Sometimes the ancients called it Kongqi (Tongqi), which Taoism called Yuanqi and Qingqi. Although it is not exactly the same as our modern concept of air, these three people have heard of it.

"Air also has weight, and I'll talk about this later, I think that the reason why this water doesn't flow out is because the air has a kind of pressure, and it presses the water from the outside, so that the water can't flow out, and I call this force barometric pressure or atmospheric pressure."

"There used to be water in the glass tube, but now the water level has fallen, but the air outside has not entered, and the air inside is called a vacuum. Why doesn't the water come down, I just said that there is air pressure outside, and this phenomenon I summarized a little, which can be called natural fear of vacuum. ”

After saying that, he smiled and looked at the three people who were digesting his statement, the IQ of these three people he had understood, it was a very happy thing to be able to discuss some natural science issues with these people, and he was also able to guide them in some theoretical aspects, and there was a feeling of fluttering.

Soon, the three of them had already accepted the concept of air pressure, but they couldn't think of where it could be used for a while. At this time, Zhu Youxiao said: "Everyone has seen the appearance of the teapot when boiling water, the water vapor inside will push the lid up, and I think this power can be used to do some things, such as driving the wheels?" ”

The horse-drawn carriages on the railroad have been almost tested and are completely practical. But in Zhu Youxiao's view, the steam engine still had to be built, but as for how to build it, he didn't know, so he felt that he would first tell these smart people the principles he knew, and maybe they would make it if they wanted to.

He was responsible for providing the principles that he didn't know was right or wrong, and providing them with enough money to study them, and in his mind, the conditions of the scientists in Europe were no more than that. Are Chinese worse than foreigners? He didn't believe this, and judging from the results of later generations of students, I had great expectations for the steam engine.

"No matter what you want, you can provide it, try more, it may be difficult to dream, practice can produce true knowledge." Zhu Youxiao dropped this sentence and took Wei Zhongxian away. Do you guys do it slowly, I'm the emperor, and I'm only responsible for acceptance.

After leaving the Armory Bureau, the saint drove to the villa area outside the hall of Jingshi University, because today he was going to inspect a newly made item: monosodium glutamate.

The Ming Dynasty already had alum oil, that is, sulfuric acid, and Zhu Youxiao remembered that hydrochloric acid could be formed by reacting concentrated sulfuric acid with table salt, and with hydrochloric acid, it was easy to make monosodium glutamate.

In wheat bran (gluten), the content of glutamate can reach 40%, and the gluten is hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid to obtain a black hydrolysate, and white crystalline glutamic acid is obtained. Glutamic acid is then reacted with sodium hydroxide, concentrated and dried, and sodium glutamate is obtained, which is monosodium glutamate.

Although the amount of monosodium glutamate is small, it has a great effect. It can be used in cooking to increase umami and is a good product to make money.

The imperial kitchen in the villa was ready, and Zhu Youxiao asked people to call Xu Guangqi, Fang Congzhe, and Ye Xianggao from the nearby villa to have dinner together.

The three of them had already been notified, but they all thought that the emperor had given them some food, but they didn't want to eat at the same table. Now the three of them quit, no matter how Zhu Youxiao persuaded them, they couldn't serve the table, so they had no choice but to take another small table and let the three of them eat, and eat on the big table by themselves.

After the three of them ate for a while, Zhu Youxiao asked proudly: "Three Aiqing, I don't know if there is any difference between today's dish and what you eat on weekdays?" ”

Fang Congzhe stood up and replied: "Your Majesty, the minister has always used little food, but today I ate two bowls, and I feel that this dish is always fresher than the dishes in the minister's house, especially this bowl of soup, I feel very delicious." ”

Ye Xianggao and Xu Guangqi also stood up and said, "That's true, this bowl of chicken soup tastes much better than the Han family's. ”

Zhu Youxiao said with a smile: "Because I added some new things to these dishes, I called it monosodium glutamate, as the name suggests, it is the essence of taste." That's why the soup is so delicious and the taste is so appealing. ”

Wei Zhongxian took a little MSG out and showed it to the three of them, and Zhu Youxiao said: "Only three or five grains of this thing can turn white water into fresh soup." ”

Xu Guangqi took a bowl of water, poured MSG into the bowl, stirred it with chopsticks for a while, then took it up and tasted it and said, "Sure enough." ”

Zhu Youxiao said: "I have tried this MSG several times, and this empirical spirit of Mr. is worth learning from." ”

Fang Congzhe and Ye Xianggao were confused, the emperor said that white water turned into fresh soup, Xu Guangqi didn't believe it, it was a big crime, and he didn't want the emperor to say that it was worth learning.

Zhu Youxiao saw their doubts and said: "Science is a matter that must not be false, and it is a basic requirement not to believe easily, even what I say can be further empirically verified." ”

Xu Guangqi realized that he didn't believe what the emperor said, and hurriedly knelt down to ask for guilt, Zhu Youxiao made a look, and Wei Zhongxian helped Xu Guangqi and didn't let him kneel.

Zhu Youxiao said: "This is a scientific issue, why should Mr. be like this." Of course, such a simple question can be verified by yourself. ”

Xu Guangqi had no choice but to say: "Please ask the emperor for forgiveness, the minister is just used to this, and he forgot for a while that it was the emperor who said." ”

Zhu Youxiao laughed and said: "Three Aiqing, I mean that I want you to estimate that there is a market for this MSG, if the price is set, how much should it be set?" ”

Ye Xianggao said with a smile: "This MSG should have a big market, but in terms of pricing, the three of us shouldn't be able to help much." The factory supervisor has always taken care of the emperor's diet, and this aspect should be the most familiar. ”

Wei Zhongxian smiled at him, thanking him for his kind words. Only then did Zhu Youxiao remember, how could these old ministers understand the matter of cooking, Confucianism requires gentlemen to cook far away.

And Wei Zhongxian was the first to be in charge of the imperial diet, but he forgot to ask him, and although the monosodium glutamate was developed by him, he didn't even say much about economic value, it seems that this guy is still very cautious. Very good!

So he looked at Wei Zhongxian, and Wei Zhongxian hurriedly bowed his head and said, "Holy Lord, from the point of view of the slave maid, if this MSG is priced at ten yuan and one tael, it should be more suitable." ”

Zhu Youxiao thought for a while and said: "You said last time that the cost is five yuan per catty, so you are thirty-two times now, and the profit of thirty-one times is not too much?" ”

Xu Guangqi answered: "Your Majesty, things are expensive, and if the price is high, I am afraid that the sales will be better." ”

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