Trade between the Manchu Empire and African companies had been established since the annexation of Afghanistan, and the two sides traded heavily in Peshawar through the Indus Valley.

The inland Shanshan merchants also traded with Central Asia, and with the construction of the railway, the trade volume was also quite large, millions of taels of silver per year.

The Manchu system has always adopted a policy of trade monopoly, and all foreign trade is carried out by the internal affairs government under the emperor, and they do not have a tariff system, but benefit from trade profits.

As a technologically backward agricultural and pastoral regime, the Manchu Qing Dynasty was much more dependent on trade than during the Qing Empire, most consumer goods could not be produced by themselves, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs obtained Chinese and Indian goods from Jin merchants or African companies, and monopolized sales at home, making another profit, and from this trade, the Ministry of Internal Affairs could get millions of taels of silver every year.

Trade profits account for one-third of their revenues, and the other two-thirds come through taxes. In the past, the Qing Empire was rich all over the world, and the taxes received from the Han farmers were enough to support the operation of their regime, and they did not tax the nomads on the frontier at all, but now it is different, animal husbandry is an important part of their economy, so it is necessary to tax the herdsmen, and their way is still to adopt the Russian system, and the Russian way of taxation is to inherit the tradition on the steppe. This tradition can even be traced back to the time of the Turkic and Tibetan empires, and it is very simple and easy, such as a cow harvesting a leg.

The Manchu animal husbandry tax system was levied on a per capita basis, and a person paid four sheepskins or one cowhide per year, and the workshops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs processed these skins into raw hides, which were then exported to China or India, and then further processed by the local leather industry to make leather shoes, boots and other leather products.

Agricultural taxation is basically inherited from China, according to the Yongzheng after the way of apportionment into the mu of taxation, the object of taxation is not people, but land, the tax rate is very low, the average payment per mu of grain 0.038 stone, which is an average of two quintals per mu of China's intensive farming agricultural technology, the tax rate is really very low, about two percent.

Moreover, the farmland of the Manchu Qing Dynasty is all flag fields, which are cultivated by the government organization of the Eight Banners themselves, and are evenly distributed to each banner people for cultivation, so it can be said that all the Han Eight Banner people are self-cultivated farmers, and they do not need to be exploited by the landlord's rent, so more than ninety percent of the harvest falls on the banner people, this kind of benefit, so that the Han Eight Banners are now extremely supportive of the Manchu Dynasty.

But this is based on the fact that there is enough land to open up, and once the land becomes scarce, the yeoman farmers begin to divide into tenant farmers, and the people at the bottom begin to be destitute, this support ceases to exist.

In terms of land, since the Manchu Qing Dynasty has been expanding over the years, there is still a lot of land that can be cultivated. The newly occupied Persia, in ancient times, was also an agrarian empire, in the second millennium BC, the farming culture had been formed, when Persia was still a tribal era, there were ten tribes, six of which were farming, four livestock, it can be said that farming has occupied the mainstream.

The infrastructure technology of the Persian Empire was quite developed, and infrastructure was an important tool for a large empire to maintain system governance, and the Roman Empire and ancient Chinese dynasties would build a large number of infrastructure facilities under stable conditions. The official system of the Persian Empire was comparable to that of the Roman Empire and the ancient Chinese dynasties, which was a necessary condition for the management of a large empire.

The Persian Empire was not left behind as an important infrastructure project, and the Persian Empire built dams and irrigation systems in the territories it conquered, such as the riverine regions of Central Asia. On the Iranian plateau, its core territory, it is certainly impossible to operate without care. However, the terrain of the Iranian plateau is relatively arid, so they invented a special hydraulic system, called the culvert hydraulic system, to divert groundwater to the surface. This is actually the qanats system in the Hami region of China, and it is difficult to say that this characteristic system was invented by the Chinese, because it is too different from the irrigation system of the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins in China, and seems to be more suitable for use in more arid areas, so it is likely that it was introduced from the Persian Empire through Central Asia to the Western Regions of China.

Some of the systems created by the Persian Empire are still functioning, while others have fallen into disrepair and have fallen into disrepair. After Daoguang ruled the area, he quickly restored these water conservancy systems, and he also had relevant experience, and many of the craftsmen in the Han Eight Banners came from Xinjiang, including the craftsmen who maintained water conservancy facilities in the Hami area. In addition, Persia is a relatively technologically advanced country, and he has also obtained a large number of engineering and technical talents in Persia.

Iran's arable land area is very large, with later statistics as high as 56 million hectares, more than 800 million mu. The Iranians have cultivated 18 million hectares of cultivated land, nearly 300 million mu, of which 8.3 million hectares, or 120 million mu, can be irrigated, and 9.4 million hectares, or 140 million mu, are dryland.

The current level is not yet up to the technical level of later Iran, but through the restoration of the ancient water system, the area of irrigated arable land began to increase significantly, to more than 30 million mu, and Persia quickly replaced the Ferghana Basin as the new grain center of the Manchu Empire.

The benefits of accepting a mature agricultural area are enormous, but a mature society based on mature agricultural production is a problem. Religiously, Daoguang subordinated religion to politics by force, but economic problems were a problem, because Daoguang's education and his bureaucratic system were both good at politics and weak at economics.

In the past, their trade with China was monopolized by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the economy at that time was relatively simple, and the political structure was very simple, so it was relatively easy to monopolize. But now that they have annexed Persia, they find it difficult to do so.

In the past, it was technically easy to monopolize, whether it was inland trade with China or river trade with India, it was carried out through dangerous checkpoints and was easy to control. However, Persia faces the Persian Gulf directly, has a long coastline, and the Persians are engaged in maritime trade with India, the Ottoman Empire, and even Africa.

The British could not put an end to the smuggling of tea, so they were forced to lower the tariffs on tea, not to mention the Manchu Qing.

This new situation is more troublesome than dealing with religious issues, because religion lies in the human heart, and the human heart is not the basic condition for survival, but a higher spiritual need, which can be replaced, but the basic material cannot be replaced. Daoguang cannot cut off the livelihoods of tens of thousands of coastal residents, and unless there is a coastal relocation, it cannot stop fishermen from connecting with overseas.

Moreover, there are still overseas forces, in the era of the Kaijia Dynasty, a trade treaty was signed with the British, and a trade treaty was also signed with the African company, Daoguang did not confront the British head-on, and he dared to call out to the British, but the China behind the African company, the Manchu regime has never been able to rise to the courage to confront.

Moreover, maintaining trade relations with China was extremely beneficial to the Manchus, and to this day, they can still attract a considerable quality of immigrants from China, and a large number of remnants migrated to Central Asia by land, and now after opening up the sea route, they can even come to the Manchu Empire by sea and land, if they offend the African company, then this sea route is not only unusable, and even the migration of people by land may be cut off.

The Manchu Qing attracted from China, the heart of the Qing Dynasty has become less and less, after all, a generation has passed, the new generation has almost no sense of identity with the Manchu Qing, the older generation is willing to defect, has defected, unwilling to defect, has also become ancient, or about to become ancient. What they are attracting now is mainly those frustrated people in the new dynasty, and the largest ethnic group is still the group of upper-class ethnic groups in the past, that is, the Eight Banners, and they are mainly the Eight Banners of the capital.

The life of the Eight Banners of the Beijing Division was more advantageous than that of the local garrison of the Eight Banners, and Jiaqing once tried to relocate some people to the northeast to become landlords, but they all fled back one after another, unable to let go of Beijing's material life. But the new dynasty was not so polite to them, the more powerful the old dynasty, the more abandoned the new dynasty. The mansions of the princes and nobles were confiscated at the first time, not because Zhou Lang took a fancy to these properties, but according to traditional practices, under the civil administration of Wang Fuqian.

After the Manchu Qing Dynasty unified the Central Plains, the magnates of the Ming Dynasty were also treated in this way, the family property of ordinary people could be retained, and the property of princes and nobles, because they were generally rewarded by the emperor, these were called "Qin property", and the new dynasty would confiscate them, unless a few old magnates who made meritorious contributions to the new dynasty, few people could keep their property.

At present, under the rule of the Great Zhou Dynasty, except for a few Manchu magnates such as Sheng Zhu, most of the mansions and farms of the magnates have been confiscated and turned into official fields, and most of them are used to reward new heroes.

The elite who lost all their wealth were tens of thousands of people in Beijing at that time, and they all received the highest education and a very high level of knowledge. Many of them live on the streets and begin to engage in the lower ninth-rate industries. For example, there are quite a lot of flag people in the theater industry, and some people used to raise operas, but now they are doing operas. Some are even worse, selling their sons and daughters, and entering the Qinglou to make a living.

In short, a large number of the middle and upper classes of the banner people fell to the bottom, and they were very dissatisfied with society, and either chose to rebel or choose to leave. There was a call from the Manchu Empire, which had established itself in Central Asia, and most people chose to emigrate. They brought with them a relatively high level of Chinese knowledge, and many of them succeeded in becoming officials at all levels of the Manchu Empire.

Therefore, on the one hand, Daoguang could not solve the business management problems of mature Persian society, and on the other hand, he was unwilling to offend African companies, so as not to cut off the export of knowledge from China, so he chose to cooperate with African companies. The cooperation took the form of leasing a port to an African company, which promised to help the Manchus build a port system.

The proud Manchus were very welcome, because they had been importing knowledge from China all these years, and they were no longer the proud Qing Empire of the past. It was unclear that the Manchu regime was unaware that cooperation with Chinese companies would tie them more and more to China's chariot. Soon they received invitations from European companies through African companies for cooperation, military cooperation.