At the end of 1857, with the end of the Mexican Civil War, the Italian peninsula in southwest Europe also underwent great changes.

After Italy seized the Lombardy region of Venezia with the help of the Austro-Prussian War, it has been gearing up to go south and unify the Italian peninsula. But politically, there is no support. During the Austro-Prussian War, France supported Italy because it did not want Austria to be too strong, but after seeing Austria being attacked by Prussia, France began to worry that Italy was too strong and began to suppress Italy.

In order for the Savoy dynasty to unify Italy, it had to annex two regimes, the Papal States in the middle of the Italian peninsula, and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, which ruled southern Italy. But the Papal States have been manned since the last European Revolution, with French troops, who were the protective forces invited by the Pope. France is an authentic Catholic apologist and bears the burden of protecting the Catholic Church's duty and honor around the globe. Therefore, historically, the teaching cases that broke out in China, Vietnam and other countries were all justified pretexts for French aggression. Similarly, Russia is the apologetic state of the Orthodox Church, so every time there is a Russo-Turkish war, Russia always talks about the persecution of Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire.

But a few years ago, the Franco-Prussian War allowed the Italians to find an opportunity, and the Red Shirts of the national volunteer army led by Garibaldi went south to the Papal States, and easily destroyed the armed forces of the Papal States, because at this time the French army had retreated because of the Franco-Prussian War, and Prussia also promised to support Italy in order to contain France.

As a result, Italy picked up a bargain and occupied the Papal States, which occupied one-third of Italy's territory, and Garibaldi's purpose was to unify Italy, so he handed over the Papal States to the House of Savoy, and the Kingdom of Italy occupied two-thirds of Italy's territory. In the north, Venice was left in Austrian control, and in the south, there was a Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.

The Savoy dynasty was still married to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, and the king wanted to negotiate a settlement, and he was even willing to follow the German model and let the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies retain military and diplomatic power, but Ferdinand II preferred to remain independent. Austria also supported Ferdinand II, so Italy was never able to be united.

Ferdinand II's biggest weakness was not military strength, the population of the Two Sicilies was large, and Ferdinand II established an army of 100,000 men, which was not weak. The biggest weakness was politics, and his rule was very unpopular, especially after the cession of Sicily, which quickly angered the Italian people, and protests continued throughout the two Sicilies. When he went to Mexico to become king, Garibaldi seized the opportunity to lead 3,000 Red Shirts south from the Papal States. The two Sicilies were empty of 100,000 troops, but the Red Shirts were greeted everywhere, government officials expressed support for the unification of Italy, parliament was reopened, and the army turned its allegiance to the House of Savoy.

As a result, most of the two Sicilian armies surrendered without a fight, and Garibaldi drove directly into the capital Naples, occupying the country of nine million people, and Ferdinand II went into exile in Austria.

Now the problem comes, by surrendering the two Sicilian armies, Garibaldi already has an army of more than 100,000 people, Cavour and other Italian politicians are very suspicious of him, and have warned the king many times, as a politician, this is what he should do, but under the description of Garibaldi's supporters, Cavour is a shameless politician who slanders, in fact, Cavour often has conflicts with the king, and is not a villain who flatters the king.

The king of Italy has always been very supportive of Garibaldi, but this time he did not dare to support it, because Garibaldi's national sentiment was too fierce, and after controlling the kingdom of the Two Sicilies, he hoped that the king would support him to cross the sea and attack Sicily, which was ceded to the Chinese European company, which in the eyes of the king and Cavour and other politicians was tantamount to seeking death. But Garibaldi's action didn't look like he was looking for death.

Garibaldi asked the Kingdom of Italy to send him a small fleet to land in Sicily, and he thought that the Sicilian people would support him in expelling the Chinese colonists.

But at this time the army of the Kingdom of Italy marched into Naples and did something outrageous, they suddenly surrounded Garibaldi's personal guards, Garibaldi was very graceful, did not adopt a confrontational attitude, if the confrontation, in the two Sicilies, the Kingdom of Italy really may not have beaten him. Wearing his trademark scarlet cloak and shouting long live Italian unity, he walked alone to the front of the Italian army, his volunteers did not fire a single shot, he thought he could reconcile, but was directly captured.

But his prestige was too high, and he really had no crimes, at least not for the King of Italy to judge him. As a result, the king could only take him to Rome, and then declare an amnesty for him, and give him a yacht, a mansion, and a court position for his son, and try to woo him. But Garibaldi gave up on these, saying that he did not revolutionize for personal gain. I began to travel around Italy, but everywhere I passed, the government agents were all carefully watching, for fear that such a person would do something out of the ordinary again.

The Kingdom of Italy declared the unification of Italy and the union of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, with the Great Powers weighing it up and not interfering.

Germany is not interested in Italy, Austria-Hungary has serious internal problems, France has just been weakened, Britain does not want to force Italy, fearing to force Italy to the Chinese side, the Chinese have already got Sicily, if Italy falls to China, Britain really has no place in the Western Mediterranean.

In the gap between the forces of all sides, the coincidental unification of Italy. But the prestige of the Savoy dynasty was not even comparable to that of Garibaldi's personal prestige, and the south was a predominantly agricultural region, alien to industrialized northern Italy, where feudal family power and a unique mafia culture based on clan and blood ties excluded the rule of the northern dynasty. The guerrillas roamed the countryside, many of them even members of the scattered Garibaldi Red Shirts.

Italy began a decade-long war for law and order.

In the case of Sicily, the Kingdom of Italy was wise enough to declare that they recognized Sicily as belonging to European companies in exchange for their recognition of their annexation of the Kingdom of Naples.

For the Kingdom of Italy, it would be better to retake Venice from Austria than to fight for Sicily with China.

With the unification of Italy, Ferdinand II lost everything, and Mexico was gone, and neither was the Two Sicilies.

Now Mexico was once again a problem, and after Juárez was stationed in Mexico City, all parts of northern Mexico quickly pledged allegiance to Juárez, and the states sent representatives to elect Juárez as president of Mexico.

Juárez announced the introduction of a presidential system in Mexico and held an official inauguration, but unfortunately the participants chatted.

Of course, China was invited to participate, but what people didn't expect was that the US Congress also sent representatives.