Zhu Jinglun didn't have anything to promote, everything happened naturally, and the experts of the Ming government saw it, they introduced policies to give support, this is what a normal government should do, the Ming government is not original, it's just picking up people's teeth, Westerners have been doing this, the Japanese have also learned, there is no reason for the Ming Dynasty not to learn. Pen & Fun & Pavilion www.biquge.info

At the beginning, several low-end straw workshops began to use electric machines, straw weaving is to use grass to weave a variety of handicrafts and practical products, not a high-end product, straw hats, straw shoes, hats, clothes can be counted as straw weaving, Chinese people as daily necessities, Westerners as a collection, of course, just ordinary middle-class collections, the rich still like those official kiln porcelain, coral ivory handicrafts and other high-end products, mainly Chinese people consume, so this kind of handmade products are widely sold.

However, the straw weaving process is complex, often can only be made by hand, and it is difficult to process the fibers such as thatch that are not standardized enough with the machine, but I heard that someone has made a steam mat making machine, but the raw materials required are very strict, and the quality is not good enough, so it has not been promoted.

The steam engine is not easy to promote, and small workshops cannot afford to use it, even large workshops are not easy to use, because it is too difficult for craftsmen with low cultural level to let a workshop install a steam engine, and then regularly import coal and maintain the machine.

But the motor is different, there is no need to purchase and sell charcoal, run the machine, turn on the power, turn the switch, and turn it off directly. Although it is impossible to drive any complex machine production, there are still a large number of simple actions that can be used with machines in manual production. For example, in the raw material processing stage of straw weaving, it is necessary to dry the grass and grind the grass, which is boring and boring, and can be processed by machine. Using an electric motor to drive a roller to crush straw is obviously much less troublesome than employing people or livestock.

So the motor slowly in the straw weaving process to promote, the first to form a scale, is the Houjie in Dongguan, where there are a lot of straw workshops, after the introduction of the machine, there is even a more complex division of labor, some workshops do not directly process straw, but through rough processing of raw materials sold to other workshops to make money, they have transformed into a raw material factory for processing raw materials.

The local unique guan grass is harvested from the countryside, rolled, dried, and organized, and then sold to other handicraft workshops. Even the rural areas that have driven it to plant guancao as a cash crop, but before, this was all wild harvest, and no one would take care of it.

The same example is bamboo products, from the pen holder used by the literati, to the brush used by the students, the hat used by the people, the bamboo mat, all kinds of bamboo baskets, etc., which are both handicrafts and daily necessities, and it is inconvenient to process them with a steam engine, but it is still possible to use an electric motor, and the traditional tools are driven by a machine to divide bamboo strips and bamboo branches, which is obviously much more efficient than manual work.

There is also the leather industry, the ceramics industry, and so on, and in addition to some crude tools that the craftsmen have developed themselves, the government does not say how many other industries can use electricity.

Their policy is, on the one hand, to encourage machinery enterprises to invent and produce some small machinery, on the other hand, to encourage workshops to purchase and use these small machines, after the American war, the Ministry of Industry has been given a special fund of one million taels a year to promote this work, and at present they have promoted a thousand demonstration workshops, covering more than 80 large handicraft industries.

At the same time, after publicity, the use of electric machines to improve efficiency has become a hot topic that workshop owners have begun to discuss.

In the future, how many of these traditional industries can be expanded through new technologies, whether millions of small factories can be born from 10 million handicraft workshops, from millions of small factories, hundreds of thousands of medium-sized factories, and from these hundreds of thousands of medium-sized factories, tens of thousands of large-scale factories will be born, this is the ideal road for the industrialization of traditional countries.

And someone has really taken this path, and that is Germany.

The development of German industry was not the elimination of handicrafts by big industry, but the transformation of handicrafts into big industry.

The most famous example is Krupp, a family-owned company that has been a craft for hundreds of years, but after the Industrial Revolution, it slowly transformed into an industrial giant by introducing new technologies and expanding its scale. But even now, with tens of thousands of workers, a lot of manual ingredients have been retained, and they have not been completely capitalized. Carnegie found that to produce the same steel, his company only needed about 40% of Krupp's workers. Obviously, in terms of efficiency, Krupp's factories are not as good as Carnegie Steel, which operates purely capitalized.

However, just by introducing new technologies in traditional fields, it is obvious that it can only narrow the gap with advanced countries, and it is impossible to surpass each other, and Germany was able to surpass Britain and France at the end of the 19th century, relying not only on the adoption of new technologies in traditional fields, improving production processes, and rejuvenating the old industries.

Germany was able to surpass Britain and France more by developing new fields and creating new industries.

For example, the active creation and development of electrical, chemical and other new industrial sectors, the explosive impetus brought by new industries finally made Germany become the number one industrial power in Europe.

In recent years, Daming has actually been copying this route, and the booming power industry is an example, but the significance of the power industry in Daming is only the introduction of new technologies in traditional fields, just like the introduction of railways in the transportation industry, which is an infrastructure and not a new industry.

There is also a certain foundation in the chemical field, such as the soap industry promoted by the gunpowder industry, which is the chemical industry, although it is not a high value-added chemical industry, but it has begun to cultivate the first generation of chemical talents.

In the chemical field of high added value, because of the high one-time investment, the payback period is long, but the relative profit is also high, it is obviously a capital and technology-intensive industry, not the average businessman can play, there is no technology, there is no technology, there is no technology, there is no capital. Therefore, this is a particularly difficult start, and the first company to get involved in the coal chemical industry is a soap factory.

The soap factory started out only producing soap and supplying Nobel with glycerin raw materials, and gradually he began to produce nitroglycerin directly to supply Nobel, which required the introduction of a process to make nitric acid. Step by step, they climbed the industrial chain, and finally found that their equipment for processing saltpeter to produce nitric acid was very similar to the equipment for producing nitrogen fertilizer in Germany. So by adjusting the process, they successfully trial-produced nitrogen fertilizer.

This is just a little-known company, the name is also very inconspicuous called the White and Clean Soap Company, through the production of daily soap to grab the first pot of gold, slowly crawling to the production waste, only to really become the climate, to get to this point they took ten years, then it was 1885.

The war between the Ming Dynasty and France made the price of grain high, and the fertilizer business was naturally good. In a few years, it earned a second pot of gold and grew rapidly. After that, we began to develop fertilizers for mulberry trees, fertilizers for sugarcane, and so on. By the time Daming went to war with the United States, he had already become a chemical magnate. And cut into the field of gunpowder monopolized by Nobel, and grew from a supplier of Nobel to a competitor.

However, the main business of the White and Clean Soap Company was not put on gunpowder, and after the war, the production of gunpowder was ended. Using the newly introduced equipment during the war, they decided to produce dyes.

This is another highly profitable industry, the world's chemical dyes are monopolized by Germany, even Britain can only supply coal tar to Germany, Germany processing and selling back to British textile enterprises, Daming's cotton textile industry also imports a large number of German dyes.

After the war, the dyes of the White and Pure Company quickly seized the market for German dyes, and the peak of economic growth after the war boosted their development.

After the Ming Dynasty, the cotton textile market, in the cotton yarn industry, still imported a large number of British and Indian cotton yarn, but the cotton industry has occupied eighty percent of the country's market share, not only monopolized the low-end coarse cloth, the United States coarse cloth drove out of the Ming Dynasty, but also seized a large number of British fine cloth market, and the British fine cloth has begun to compete in the city.

With the development of the dye industry, the white and clean soap company has once again buried a new level and jumped to a giant company with a turnover of tens of millions of taels.

With the introduction of new technologies and the development of new industries, Daming has been on the right track on the road to industrialization.

Like Germany, the total value of the chemical industry is not high, even less than one percent of the gross national product, only equivalent to one percent, but the significance of this industry is that his added value is very high, he will drive the new machinery and equipment industry, the added value of the chemical industry is high, and the added value of chemical equipment is naturally high, so this industry is often an industry with the significance of industrial upgrading.

With the promotion of the three main industrialization forces of railways, electric power and chemical industry, after the end of the war against the United States, the Ming Dynasty received a large amount of war reparations and injected a large amount of capital into the economic system.

In just three years, more than 10,000 new enterprises were established, and the increased capital of industry doubled. Just like Germany after the Franco-Prussian War, the economy is growing with a brutal vigor as if it had taken a strong drug.

If this momentum is allowed to grow in ten years, Daming Industry will easily surpass France, second only to the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom to tie for third place. And that's just to say that industry, like most of history, China's total economic output is not even daring to calculate, if it does, I am afraid that it is now about the same as the United States, or even higher than the United States.

But this calm was always so precious, and at the end of 1897, France and Russia made public the secret treaty they had signed as early as 1891, and the Franco-Russian alliance, which had been speculated about for several years, was exposed to the world, and France and Russia showed the world that France and Russia were ready to meet all open challenges.

The opening of the Franco-Russian alliance made the already tense world situation even more tense, and a worldwide arms race began, and the Ming Dynasty was no exception, because Japan and Russia, which were related to the security of the Ming Dynasty, both joined the arms race, and the Ming Dynasty was forced to fight.