The term cabinet seems to be a product of Europe and the United States, but in fact, the cabinet system is a unique system in China. China's cabinet system began with the prime minister system in the Spring and Autumn period, when the prime minister was the auxiliary minister of the Spring and Autumn period and was responsible for assisting the lord in administering the country.

In the Warring States Period, wars between countries were frequent, and wars were no longer a group of tens of thousands of people, but a battle of various countries. In order to use the last ounce of national strength in the war, countries began to change their laws, and intellectuals from civilian backgrounds were appointed as prime ministers.

By the time Qin Shi Huang unified China, the prime minister system was completely formed after hundreds of years of development. The Han Dynasty inherited the system of the Qin Dynasty, and although the prime minister was no longer a relative of the emperor, he could only be held by a great nobleman.

During the Han Dynasty and the Han Dynasty, due to the rapid exposure of the contradiction between the monarchy and the prime minister's power, the prime minister system soon entered a period of adjustment. The core of the adjustment is that the imperial power is constantly concentrated and the relative power is constantly divided. However, different kings have different characteristics and preferences, and there are different ways to control the power of the prime minister, so the power of the prime minister is sometimes strengthened, and sometimes weakened.

The Tang Dynasty was an important stage in the development of the prime minister system, and the changes in the prime minister's institution and the change of the prime minister's name were more complicated. The three-province system was gradually formed during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and Sui Dynasties, and was not really established until the Tang Dynasty.

The Song Dynasty was set up in the same position, many phases were parallel, and the establishment was not fixed, with the purpose of decentralizing phase power. The Northern Song Dynasty followed the system of the late Tang Dynasty and set up the lower province of Zhongshumen. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, the chief officer under the Zhongshu Gate was the prime minister, also known as "the same Zhongshu Gate under the Ping Zhangshi"; The deputy prime minister is called "the governor of the government". Later, there was basically no difference between the governor's affairs and the prime minister's, which made the prime minister's power more dispersed.

At this time, the prime minister was no longer a person in the Qin and Han dynasties, but was divided into several people, which is also very understandable, the prime minister was responsible for national government affairs, and the emperor was really not at ease in the hands of one person for a long time.

In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang was born as a flower child, and under the banner of expelling the Tartars, so in the early stage of Zhu Yuanzhang, he still inherited the Tang and Song Dynasty systems to set up prime ministers. But Zhu Yuanzhang, as a beast of power, where can he share power with others? Soon, Hu Weiyong's case was used to completely abolish the prime minister system.

But Zhu Yuanzhang, who is called Huazi, doesn't know that the prime minister system is a supplement to imperial power, and the country is so big, no matter how powerful you Zhu Yuanzhang is, you can't do everything. Zhu Yuanzhang was so tired that he couldn't help it, and in the fifteenth year of Hongwu, he formed a secretarial cabinet. Right! This cabinet, which developed into a behemoth in the later period, was formed by Zhu Yuanzhang.

However, Zhu Yuanzhang also has some peasant wisdom, he is afraid that the cabinet will develop into a prime minister again, and at the beginning he stipulated that the cabinet scholars are only five grades at the highest, and stipulated that the scholars "are special attendants and consultants", and the current scholars are just Zhu Yuanzhang's secretary to deal with state affairs.

Zhu Yuanzhang's calculations were very good, but he forgot that he would die, and his successor did not have his energy and means. After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang, his successors were not from generation to generation, and by the time of Zhu Zhanji as emperor, the cabinet system had developed very perfectly, and at the same time, the emperor gave a part of his monarchical power to the cabinet, which was the right to vote. As for the division of labor between the right to vote and the right to approve red, I have said it before, so I will not talk about it here.

At this point, the original cabinet system in ancient China was fully formed, and this system controlled the monarchy very well, because wise emperors were rare, and most of the emperors were ordinary people, and the elites in the cabinet could prevent the national policy from deviating too much. But what if the emperor himself was shrewd and abnormal?

Very simply, there will be a situation during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, the cabinet has become a chore, and the first assistant has become a scapegoat.

The cabinet system reached its peak in the middle of the Ming Dynasty and spread to Europe in the eighteenth century, and the cabinet system in Europe and the United States also borrowed from the Chinese cabinet system, but Europe and the United States implemented a parliamentary system, and the emperor's power was not as great as that of the Chinese emperor, so the cabinet system was carried forward in Europe and the United States.

Zhu Hongsan traveled back in later generations, and he was only a township cadre before, and he watched the news and saw a lot of how good the European and American cabinet systems were, so when he organized his own forces in the Ming Dynasty, it was easy to think of that cabinet system.

Zhu Hongsan's cabinet system is different from the cabinet of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Hongsan's cabinet power is very great, the prime ministers of the cabinet are basically similar to those prime ministers in Europe and the United States in later generations, except for the army, all government affairs in the country can only be reported to the emperor with the approval of the cabinet chief assistant, and the emperor's holy decree must also be approved by the cabinet chief assistant before it can be issued to the whole country.

Of course, Zhu Hongsan gave the cabinet such a big power is also beneficial, in the early stage of Zhu Hongsan's development, Feng Ruoshu, Chen Zizhuang and other celebrities were attracted by the cabinet to Zhu Hongsan, and those Donglin Party bigwigs in the middle period, such as Qu Shiyun and Lu Daqi and others, also saw that the cabinet had great power, so they reluctantly surrendered to Zhu Hongsan.

But Zhu Hongsan forgot that because the European and American cabinets have parliaments acting as firewalls, the contradictions with the emperor are not very big, and at the same time, the power in the hands of the European emperors is indeed not as great as that of the Chinese emperor. But Zhu Hongsan is different here, the cabinet with great power faces the emperor directly, if the emperor has any mistakes, the cabinet will oppose it at the first time, plus these scholars are all from the late Ming Dynasty, and working against the emperor is a hero, if you speak to the emperor, you will become a scum.

After Zhu Hongsan ousted Ma Mingyuan, he originally thought that he would be able to live a better life by replacing the honest man Feng Ziyong as the first assistant, but he didn't think that Feng Ziyong was also a scholar, and he also had to follow the Shilin tradition when he took office, that is, he took it as his responsibility to oppose the emperor.

Zhu Hongsan saw that Feng Ziyong didn't save face for himself at all, and it was useless to refute his Northwest Grand Strategy, and Zhu Hongsan's brain hurt. But Zhu Hong is angry, what can he do? This first assistant was chosen by himself, and he has only been in office for half a month, so will he be abolished now? Who did he replace? Tong Yangjia or Ma Jiyuan?

Thinking of this, Zhu Hongsan felt a sense of powerlessness, waved his hand and said: "Okay, second cousin, I know that I am wrong, I promise you that as long as Dzungaria does not invade my Ming territory, I will ignore him!" ”

Feng Ziyong was overjoyed when he heard the emperor obey the softness, he had always been known as the old man of the Soy Sauce Pavilion, and now he finally forced the emperor to change his mind. Now that the goal was achieved, Feng Ziyong no longer bothered Zhu Hongsan, got up and said goodbye.

Zhu Hongsan looked at Feng Ziyong, who had left, and regretted very much that he had to engage in a cabinet system back then, so it was better to directly monopolize the power himself. Thinking of this, Zhu Hongsan was a little guilty of high blood pressure, rubbed his forehead with his hand and said: "Lao Li, I won't work today, I want to go to the Old Summer Palace to relax!" ”

Li Chengen received the emperor's order, bowed down and agreed, and hurriedly went out to prepare.

The Old Summer Palace is a royal garden established in the western suburbs of Beijing after Zhu Hongsan entered Beijing, because Zhu Hongsan's wives are all southerners, and the climate in the north is very dry, and the weak Jiangnan girls can bear these. Therefore, Zhu Hongsan built a royal garden in the watery western suburbs according to the appearance of the Jiangnan garden, of course, the name Zhu Hongsan used the name of the Old Summer Palace very undisciplinedly.

Now among Zhu Hongsan's wives, except for the imperial concubine Ma Ruyan and the concubine Qian Yuting, they still live in the palace, and the other wives live in the Old Summer Palace.

In the western suburbs of Beijing, there are continuous Xishan, Yuquan Mountain, Wanshou Mountain, Wanquanzhuang, Beihai and other terrains, artesian springs are everywhere, and in the low-lying places converge into large and small lakes and ponds. The Yuquan landscape flows into Kunming Lake from west to east, becoming the largest water surface in the western suburbs. Large areas of rice fields have been cultivated here, forming a natural scenic area. As early as the Liao Dynasty, the emperor built the Yuquan Mountain Palace here.

The scenery here is very beautiful, Zhu Hongsan was in a very good mood after seeing such a beautiful scenery, and most of his headaches were cured. At this time, Li Chengen on the side asked, "Your Majesty, go to that lady's residence?" ”

The Old Summer Palace covers a huge area, although it is not as large as the Old Summer Palace in later generations, but it also has more than 100 hectares. The Old Summer Palace is the residence of the emperor, the Changchun Garden is the residence of the princess of Kunxing, Zhu Yujia and the two princesses of Lu, and the Wanchun Garden is the residence of other women such as Kou Baimen, Bian Yujing, Li Xiangjun and so on. Zhu Hongsan thought for a while and said, "Let's go to the residence of Princess Changchunyuan!" ”

Of course, the princess Zhu Hongsan said is not an outsider, but only refers to the eldest daughter of Emperor Chongzhen, Princess Zhu Yujiao of Kunxing.

Zhu Yujiao lives in the largest building in the Changchun Garden, the Nine Tribulation Garden. This Nine Tribulations was caused by the emperor himself, and everyone didn't know what it meant back then, and of course Zhu Hongsan couldn't say that the Nine Tribulations came from Lu Ding Ji, and Zhu Yujiao was a monk in it. Zhu Hongsan just said to Zhu Yujiao that she had suffered all her life, so she named her Nine Tribulations.

Zhu Hongsan's carriage and horse came to the gate of the Nine Tribulation Garden, and Zhu Yujiao had already received the news of the eunuchs, and took all the big and small people to kneel at the door to welcome the emperor.

Zhu Hongsan got out of the car, picked up Zhu Yujiao and asked in a harmonious voice: "Concubine Ai, it's cold now, your hands are fine!" ”

Zhu Yujiao's left hand was cut off by Chongzhen's elbow back then, and it was uncomfortable when the weather changed during the change of season, so Zhu Hongsan asked this question.

Zhu Yujiao has been following Zhu Hongsan for more than 20 years, and she is already an old husband and wife, but in front of so many people, the emperor cares about her so much, Zhu Yujiao still blushes a little.

Zhu Yujiao was docile and said in a low voice: "Thank you Your Majesty for your concern, more than 20 years have passed now, and your arm is fine!" ”

Zhu Hongsan took Zhu Yujiao's hand and looked around, and found that his third daughter, Princess Zhu Xiang of Changsha, was also here, Zhu Hongsan couldn't help asking: "Zhu Xiang, why did you come here when you weren't at your mother's place?" ”

Zhu Xiang is the daughter of the county lord Zhu Youjia, and it is also the first child Zhu Youjia gave birth to in Guangdong. Zhu Xiang is two years older than the fourth prince Zhu Yuan, and he is already seventeen years old this year.

According to the rules of the Ming Dynasty, the royal children had to get married at the age of fifteen, and Zhu Xiang, as a princess, naturally had to marry early. But Zhu Hongsan was willing to let his daughter get married and have children at the age of fifteen, so no matter what the ministers of the court and the central government said, they just didn't agree with Zhu Xiang getting married too early.

Zhu Xiang was born to Zhu Youjia by Zhu Hongsan's rape back then, so Zhu Youjia didn't like this daughter, plus Zhu Youjia's second child was the prince Zhu Bo, and Zhu Youjia's first son died tragically in Zhu Hongsan's hands that year, so Zhu Youjia transferred all his feelings to Zhu Bo, and naturally rarely disciplined this daughter, so Zhu Xiang was basically raised by Zhu Yujiao, and he naturally had a deep relationship with Zhu Yujiao.

https:

Genius one second to remember the address of this site:. Mobile version reading URL: m.