, and any attempt by any country to establish a colony here will be collectively resisted by all countries.

At the same time, it is also stipulated that the issue of colonial changes in the South Seas must be unanimously approved by other countries, otherwise it will not be recognized. This prevents other countries from seizing the Nanyang colonies from the Nanyang colonial powers through war and other means, and is also a joint guarantee clause.

The meeting also made clear rulings on disputed areas in various countries, such as the dispute between Daming and the Netherlands over the island of New Guinea, the dispute between the Netherlands and Portugal over the island of Timor, the dispute between France and Siam over Laos, and the dispute between Siam and the United Kingdom over Chiang Mai.

France gave up its claim to Laos in exchange for Siam's recognition of the status quo on the Cambodian border; Siam received Chiang Mai in return for supporting the British in initiating the Singapore conference; The Netherlands gave up West Timor as the price at which other colonies were guaranteed; The Netherlands renounced the island of New Guinea as the Ming renounced its claim to the Republic of Lanfang.

The Nanyang problem is solved, but the troubles caused by the partition of the colonies will not end.

Nanyang is a traditional Chinese geographical concept that includes Indonesia, Siam, Myanmar, Malaya, the Philippines, etc., but does not include the Pacific region, which is adjacent to the Nanyang region.

The Ming Dynasty seized all the French colonies in the South Pacific, but whether the French still plan to make a comeback, whether the emerging Germany will continue to expand, everything is still unknown, as long as the ambition of the great powers in the jungle era to carve up the world does not die, the dispute will never end.

The Germans have obtained the Solomon Islands, but the problem of the Samoa Islands has not been resolved, between the Samoan Islands in New Caledonia and Tahiti, with the emergence of German power, the Americans have also begun to appear in this area, in order to prevent Germany from expanding here, and to prevent the United States from participating in the partition of the land here under the banner of defending Germany, the Ming Dynasty while stepping up the establishment of bases in various places, while urgently negotiating with the vested interests of the United Kingdom, to discuss whether this area can be classified as a demilitarized zone, The two countries jointly oppose the occupation of the region by any country.

Britain said that the United States should be invited to participate in the discussion, and the three largest and strongest forces in the Pacific region did so together, and their discussion attracted the attention of the whole world, and everyone believed that the meeting of Ming, Britain, and the United States was another act of dividing up the South Seas, and many countries with potential interest in the Pacific Ocean were in an uproar.

In particular, Germany, as well as France, which had just withdrawn from the region, strongly condemned this barbaric and wanton division of terra nullius without passing through other civilized countries, believing that such an act was inconsistent with the spirit of international law and an illegal violation of the right of States to freedom of trade, and therefore any resolution was illegal and would not be recognized by other countries.

These two robbers, they completely forgot that one presided over the Berlin Conference to divide Africa, and the other had just participated in a feast to divide the South Sea colonies, turned around and began to condemn the power negotiations in the Pacific region, wiped the blood from the corners of their mouths, and immediately refused to admit that they killed the chicken.

But the public opinion created by Germany and France has made Ming, Britain and the United States under strong international public opinion pressure, especially Britain and the United States, the Ming does not need to care about the attitude of Western countries, but Britain needs to care, Britain eats too much alone will cause dissatisfaction among mainland countries, once the mainland countries collectively expand to the sea, it is not something that Britain can admit, the United States has strong economic strength, but it lacks cultural pride, and is very concerned about its national image in Europe, so it does not dare to participate in the partition of the South Pacific at the risk of the world's condemnation.

The final discussion became a joint statement by the three countries that they would not expand in the Pacific, and that they were opposed to any country expanding in the Pacific, calling on the international community to treat the Pacific as a neutral zone of peace, free trade and navigation, and not as a private territory of one country or some countries.

In the end, there was a painless statement, not a strong resolution, and the Ming were not very satisfied, but there were statements from the two countries, and the Ming believed that when necessary, it provided an excellent reason for the Ming to take military force.

In recent years, the Ming Dynasty has become more and more confident in speaking, and it has the strength to refuse the Western powers to enter its hunting area, because the financial problems that used to restrict the military strength of the Ming Dynasty have also been greatly alleviated under the reform of Hurd in recent years.