king

---- the sinicization of foreign ideologies

……

[It is said that Lin Chong was walking idle that day, and suddenly the person behind him called, and when he looked back, he recognized it as Li Xiaoer, a drunken child. When he was in Tokyo, he was taken care of by Lin Chong; Later, he stole the money of the shopkeeper and was caught, and he wanted to send a lawsuit to ask for guilt, but Lin Chong advocated to accompany him, saved him from the lawsuit, and accompanied him with some money to get rid of it; Jingzhong couldn't be safe, and Lin Chong sent him to entangle, so he defected to people on the road, and he didn't want to meet him here today.

Lin Chong said: "Little second brother, why are you here too?" ”

Li Xiaoer bowed and said: "Since the benefactor has been relieved, the villain has been sent to the villain, and there is no one to go to the land, so I don't want to come to Cangzhou, so I entrust a hotel owner, surnamed Wang, and leave the villain to sell in the store." Because he saw that the villain was diligent, arranged good vegetables and vegetables, and mixed good juice, the people who came to eat were applauded, so they sold and bought smoothly, and the owner had a daughter, so he recruited the villain as a son-in-law. Now that the mother-in-law and mother-in-law are dead, only the villain and the husband and wife are left, and the right to open a tea hotel in front of the camp, and come to meet the benefactor because of begging for money. I don't know why it's here? ”

Lin Chong pointed to his face and said, "I was framed for evil to Captain Gao, and I suffered a lawsuit, and I was assassinated here." Now call me in Tianwangtang, I don't know how it will be in a long time. I don't want to see you here today. ”

Li Xiaoer invited Lin Chong to sit down at home and asked his wife to come out and worship his benefactor.

The two of them said happily: "My husband and wife have no relatives, and today the benefactor arrives, it is from the sky." ”

Lin Chong said: "I am a prisoner, I am afraid that I will insult your husband and wife." ”

Li Xiaoer said: "Who doesn't know the name of the benefactor!" Hugh said. But if he had clothes, he brought them to his house to wash and sew them. "At that time, Lin Chong was in charge of wine and food, and sent it back to Tianwangtang at night, and came to invite him the next day; Therefore, Lin Chong had to come and go with the second family of the shop, and sent soup and water to the camp to eat with Lin Chong from time to time. ]

……

Everyone should have an impression of the above text. Although I don't know how it is today, when I was in junior high school, "Lin Jiaotou Fengxue Mountain Temple" was still one of the Chinese textbooks. At an age when most people didn't figure out what "Flying Snow Shoots White Deer in the Sky" meant, Lin Jiaotou, Lu Tishi, and Feng Wanzhen, who took the lead, were the images that could make the boys "blood boil".

In this, there is a place mentioned, called Tianwangtang, from the original text, this is a good messenger, as long as you clean it every day, although it is worse than the forage field with money and money, but at least it is leisurely.

However, it is not clear here that this Tianwangtang ...... What is it for?

I have a copy of the "Jiading Chicheng Chronicles" written by the Song people, listing thousands of local incense and jungles. Among them, the Tianwangtang is compiled into the "ancestral temple", and there are 17 kinds of juxtaposed, namely the Chenghuang Temple, the Lingyou Xinzhu Hou Temple, the Santai Star Temple, the Erguantang, the Yuanying Shanli Zhenren Temple, the Wulie Emperor Temple, the Youzheng Temple, the Dagushan Temple, the Xiaogushan Temple, the Zhenghu Cao Temple, the Yiling Temple, the Dongyue Palace, the Lingkang Temple, the Ancestral Mountain Guanghui Temple, the Wang Yuan Lingguan Wang Xing Temple, the Pingyuan Land Temple and the Wuzhenqiao Land Temple, from the name, are all Taoist Ancestral Hall.

Strictly speaking, most of them are "obscene", and they are not authentic Taoism, at most they are a Taoist temple in a broad sense, but at least, they definitely can't climb Buddhism.

As for the investigation of the novels of the Ming and Qing dynasties, when the "Tianwangtang" is mentioned, most of the people who appear are Taoists, such as Zhu Yunming's "Qianwen Ji" when mentioning the Tianwangtang in Suzhou.

[Tianwangtang land: Gusu Luzi City's Hao shares, there are two Tianwang Halls in the east and west, and there is a land shrine in the west hall and the east of the hall, and the appearance is very similar to Emperor Taizu. According to legend, on the day of Zhang's encroachment, there are Taoists who sculpt this statue, which means that this land belongs to Taizu Yun'er. The Taoist loses his name, and the Gai is also different. Or even Xiao Shengrong, there is no Tao at the beginning. ]

Other than that...... A certain ...... that reflects the state of the Ming people Well, it can be regarded as a generalized condemnation novel, and it also coincidentally provides a circumstantial evidence that this Tianwangtang is the head of Taoism.

"At the end of the apocalypse, suddenly a person dressed as a Taoist came to Changmen. At first, he borrowed Tiger Hill, and later wandered around Yongxi Temple and East Tianwang Hall in the city. Calling himself a simple man. ”

Based on the above records, it seems that it can be said that Tianwangtang should be included in the scope of "Taoist incense".

However, in the same Book of Song, we can also find such a record:

"Tongwang County, Lizhou, there is a camphor courtyard, a hundred steps west of the county. There is Tennodo Hall inside. Former ancient cypress. There is a large pool underneath. There is a Suluo cotton tree in the south of the pond, and three or four people hold the square turn hand in hand. Mr. flowers and then leaves. Its flowers bloom in full summer. Xie Shi did not fall back, as if turning to the ground. Its stamens have cotton, which is called Suluo cotton. Good governance flourishes, and it withers out of time. Ancient legend clouds: It is the miracle of the abbot of the flesh-toothed monk. ”

Judging from this record, Tianwangtang seems to be the property of the Buddhist family, of course, this can also be explained, after all, the Tianwang Hall is the standard configuration of the Buddhist temple, a clerical error, the hall is mistakenly recorded as a hall, it is also a very reasonable thing. But in any case, at least it always shows that in the hearts of the author or the copyist, the Tianwangtang belongs to the Buddhist sect.

And, about the record of Tianwangtang, Tang Zhong has seen, such as the painting of Ma Hangan, in his line, there is a record of him in the Tianbao period into Beijing to worship, in the "Baoying Temple, Tianwang Hall, Zisheng Temple" in the land painting "monks, saddle horses, Bodhisattvas, ghosts, etc."

The same Tianwangtang, can it be able to eat the believers of both Buddhism and Taoism?

In the face of contradictory materials, we have to do some more homework, for example, to find out who the "king" is.

Kaowu classics, the word "Heavenly King", the Han Dynasty does not exist, it is a foreign word imported into China together with Buddhism, and the Taoist "Immortal Spectrum" is huge and complex, chasing the three emperors, and the chicken and dog, there are not many characters in it, but turning it over, but there is really no "Heavenly King" as the name.

The one who said, "Immortal Spectrum" does not have, but it does not mean that there is none, the godfather of Mrs. Chung in the bottomless pit of the Empty Mountain, once served as the generalissimo of demon subjugation, the twenty-eight nights, the nine Yao Xingguan, the twelve yuanchen, the five directions to reveal the truth, the four values of Gong Cao, the east and west star dou, the two gods of the north and the south, the five mountains and four desecrations, and the universal astrology, a total of 100,000 heavenly soldiers, 18 heavenly nets, and the nets of heaven and earth, the Tota Li Heavenly King who captured the demon god in the lower realm, is not a "heavenly king"?

This one...... Quite right.

Tota Li Tianwang, speaking of which, is one of the typical examples of our country's religion promoting celebrities to join the gang and making a big noise.

In the eyes of the Chinese, the line between "god" and "man" is largely blurred. On the one hand, as long as people cultivate the Tao, they will have the opportunity to ascend to the immortal, and even as long as they follow the right master who cultivates the Tao, they may follow the ascension to heaven, on the other hand, they believe in the "wisdom and integrity of the gods", those who are smart, excellent, and powerful, especially the strong and wise men who really have a good reputation among the people, will always be easily deified and sent into the realm of the gods, such as Li Erlang, who was added six younger brothers and a dog, such as the black-faced Bao Gong, who is ranked among the ten palaces of Hades...... Li Jing is also one of these people.

Li Jing in history, Nanping Xiao, Fu, North Broken Wolf Ride, West Ding Tuguhun, military achievements, known as the first Tang Dynasty, Feng Wei Guogong, there were all kinds of rumors about him at that time, such as he had been on behalf of the Dragon King Xingyu, had prayed to God in Xiyue, had known the beard, and had met the red whisk...... And so on, in the Tang legend quite a rate of appearance, and at the latest to the two Song Dynasty times, there are temples dedicated to it as a god in various places, such as the Shanxi Wind and Rain Temple, that is, "its god Tang Weigong Li Jing".

Let's look at Buddhism...... Oh, there are really not too many kings here.

…… For the time being, let's get away from the conversation and go back to talk about the word king first.

Not counting the three generations of sacrificial texts in the "Heavenly King Shengming" and the like, the current sense of "Heavenly King", is a foreign word imported into China together with Buddhism, in the ancient beliefs of South Asia, the "Heaven" has a very complex imagination and setting, later, these whimsical ideas were absorbed and transformed by Buddhism, forming the concept of "six reincarnation", dividing the world into "six paths", respecting the way of heaven, and inheriting the detailed division of the sky by the predecessors, decomposing the "Three Realms and Twenty-eight Heavens", among them, at the bottom, it is the "Four Heavenly Kings of the Desire Realm", It is also the residence of the "Four Heavenly Kings".

The four heavenly kings, transliterated as "Titou Laizha, Bilou Bocha, Bilou Lecha, Bishamen", the paraphrase is "the king of the east holding the country, the king of the west wide-eyed, the king of growth in the south, and the king of the north of the multi-Wen", its task is to "protect the world", that is, to master the mountains and rivers and woodlands of the four continents such as "the east shengshen, the south Zhanbu, the west cattle goods, and the north Julu", so it is also called the "four heavenly kings who protect the world", but the status is very low in the power system of the Buddhists, not to mention the Buddha, even with what Bodhisattva, arhat and the like are not compared. To Dali, he is a military subdivision commander who does not enter the provincial standing committee, and to Xiaoli, that is, the director of the provincial public security department, of course, there are still many junior brothers in his hands, and he is the head of a first-class violent organ.

The prototypes of the Four Heavenly Kings are all gods in ancient legends in South Asia, and were later incorporated and transformed by Buddhism.

What is he?

…… Wealth.

Duowen Tianwang corresponds to the Hindu god Kupira, this god is amazing, translated as "Shi Caitian", in ancient Indian mythology, the famous auspicious day is his wife (there is also a sister, in short, a family. Therefore, in the Buddhist paintings of the Sui and Tang dynasties, a lot of money treasures are often painted under the statue of Bishamen, which is very generous.

If you think about it, it's amazing!

As the leader of the violent agency, as soon as he goes out to open the film, he is the "eight million" younger brother at every turn, which is enough to bluff people, and at the same time, he is still in charge of the Ministry of Finance, which can give you interest-free loans or even direct grants, and can reveal inside information to guide you whether to build a warehouse or ship...... It's hard for such a person not to be popular!

So, he's really popular...... At least, he had been red until his godhead split.

During the Sui and Tang dynasties, Bishamen was extremely prosperous in the Buddhist temple, and its status was extremely high, far better than the other three heavenly kings, and there was even such a Buddhist temple layout: Sakyamuni was in the center, the auspicious day was on the left, and the Bishamen was on the right, which could be said to be a noble, monopolizing the Buddha.

When the statue of Bishamen was built independently, the typical image was as follows:

The golden body (the other three kings are white, green and red), wearing the solemn armor of the Seven Treasures Vajra, wearing a crown of golden-winged birds, wearing a long knife, holding a pagoda in the left hand, holding a trident in the right hand, stepping on the three yaksha ghosts such as Huanxitian, Nilamva, and Vilampo, the five princes and their subordinates serve the right side, and the five heavenly maidens and the wives of the heavenly king serve the left side. (There is also a shape of the pagoda that is entrusted by the third prince)

The one said, you wait, how do I think this pagoda is a little familiar? Also, I've seen a lot of images of the Four Heavenly Kings, and it's far from what you said, right?

…… Didn't we say it, this is the matter of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, at that time, the old man Bishamen was still the commander of the Northern Military Division and the minister of the Central Finance Department, and he was very popular, but he didn't expect that he would be separated from his wife in the future, lose his power and lose his army, and be beaten by some monkey, puppet, batman, three-eyed monster and other monsters as little villains.

has a wife and a son, and there are five in his life, among the four heavenly kings, the family is so good that there is one Bishamen, to say that these five sons are also different sons, some are so good that they can earn incense by themselves, and there are also those who are not so angry that they can only eat with their fathers, among the five sons, the most capable are the second prince and the third prince.

The second prince is "Dujian", and the third prince is "Nazha".

Bang!

There was an uproar, and no matter what teacups and melon seeds were mixed together, that one was really anxious, and he made a mess with his throat.

Stop, you stop, you will mix up the pagoda, what is going on with this third prince Nazha? !

That's the same thing.

…… In fact, the offering in the Tianwang Hall is the King of Bishamen, of course, he is also the King of Tota Li, or Li Jing and Li Weigong. As for this talk, it is relatively long, and you can start from Taiyuan to start with the army, or you can start from the prosperity of the Kaiyuan Dynasty.

At that time, the Li family, who raised troops from Taiyuan, as one of the old nobles of the Northern Zhou Dynasty into the Sui, was not welcomed, in the eyes of the orthodox scholars in the south, these guys who called themselves "after the Li family in Longxi" are really suspicious, and how much blood relationship there is with General Fei, God knows.

Since ancient times, when the emperor raised an army, he always had to fight a war of words first, emphasizing that he was ordered by the sky, how much auspiciousness, how much heavenly help, the Li family's momentum was not the greatest at that time, and the prestige was not the highest, and there were still many people who doubted whether the identity was Hu or Han, and it was necessary to play a banner to attract attention.

One of the myths we are most familiar with today is, of course, the Three Heroes of Wind and Dust and the World of Chess, but at that time, this was not the main battlefield of the Li family's mythological series, but just a small trick made by the Qin Palace: First, in the early days, the Li family could only package the ancestor Li Yuan with all its might, and it would not and could not tolerate Li Shimin to become the center of deification. Second, this story is more similar to the romantic heroes in the historical records and the Warring States Policy, which may be very attractive to intellectuals, but it has little meaning to the ordinary people of Li who have suffered from the exchange of swords and soldiers for hundreds of years since the Jin Dynasty.

At that time, the Li family's main focus was the Buddhist relics series.

Buddha is not the religion of China, since the Han Ming Dynasty Dream Buddha, a large number of summer, hundreds of years, believers all over the grassland, especially in the north of the alternating ethnic minorities, the entire upper class but know the sword and horse, religious belief is still in the primitive form, there is no Southern Dynasty scholar class to Confucianism and Taoism as the support, full of historical pride of the ideology, in the face of relatively advanced Buddhism completely unable to resist, it can be said that it has completely fallen, the emperor and important ministers who worship Buddha and Buddha emerge in endlessly, although there is a list of "three martial arts to destroy Buddha" in the middle One of the Northern Zhou Wuzong was killed, but the emperor bullied the orphans and widows, and after the Sui Dynasty Zhou, he led a retaliatory rebound, and Buddhism made a comeback, and then became a Feng woman, and it was a temporary fashion. In this context, packaging the Li family as a family blessed by the power of Buddha is, of course, the most effective move.

(By the way, in the Chinese court of 100 dynasties, there are four surnames and five dynasties with the name of "Zhou", in addition to the surname Ji for two weeks, there are also Yuwen's Northern Zhou, Chai Hou Zhou and Wu Zhou on behalf of the Tang Dynasty, the end of the north and the latter two is exactly the same, both of the British lord died early, leaving orphans and widows, and then was reversed by his own nest, pinching his nose Zen position, as for a generation of empresses, she was also a widow, and was opposed by her own nest, pinching her nose Zen position...... I have to say that the name of the country is really a big deal, we must keep in mind the truth of "the world is easy to move in time", and we can't be lazy to copy it if people use it well! ）

(It can be seen that Wu Sangui is not only immoral and unrighteous, but also unwise and ignorant, and he will oppose the Qing Dynasty when he starts a soldier, what is the name of the country "Da Zhou", you must know that there is a providence in the underworld, even if he can really be proud for a while, he is afraid that he will leave orphans and widows after he passes, and then he is rebelled by his own nest, pinching his nose and Zen ...... ）

Among the many myths of the early Li family, one is related to the king of Bishamen. At the beginning of the Taiyuan army, Li Mi in the Heluo region was in full swing, the appeal of the Li family was far inferior, the ability to recruit troops was limited, and at the same time, it had to face the continuous consumption of the northern Turks.

In this case, the legend of "the gods and men joining the army" naturally came into being: one day, a tall, golden-faced man took a lot of people to swagger across the street, to join the army, when asked about his identity, this person called himself "Bishamen Heavenly King", because the Li family "should be in the sky", so they came to join the army to help, and after that, this group of people, like all legends, quietly disappeared, not giving the good deeds a chance to verify the divine power.

However, from the point of view of the time, this legend was not hyped up, and in terms of effect, it did not have much effect, what really made the Li family stand on their foothold was their successful peace with the Turks and Pushan Gong made important mistakes in strategy, perhaps, it is precisely for this reason that the king of Bishamen in the early Tang Dynasty could not immediately win the favor of the imperial court and obtain a superior status.

(Well, there is another possibility, I guessed, in other words, Li Jiancheng's nickname is Bishamen, if you become Li Shimin, I'm afraid you won't treat this Northern Heavenly King very much...... Isn't it? ）

The legend that made the "Tianwangtang" fully established occurred in the Tianbao period, and the general situation at that time was very different from that of the Sui and Tang dynasties:

First, as a natural law, Buddhism has begun to fall from the peak between the north and the south, and Taoism has finally found the right feeling, firmly grasped the important grasp of the local card, and put down the shelf, not only absorbing the professional skills of Buddhism praying for rain, making concessions and other professional skills that can absorb gold and the concept of eighteen layers of hell that can be used to scare believers, but also wantonly co-opting Buddhism gods and spirits, transforming into Taoist representatives, both hands are hard, adhere to the quagmire principle of "you can, I can too", and Buddhism to form homogeneous competition, and fight a price war. As a result, the profit margins of several important Buddhist businesses have fallen sharply. (Wen and Yang Zhishi, cooking oil with fire, and local wealthy merchants can spend hundreds of gold for a flame, but during the Ruizong period, Empress Wei personally participated in the rituals, which are said to be so gorgeous that they are incomparably gorgeous, and they also concentrated the most famous group of great virtues at that time, and the total budget is only a thousand gold) In this case, Buddhism naturally wants to think of opening up sources and reducing expenditures, while looking for new market space, while trying to make the original business bigger;

Second, after Li Tang gained a firm foothold, he also realized that Buddhism was ultimately a Western Hu religion, and if he consumed excessively, he would be even more likely to be made into a pseudo-Chinese identity of "Hu Ren Hanyi", so he borrowed the word "Li" and pulled himself to Li Er, which correspondingly strengthened the identification and resource allocation of Taoism;

Thirdly, if the Empress Wu is a Buddha, if nothing is done, it will descend from the Shenlong, and the Li family clan will naturally take the depreciation of Buddha and the promotion of Taoism as one of the backlash against the Empress Wu's governance.

The combination of various factors makes the Buddhist disciples realize that there is a threshold in front of them, whether they will ascend or sink downward. There is no room for further hesitation.

(Here, I have to say that throughout the history of religion in our country, although Buddhism belongs to the West, it can always grasp Chinese characteristics more quickly and accurately than Taoism in every dispute between Buddhism and Taoism, and dilute its own fundamentalist color with greater efforts, and actively respond to the preferences and needs of believers, and truly do "What you want, I am what I am", I don't care about my original form at all, and can even give up the concept of the three Buddhas in order to expand its influence, and instead shape and promote the female Guanyin who has a demand and prestige among the people. Fat Maitreya, Shuai Weituo and the dragon and tiger are close to the "pseudo-Christ" or at least the "pseudo-saints" of the Chinese idols, the flexibility of the body and the humility of the attitude are really impressive. ）

In the first year of Tianbao, there were changes in the Western Regions, Dashi, Kangju and other five countries besieged Anxi City, Sidi, and went to the country thousands of miles away, in that era of cold weapons, it was possible to count on the domestic army to take revenge, and it was possible to count on reinforcements to come in time to relieve the siege, which was completely unreliable, and if you wanted to survive, you had to resist.

At this time, the domestic Buddhism is still dominated by "Tantra", and completely local schools of thought such as Zen Buddhism have not yet appeared, but how to vote for the emperor's favor, how to pick cheap points and earn points, these guys are really skilled.

The head of Tantra at that time was called "non-emptiness".

As soon as I heard that there was a change in the Western Regions, I ran to the Ming Emperor and told my emperor, you are in a hurry, that pimple is a good place, it is the hometown of the King of Bishamen, as long as you believe me, let me do a ritual and ask the King of Heaven to help, there is absolutely no problem!

In the Western Regions at that time, there was indeed a legend that Khotan (today's Khotan, the place where good jade came out) was the hometown of the King of Bishamen, and the kings of Khotan have always claimed to be the descendants of the King of Bishamen, and there is a legend that the King of Heaven appeared to help resist the Huns, and he probably figured out this idea.

This Li Longji is not a stupid person who is easy to deceive, but if you touch your head and think about it, there is nothing to lose in this matter? At most, ask me for money for religious activities, money...... I still have thousands of rooms in Xiaoyi, and the public and private warehouses are so rich, are you afraid that you will have no money?

As a result, he was ordered by the emperor to do a ritual and asked the second son of the king of heaven to lead the divine soldiers to help.

Why is it the second son, but there is also particular, as mentioned earlier, in the original form of Buddhism, the second and third sons of the five sons of the king of Bishamen are the most promising, but in detail, the division of labor between the two is different, the second prince often leads the heavenly soldiers to protect its borders, and the third prince often holds the tower with the king. It's a bit like the division of labor between Li Shimin and Li Yuanji at the beginning.

According to the saying at the time, as soon as the Dharma was done, it was immediately seen that "Dujian, the second son of the King of Bishamen, led two or three hundred gods to stand in front of the dojo", the gods said goodbye to Chang'an, and went to Anxi to relieve the siege in the afternoon of the same day.

That one said, your book is hilarious, is it really fake?

…… I really don't dare to say this.

First of all, the story mentioned above is indeed not made by a neighbor, and there is already a very complete narrative in Tang Bing's book "Divine Mechanism Enemy Taibai Yin Sutra".

"The scriptures say: The ancients, the Son of Heaven looked at the mountains and rivers, and was all over the gods; The princes sacrificed to the gods of the mountains and rivers in the clouds and rain, and the teachers were sacrificed, and the famous mountains and rivers passed by, blessed and the living. Deity, "Erya" cloud: "It is a kind of 禡, and the teacher is also sacrificed; and the uncles prayed, and the horses sacrificed." At the beginning of the division, the tooth gate of the army was prayed for, and the horses were prayed. Chiyou made five soldiers, made a banner, and sacrificed to the division. Its name is mountains and rivers, and the wind and rain master and the sacrifice is made, but no. ”

"The god of Bishamon Ben Xihu Dharma Buddha, said that the four heavenly kings are the northern heavenly kings. There is a temple in Khotan City, the body is covered with golden armor, the right hand holds a halberd, and the left hand is a tower. In previous years, Tubo surrounded Khotan, and saw that the Jin people were sent to carry halberds in the city at night, and hundreds of thousands of Tubo people were suffering from sores and diseases, and they could not win, and the soldiers turned into black rats, biting the bowstring, and there was no end; Tubo helped the sick and escaped, the country knew its god, it was edicted to build a temple on the side, and the marshal also figured its shape on the flag, saying: God flag. Before the Deju Flag Festival. Therefore, the army came out to sacrifice it, and so far Fuzhou County has set up more temples of heavenly kings! Yiyun: In the past, Tubo surrounded Anxi, and the North Court played a request for help, and Tang Yuanzong said: Anxi went to Beijing for 12,000 miles, and it must be in August, and there is no way to arrive." The left and right please summon the three Tibets, and order the king of Bishamen, the teacher, please hold the incense burner, the teacher recites the mantra, the emperor suddenly saw the armor in front of the standing, the emperor asked if it was not empty, and it was not empty and said: "The king of heaven sent the second son to save Anxi alone, and came to resign to Your Majesty." Later Anxi played the clouds: "In the clouds and mist thirty miles northeast of the city, I saw that the soldiers were about five or six miles long, and when they reached the unitary time, the drums were sounded, and the horns shook for three hundred miles, and they stopped for two days. In the camps of Kangju and other five countries, there are golden rats biting bows and crossbow strings, and the instruments are damaged. ”

Taibai Yin Jing is roughly written in the Su and Dynasty years, its author is generally believed to be Li Zhen, he once presented this book in the second year of Yongtai, its content "records the affairs of the division with soldiers, people strategize, siege equipment, Tuntian war horses, camp formation map, exhaustive, autumn must be recorded", the book is divided into ten volumes, of which the sixth volume is all sacrificial texts: Ji has a tooth, Ma Wen, sacrifice Chi You, famous mountains and rivers, Feng Bo Yu Shi, Bishamen Tianwang and other texts, which since Chi You below, all ancient Chinese beliefs, only Bishamen a foreign household. It should be said that this part of the content can be regarded as the authoritative version of the belief in the army in the Tang Dynasty, and it can be seen that the Bishamen faith was indeed very important at that time.

However, judging from the above records, the status of Bishamen seems to be a bit problematic.

The text quoted above is the "General Preface to the Sacrifice Text", which is intended to explain why the above people were sacrificed before the battle, but three-quarters of the text is devoted to the deeds of King Bishamen, and the others are passed by.

…… This shows that at that time, the status of Bishamen was still not tough enough.

Let's look at today's activities, but if the host doesn't come out before he comes out, he can vigorously blow what "famous, famous, ......famous" and the like, no need to guess, eighty percent of us don't know each other, and then watch TV commercials, what ice ice water, soup and vegetables, as long as you run a little trick abroad, you will immediately add the words "international superstar" to the advertisement...... It's Li XX Gong X and their advertisements, and people never want to type these words.

It's not just poetry and books...... Popularity, it's the same, from this point of view, at that time, Bishamen was in the army, which was probably equivalent to the status of Bing Bingshui in the entertainment industry...... The reputation is a little bit, but the main thing is that there are people on top of it, if you want to say that everyone recognizes it from the heart, I am afraid that it will take ten years to talk about it.

Of course, this may be a bit mean, and no matter how famous he is, King Bishamen is still officially recognized as one of the gods of war after all.

However, this record can't answer the above questions, the Taibai Yin Sutra must be a military book, not a history book, and it only records this story, not the source of the story.

That...... Look for it again.

Middle Tang Dynasty, Late Tang Dynasty, Five Dynasties...... There are really a lot of ancient books recorded in this story, but unfortunately, most of them are just records, and there is no source, so I find it very hateful, "XX original (scanning), please keep this line for reprinting"...... This is the minimum posting etiquette, right!?

I have been looking for the Great Song Dynasty, and finally found two good comrades who know how to add the word ZT to the back of the post, one is Zanning, the work is "The History of the Great Song Dynasty Monks", and the other is Pang Yuanying, the work is "Tan Xu". Both of them are very moral and attached a note: this is a repost, not original, if you want to see the original text, please jump to the "Bishamen sadhana" and see the attachment......

Finally found the source, then it's simple, just dig out the original text and see?

However, before turning over the building, let's check the chronology first:

According to the "Zhenyuan Interpretation of the Teachings", Master Bukong Sanzang was a native of the lion country and was born in the first year of Tang Shenlong. He became a monk at an early age, and at the age of 14 he met Vajra Zhi Sanzang in Poguo (now Java, Indonesia), and came to China in 720 (the eighth year of Kaiyuan) to Luoyang, at this time, there were still 22 years before the first year of Tianbao.

Looking down again, the problem arises: in the twenty-ninth year of Kaiyuan, Tang Xuanzong ordered King Kong Zhizhi and his disciples to return to China. In the same year, King Kong Zhi died of illness. He was ordered to send credentials to the Lion Country. He set out from Guangzhou in December of that year (lunar calendar) and arrived in the Lion Kingdom a year later. In the local Buddha Tooth Relic Temple, he continued to study Tantric Buddhism under the teacher of Puxian Acharya, and the time to return to the Tang Dynasty was ...... Trimble five years.

Tempo five years?!

That...... Who was that guy who asked Tang Xuanzong for money to do magic in the first year of Tianbao?

Okay, let's go find this and whatever.

The original text is like this: "Tang Tianbao Yuan Dai Ren is at the age of five. On February 11 of the same year, the five kingdoms of Dashikang besieged Anxi City, and there was a request for troops to rescue. The sage told Zen Master Yixing. The monk Anxi was besieged by the □□□□□□ kingdom of Oishi Kang. There is a table to ask for soldiers. Anxi went to Beijing for 12,000 miles. The army marched eight months to Anxi. That is, immortality. All. The party said, "Your Majesty, why don't you invite the northern Bishamen Heavenly King to help." How can the saint Yun Zhen please it? The line said that he would be invited to call Hu Seng Daguangzhi. “

Hey? How did you become a master in the line? Moreover, who is this Hu monk Da Guangzhi?

In the Tang Dynasty of China (or the entire history of Chinese Buddhism), there was only one famous monk of Daguangzhi, and someone was given the title of Daguangzhi Sanzang by Daizong in the first year of Yongtai (765). Someone is ......

Not empty!!

Now it's finally come to an end, and the one who invited the king of Bishamen is still not empty, but he is doing it thousands of miles away...... Is it okay to say so?

Unfortunately, there is another problem, a line of masters passed away in the fifteenth year of Kaiyuan...... Even if his Dharma cultivation is profound, a person who has passed away for more than ten years wants to invite God for the emperor in the first year of Tianbao, I am afraid that it will be impossible.

And, most importantly, the author of the Sadhana of Bishaman.

…… Daxingshan Temple, Sanzang Shamen, Daguangzhi is not empty, and the edict is translated

After a big turn, it's still him!!

Co-authored, he is his own research for himself, and its nature, and today's behavior of some people who open the building by themselves, and then change their vests and enter the top floor, is exactly the same, to say that there is a difference, at most he did not change the vest when he was on the top floor.

In fact, it should be said that this story was impossible from the beginning.

Since the defeat of the Great Food in the Battle of Thirsty Water Day in the twelfth year of Kaiyuan, and the return of the Kangshi Kingdoms to the Tang Dynasty, until the Battle of Talas in the ninth year of Tianbao, the Western Regions were firmly controlled by the Tang Empire. This understanding of the situation in the Western Regions is in line with the impression of ordinary people in the Western Regions during the Daizong period when Anxi's troops were withdrawn after the Anshi Rebellion and the exchanges with the Central Plains were cut off.

To sum up, considering that an important characteristic of Buddhism in its long-term missionary work is that it is good at fabricating various stories of karma...... We can assume that the above story is purely a fabrication. When there was no such edict during the Tianbao period, it was naturally impossible to promote and spread the worship of the Heavenly King caused by this edict. The attached text of "Bishamen Ritual" was written in the reign of Daizong, at this time, after the Anshi Rebellion, through Suzong and Daizong, there are probably not many people who can clearly tell the story of Tianbao's early years, so even Daizong's belief in the non-empty boldly forged such a myth.

Myths are myths, and if someone believes it, it is useful, just like CNN and VOA are, but there are still people who are willing to listen to him...... After the Tang Dynasty, with the efforts of the tantric monks, the whole country finally set off a round of learning the spirit of Bishamen, worshipping the king of Bishamen, and further promoting the sound and rapid development of the Tang Dynasty. This craze was inherited, through the late Tang Dynasty, five dynasties, until the Northern Song Dynasty, the incense of Tianwangtang or Bishamen Tianwang was extremely vigorous, far better than the other three kings.

From this, we can also solve a small problem reflected in the Water Margin above: why is Tianwangtang, as a religious site, managed and maintained by local garrisons? Because it was originally set up to bless the garrison, in a sense, it is equivalent to the goddess of victory worshiped by the Greeks or the golden cross brought by the Europeans, the holy relics of the army, and so on.

The prestige of the Heavenly King of Bishamen has reached a new peak, which is a status that he has never enjoyed in his hometown, not only among the four heavenly kings, but even, in some localized texts, his status has surpassed the layers of barriers from Arhat to Bodhisattva, and has begun to be treated as a Buddha-level god.

For example, one of the predecessors of Journey to the West, "The Poetry of the Tang Sanzang", written in the Northern Song Dynasty, at the beginning of the book, after the monkey walker first met Tang Sanzang, he gave the Northern Heavenly King a very high-profile appearance.

"The Master asked, 'What is in heaven today?' The walker said, 'Today, the crystal palace of the great Brahma king of Bishamen in the north is fasting. The Dharma Master said, 'Do you want to go to fast together by your might?' ’”

Therefore, not to mention that the matter of "fasting" should not be done by one's own people at all, just looking at the position of the king of Bishamen, it is gorgeous and frightens people to death.

"And see thousands of fragrant flowers, thousands of fruits, drums, and wooden fish; Five hundred Arhats, accompanied by eyebrows and mouths, the Buddhas in the metropolitan palace perform the Dharma. ”

Arhats are only for serving, and the Buddhas are performing the Dharma together, this nature, according to the Tang Dynasty, is equivalent to sitting on the throne and arranging wine, and the Li clan staying below to laugh, if you want to do this in Tianzhu...... Of course, in Tianzhu, he didn't have the courage to forgive Bishamen.

After that, the king of the North Heaven also questioned Sanzang's Buddhism, gave him three magic weapons, a tin staff, a bowl, and an invisible hat, and promised that if there is any difficulty, he will point to the heavenly palace and shout 'Heavenly King', which should be saved. ”…… In short, he snatched the role of the great mercy and compassion in Journey to the West to save the suffering and save Guanyin, not to mention the essence, and even the magic weapon that should have been the original of the Buddha has changed his human feelings.

In other words, the text of this place, carefully studied, in fact, there are many problems, the most obvious one, the author obviously did not understand the meaning of "Heavenly King", and actually invented the term "Northern Bishamen Great Brahma King" himself.

The name of the king of heaven itself is indeed very popular, the king of heaven, what NB...... But the heavens of India and the heavens of China are not the same thing at all.

As mentioned earlier, after Buddhism absorbed the primitive mythology of South Asia, it created the concept of "heavens", which is divided into three realms and 28 days, and each heaven has its own master.

(By the way, the 33 days of the Taoist system are influenced by the 28 days of Buddhism, and as for the forced addition of five layers of heaven in order to show that the Taoist level is higher, that ...... There is no need to comment. ）

The Four Heavenly Kings are the lowest level of the Three Realms, one of the six heavens of the "Desire Realm Heaven", and the Great Brahma who belongs to the "Color Realm Heaven" system, the level is inferior to the old nose, you say that Bishamen is the king of the Great Brahma, that nature, and let the secretary of the municipal party committee ignore it, and talk to the director of the public security bureau about the coordination of the construction of the development zone, which is basically the same level of error.

What's more, even if it is really the Great Brahma King here...... He is not qualified to make so many Buddhas and Bodhisattvas to carry the bridge for him.

Don't say that there are four heavens of the highest level of "colorless world" above the eighteen heavens of the color world, as far as the color world itself is concerned, the eighteen heavens are divided into four, which are the first Zen heavens, the two Zen heavens, the three Zen heavens and the four Zen heavens, among them, the four Zen heavens are subdivided into five pure sky heavens, and the great Brahma is only three of the three days of one Zen, and it is the third to last in the entire color world. Compared with the Buddhas who dwell in the five pure heavens, you can't even see the ashes of people's heels......

Of course, as far as the Great Brahma King himself is concerned, he is also very promising, but that was before he lost power.

In the process of the rise of Buddhism, a large number of Hindu gods and goddesses were absorbed, including the supreme god of Hinduism, Brahma, who in the legend is the creator of all things and the ruler of all demons...... However, after being co-opted by Buddhism, his status had to drop sharply, and he became a protector god, and he didn't even mix with the Bodhisattva, and it was similar to the status of those obedient marquis and Shanyang Gong.

In this place, my feeling is that, on the one hand, the exchange of information between China and South Asia was not uncommon at that time, and when the emasculated version of Buddhism was introduced, the information of primitive Hinduism also flowed in, and on the other hand, how many of the ordinary people can remember the primitive form of Buddhism? At most, I know that it is called "Brahma", but coincidentally, the four words "Great Brahma King" literally look like this, which is equivalent to saying that this lord is "the biggest king in Brahma...... Damn, then he doesn't have to be at the level of Shakyamuni!

As for attaching the Bishamen to the Great Brahma King, on the one hand, it may be indiscriminate in the process of copying or singing, and on the other hand, it can also be regarded as a further sinicization of Buddhist legends.

The structure of 28 days is very important for Buddhist theory, but after all, for the Chinese people, there is only one day above their heads, and there are two days when the sky is about to be chaotic, and there are more than 20 days to come out...... Can't live this day?

The three-dimensional structure of heaven is compressed into two dimensions, on the one hand, it is to achieve flat management, diluting the infinite intermediate link between the lower four heavenly kings and the highest level, on the other hand, it is the luck of the northern heavenly king, in China's own celestial power structure, the north is where the supreme power is located...... The two are combined, and this is round: take a look, sure enough, the pigeon in the world is as white, and Lafayette is also the largest North Star!

All kinds of factors combined, and Bishamen inexplicably ascended to the throne and became one of the several "talkers" of the Buddhist family.

But...... The full moon is a loss, the prosperity is the decline, both over the mountain, there will be a down, in the Bishamen Heavenly King to the peak, in the darkness, the local gods are already lurking.

As mentioned earlier, in the process of localization, Buddhism can basically be said to be completely unprincipled in order to absorb believers, what you want, I am what I am, providing meticulous services, such as Tianwangtang, and also the business of the God of Wealth and the God of War, such as Guanyin Temple, which is simply one of those specialized hospitals that treat infertility now...... All of these have effectively expanded its business and played a huge role in its deep roots in the Chinese people.

However, there is also a problem here, these gods are registered without patents, and they will not obtain a natural monopoly just because you enter the market first, and it will take a huge effort to maintain the profit points that have been made.

Avalokiteshvara is a typical project of Buddhism, which is very successful: to this day, the high-profit and low-risk business of "asking for children" is still firmly controlled by it, and no other god can touch it, and everyone is doing business such as praying for blessings, etc., and she has always had a stable market share. As for King Bishamon, unfortunately, he is also a typical project...... The kind of typical failure.

Not counting the halos obtained after sinicization, the identity of the king of Bishamen is not low in Buddhism, and he is the only one among the four heavenly kings who has a family and a mouth, and they are all very powerful: the second son and the third son have all presided over the work independently, and they have their own halls, and the wife (or sister) is at least a deputy minister...... However, these are of little significance to the Chinese people, and what really makes him higher than Yu Yu is because he is also the god of wealth in the government, because he is the god of war who blesses and wins battles.

…… Unfortunately, Chinese may believe that foreign monks can recite well, or they may believe that foreign doctors can cure diseases, but they will never think that the banks of foreign devils are more reliable than the central bank. It's just a matter of having no choice, but once the local God of Wealth appears...... Bishamen had no choice but to face the reality and cede its glory for hundreds of years to more Chinese and local names.

Moreover, it must be admitted that Taoism played a very beautiful combination punch when competing for this business, sending a number of characters with different identities, origins, and qualifications to jointly divide the God of Wealth Market, and eat all the high, medium and low ends, leaving no room for Bishamen to fish in troubled waters at all. By the time of the Southern Song Dynasty, the so-called god of wealth among the people was completely the black-faced Zhao Gongming, and there were very few people who could even think of Lord Bishamen.

(Regarding the origin and division of labor of the God of Wealth, I will not repeat it here, if you are interested, please see the article "God of Wealth".) ）

The loss of the most important business made Bishamen suffer a slap in the face, but if it was just like this, he could still maintain the façade, after all, all the state roads in the world have Tianwangtang maintained by the government, and the people are not waiting to see it, and there are incense sent by the official family on a regular basis, less is less, and piety is not very pious, but it is always enough for the family to live.

…… It's a pity that even this little bit of life is about to be unbearable.

If the people always trust the central bank more when they have a choice, then for the soldiers who mainly fought the imperial border war in the name of "righteousness", it is even more absurd to rely on an outsider. Here are two texts, let's compare.

First paragraph

"Wei is a certain year, a certain month, a certain month, a certain day, a certain general, a certain sacrifice to the prison. After Emperor Yan, the god of Chiyou said: At the beginning of the ancient times, the fashion was simple, the stone was a crossbow, and the string wood was an arc. Now it is a soldier, a leather for armor, a tree for a banner, a drum for a spear, a halberd shield. The saint Yuyu, dying of the sea, the four conquests are not court, serving the strong and fearing the mighty, cutting down the rebellion and punishing the violence, and controlling the benefits of the five soldiers, which is the capital of all nations. The emperor's sons raised a group of children, and righteousness was immoral. Rong Di is cunning, and the ants are gathering to be deserted. Today, the six divisions are under martial law, respectfully carry out the punishment of heaven, the gods are not ignorant, Jingfu comes to Zhen, so that the drum increases the qi, Xiong Jing Zuowei, there is no strong city in the city, there is no horizontal formation in the field, such as flying frost and rolling wood, such as pulling out the mountain and pressing the eggs, the fire and the wind sweeps, Rong Xia Datong, allow me to be the virtue of one person, and the merit of the five soldiers. ”

Second paragraph

"Wei is a certain year, a certain month and a certain day, a certain general, a certain chief, with fragrant water, poplar branch oil lamp, milk porridge crispy honey dumplings to support the god of the northern great sage Bisha Heavenly King said: Fu Wei is the town of the north, protect all things, all living beings are rebellious, wanton to punish, such as Nirvana, entrusted to the Dharma. It is a pagoda in hand, a golden armor quilt, a majestic Shangqiu, and a dew of dew. Five gods and ghosts, goblins from all directions, special shapes, with feathers; Or three sides and six hands, or one side and four eyes, the face is like blue, the hair is like fire, the teeth are crumbling and out, the claws are hooked and exposed, the thunder and lightning, the clouds and rain, the wind sucking, the frost and hail. It is also commanding, open the sea, pull out Sumeru, destroy the wind wheel, powder and iron encirclement, and follow the fingers, Xianlai drives. The country is Qinruo, the Dharma protector is subdued, the countries return to their hearts, and the ten directions are transformed. However, he Hu Lu, still dare to be unconscious, meat-eating border hooligans, fishing and hunting pavilion barriers, the Son of Heaven is out of the teacher, asking the sin to be famine, the king of heaven should have a heart of great compassion, the power of protecting the mind, annihilating the evil, helping my armor soldiers, so that Diao Dou is not shocked, too white and unmistakable, although the matter is gathered in the border generals, and the credit is attributed to the king of heaven. ”

The above two texts are both quoted from the "Taibai Yin Sutra", the first is the sacrifice of the Chi Yuwen, and the second is the sacrifice of the King of Bishamen. If we take a closer look, we will see that there are at least a few such differences.

The first is the way of worship, which is based on the animal prison, which is a typical local ritual, although a little bloody, but it fits the atmosphere of the battlefield. The latter is what kind of water, oil, milk, etc., in other words, even today, if the commander before the battle takes out a box of moisturizer when making a mobilization speech, he can vigorously wipe it on his face...... It's not always a good thing for the morale of the brothers below, is it?

(By the way, what is the purified water poplar branch, is one of the more typical characteristics of Guanyin, in fact, during the Sui and Tang dynasties, the Guanyin belief was not fully formed, and later matured in the Ming and Qing dynasties of many Guanyin legends, is to absorb a variety of elements, among them, the related legends of Bishamen are also a more important part, such as the performance of the Heavenly King in the previous Sanzang poems, to the Ming Dynasty completely changed the Guanyin thing. ）

(By the way, by the way, I said earlier that Bishamen and his family still have an auspicious day...... As one of the few goddesses in primitive Buddhism, in the process of feminizing Guanyin in local Buddhism, it is natural to absorb a large number of legends and characteristics of auspicious heaven. ）

The second is the reason for worship, in the previous text, because Chiyou created the five soldiers, so he was enshrined as the ancestor of the soldiers, asking for his blessing, in the later text, because Bishamen was "entrusted with the Dharma", so, it was also specifically pointed out that "the country is admirable, the Dharma protector is subdued, the countries return to the heart, and the ten directions." In other words, it means a bit ......of a "holy war", if you don't believe me, I will cut you...... Not to mention that China has no popular foundation for religious wars since Confucianism made the theory of "the unity of heaven and man", at the very least, there is a big hidden danger here. If the "country" doesn't believe in Buddhism, or the "Hulu" outside is more heart-oriented than us, then ...... Who is he bless on the battlefield?!

Extending from the above, we can also find the third difference, in Chiyou, it is "the fire and the wind sweeps, Rong Xia Datong", to change from Xia to Yi, the position is very clear, but in Bishamen, it is just "Diao is not surprised, too white and unmistakable", although it can be regarded as a victory, but it is always a little deliberately downplaying the "political attributes", the meaning of war for the sake of war.

…… There are many differences that can be analyzed in this way, but I just want to emphasize one more here.

When expressing respect for Chiyou, it is said that "the virtue of one person is allowed to me, and the merit of the five soldiers is you", and when he expresses respect for Bishamen, he says "Although the matter is gathered in the border generals, the credit is attributed to the king of heaven".

Although the matter is gathered in the border generals, the credit is attributed to the king!

If we are a border general, after the battle, we will end up with such a sentence, what will we think, how will we say?

Straight slick thief's pickled spill ...... What kind of bird thing is this!

It can be said that as a foreign military god forcibly worshipped by the emperor on a whim, Bishamen lacked sufficient foundation from the beginning, and there was a Tang generation to pay it back, and by the time of the Song Dynasty, the Daojun Emperor came out one after another, and all the northern tribes held the Buddha to the old nose high, in this case, the legitimacy of Bishamen as a military god obviously has to be questioned, and will inevitably be weakened.

Especially since the Southern Song Dynasty, on the one hand, science has flourished, and many Taoist gentlemen who have been released as officials have taken it as their duty to defend Buddhism and sweep away obscenity. On the one hand, the alien races in the north suffered one after another, which led to the continuous amplification of fear and rejection of foreign factors, and the incense of Tianwangtang gradually declined. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, with the repeated changes of political power and the split of the Bishamen Godhead, the people's belief in Tianwangtang was greatly weakened and completely de-Buddhism, and the local government no longer maintained Tianwangtang with official funds.

(At this point, I can't help but want to praise Mr. Shi and Luo, the second Mr. is in the Ming season, separated by Mengyuan, and has been far away from the Tang and Song dynasties, but it is written by hand, such an inconspicuous detail, but it can be properly ironed, in line with the Northern Song Dynasty customs, its delicateness, its meticulousness, its style, its self-cherishing and self-respect, enough to be a model for a hundred generations, and if compared with the so-called "historical masters" who are running on the horse today, it is even more difficult to have the sigh of "Weisi people".) ）

However, it is okay to say that it is absurd, it is okay to say that it is funny, and the worship of the king of Bishamen for hundreds of years, after all, has cultivated a group of people who have faith in the temple of the heavenly king, although they may not know that the name of this king is "Bishamen", and they do not know that his identity is "King of the North", but they still have faith in it, these people may be illiterate and uneducated, but their belief is also the most difficult to shake. The temple on the court, Qin and Chu, yesterday and today, have almost no impact on them. Moreover, these silent and stubborn beliefs will generate power in the accumulation, which will react on the temple.

(Of course, in such a process, there must also be some ideas and values that can be accepted and believed in by the broadest masses of the people, and only in this way can they persevere.) ）

Before, I wrote a passage in "Dragon Boat Festival", and I think it is completely appropriate to use it here: "Year after year, in the end, the trickle that quietly circulated in the countryside merged into a powerful river, which rolled back to the temple and began to wash the memories of the scribes." "This is the resurrection of Tianwangtang, but it is not the resurrection of Bishamen, from prosperity to decline, rebirth from death, Tianwangtang has been reborn, and finally it has been completely sinicized.

Some characteristic things are still retained, such as the pagoda in the hand, which is still in hand, and enriches the seven-layer exquisite and other characteristics, but it has been sinicized, such as the statue of Sakyamuni enshrined on the pagoda is gone, for example, the trident in the hand has been quietly transformed into the tiger fork used by Chinese hunters, and then later, it has become the Fang Tian painting halberd used by military generals.

The sinicization of appearance, naturally accompanied by the sinicization of identity, since there is no corresponding such a military god in the legend, it is better to elevate those smart and upright deceased to the top, Li Jing, as the first god of war in the Tang Dynasty, has high merit and can finally test the blessing, and there are many miracles and legends, so far-fetched, and finally became the king of Tota Li.

(Li Jing's Tianwang, it should be said that it is just accidental, but the sinicization of Tianwang is an inevitability, if it is not him, then there will definitely be other Qin Tianwang, Luo Tianwang and even Zhao Tianwang, Zhang Tianwang)

Li Jing was originally a Tang minister, and he would never serve Hoover in the west, and naturally, with the transformation of Li Jing of the Heavenly King, the Tianwang Hall in various places also quietly fell into the hands of the Daomen.

At the same time, there were also two sons of Bishamen who were more promising.

The house of the third son is the fastest, strictly speaking, his transformation and co-optation, still before the father, according to the "Five Lantern Huiyuan", as early as the two Song Dynasty, there have been a number of records related to it, here are a few to name a few:

"How is Nazha's original body being the body of Nazha, and the flesh being returned to his mother?"

"Three heads and six arms, the wrath of the emperor bell"

"Eight-armed Nazha cold peep"

"A sentence of absolute interpretation, that zha optimus pillar"

"Prince Nazha returned his mother by dissecting his flesh, returning his father by dissecting his bones, and then spoke for his parents on the lotus flower. How is it the body of the prince before the trial?"

Although all the books here are written in Buddhist language, ...... None of these are part of the legend of the original house, but the content enriched by Chinese monks. From it, we can see the transition from the image of the Indian god with "three heads and eight arms" to the image of the Chinese god with "three heads and six arms", the original plot of "Flesh and Bone", and the new feature of "wrath...... Wait a minute.

You know, "Five Lantern Huiyuan" is an important line in the early days of Zen Buddhism, what is Zen Buddhism? It is the Buddhism that has been fully reformed by Chinese intellectuals, and it is the product of Buddhism's comprehensive acceptance of the "three religions of the same origin", which cannot be said to be a "Buddhist system with Chinese characteristics", but a complete "Buddhist system with Chinese characteristics".

The house and his father were incorporated together, and two mouths were added to the name, called Nezha, the god of the three altars of the sea meeting, to be in front of the Lingxiao Palace, and with the word "Zha" added two more brothers, called Jinzha and Muzha, the name is completely Chinese, and the action does not forget the original, and the Bodhisattva practice, but the Heavenly Palace still has the right to dispatch directly...... Roughly speaking, it can be regarded as an exchange cadre (or a reserve cadre of commissioning?) in the Buddhist system of the Taoist system. It's right.

The one asked again, wait, what do you mean by Tim, people are originally line three, is it okay to have two brothers?

This one...... Do you see that Dujian Dujian and the second master, what is the resemblance to Muzha?

The names of Jin and Mu were obviously forcibly added in order to correspond to the name of the "Third Prince", which is also a proof that the only thing that can sinicize the Third Prince is the folk belief, and it is some people who basically have no original knowledge of Buddhism and do not know that his second brother has his own hall.

But,In the process of sinicization,Dujian's treatment is indeed a little worse than that house.,That house just added two mouths.,But to Dujian.,Except for pets,There's nothing left.。

In other words, line two, raise pets...... Together, what do you think of?

I can't think of wow, that, again...... Three-eyed ......

Syllable!

You guessed it, it's him, the three eyes of the gods in the heavenly realm who are most often put forward as villains, Erlang Xiansheng Zhenjun is also known as Zhaohui Lingxian Erlang is also!

Of course, the formation of the legend of Erlang God is a combination of factors, it should be said that it is mainly a folk god created by Chinese localization, but it is generally believed that the image of the roaring dog is gradually evolved from the golden rat of Dujian, and the three-pointed two-edged knife is also related to the trident, as for the three eyes on his forehead, it is a typical image of the ancient mythology of the South Asian subcontinent.

The relevant businesses have been co-opted, the tower, the fork, and the son are gone, and the Bishamen is just Bishamen, looking back, what should I do? Look, yo, those three brothers are still waiting there.

In other words, the friendship of the four heavenly kings is really good, the three heavenly kings have watched him beautiful for hundreds of years, watched him rise tall buildings, watched him sing and dance, and watched him collapse, although there was no incense in the middle, but when it was over, he waved his hand, don't say anything, come back and win!

It is said that at that time, the former Bishamen, and now the king of Duowen, tears must have flowed...... Brothers are brothers!

As soon as he retreated, he was still a little unaccustomed to it, how generous he was to hear about the king? Don't say it, there are still people who play the banner, and now the follower is gone, but this banner is still a little reluctant, what should I do, I play it myself?

However, after all, there are only a few people who know the banners, and after a long time, along with this shape, it was slowly changed to an umbrella, and then, it was simply installed with a completely Taoist name, called the mixed yuan pearl umbrella. Later, the folk made a new interpretation, using the "umbrella" to take the "rain", combining the "edge" of the oriental sword, the "tune" of the southern pipa, and the "shun" of the northern snake mink, which is called "the wind and the rain are smooth". At this point, the localization of the Four Heavenly Kings was finally completed, and Bishamen finally forgot about the past, and became the "Unknown Gods" of the Heavenly King with peace of mind.

However, sometimes it is inevitable that there will be a little pimple, such as when you show your face in a large-scale performance task such as "Romance of the Gods", look at what lotus puppet and what three-eyed person is viciously beaten on the other side, and then think about the ...... This, this breath is really not smooth!

Kong Zhang broke the problem in July 2007

Completed in September 2008

(In the process of writing this article, we have received great assistance from Wanse Empty Cat, and we hereby thank you!) ）