In the end, the trial of the Straits Court could only acquit the British merchant ship, because there was really no specific punishment method. If it is an invasion of Austria's territorial waters, it is within the sovereign jurisdiction of Austria, and if it is judged according to the violation of the Straits Convention, there is no clear penalty standard and measure for violation of navigation regulations in the Maritime Convention.

The court demanded the acquittal of the British merchant ship, but China did not carry it out, and both the British ship and the sailors were seized in the military port of Sochi.

Britain pressured China to trumpet internationally that the Chinese themselves had violated their own Straits rules, even if they themselves were illegal.

Under the pressure of public opinion, a month later, China released merchant ships and sailors.

In the first game, it seemed that the British had won, but in fact, China had won!

Because everything came according to the rules, including the British, they were only released under the provisions of the Straits Convention, and China's release of the British was also in accordance with the rules, it can be said that it was not Britain that was subservient, but the rules formulated by China itself, and the two major powers of China and Britain were successively subject to the rules of the Convention, which is a huge safeguard for the sanctity of the rules.

In addition, it is an opportunity for China to begin to work on more detailed regulations to improve the content of the rules of navigation in the strait, within the framework permitted by the Straits Convention.

In response to the problem of the British crossing the border, China believes that it is necessary to set up a public law enforcement agency, which was previously established such as courts and prisons, which belong to the judiciary, and the executive agency refers to the disciplinary organs such as the police. There was no objection to this article, and Spain abstained, apparently not wanting to offend Britain or other countries. It's really useless to vote no, they don't have the right of veto.

France, Austria, and even Russia, among the great powers, did not want to offend Britain, and did find that in similar incidents, law enforcement was a problem, and the pressure to allow countries to enforce the law independently was too great, and if the law enforcement power was delegated to a public body, they could be freed from this pressure.

In nature, this is a partial transfer of the enforcement powers of various countries, the same as the previous establishment of a tribunal, and then the jurisdiction remains under the Straits Management Commission. The newly established agency, called the Straits Anti-Smuggling Police, is relatively insensitive, in the name of anti-smuggling. The Straits Anti-Smuggling Police have the right to enter the territorial waters of various countries to perform duties, and even directly enter the ports of various countries to enforce the law. When there was a time when a British merchant ship broke into an Austrian port, the anti-smuggling police could directly go in to arrest people and detain ships, which had nothing to do with Austria.

There is no objection to the establishment of an anti-smuggling agency, and the countries will send people anyway, but what about the funds. In the past, the tribunal and the strait management committee were all shared by each country in proportion, and China bore half of it, and now even according to the proportion, some countries said that they could not afford it, Spain first thought that the expenses were too large, and the Kingdom of Sardinia did not want to bear them, and only Greece among the small countries made it clear that it was willing to bear the expenses, because among the merchant ships passing through the strait, Greek merchant ships were always the first group.

Maintaining the operation of the management committee, the operation of the courts, makes the cost more and more expensive. The anti-smuggling agency not only has personnel, but also has to procure some ships and even arms, which is too expensive.

As a result, countries have been at loggerheads over the issue of the proportion of cost-sharing. They all believe that the principle of who benefits and who pays, should be borne by the major powers that trade through the strait. Spain and the Kingdom of Sardinia, the number of merchant ships was too small, Egypt and the Manchu Empire, and there were not even many maritime fleets. The Ottoman Empire also disagreed, saying that the strait was Ottoman territorial waters, and it was completely unreasonable if the Ottomans were required to pay taxes for the use of their own merchant ships in their territorial waters.

This body cannot be formed unless the funding problem is resolved.

After several rounds of talks, the Committee still had difficulty reaching an agreement.

In the end, China proposed a plan to tax directly on the strait. All navigable merchant ships are required to pay a certain toll tax, which is levied according to the tonnage of the merchant ship. In addition, there are differences between countries on the issue of direct taxation and collection on behalf of others, and the major countries hope that this toll tax can be collected by their own customs and transferred to the account of the Straits Commission. Smaller countries want to be taxed directly by the Straits Commission. The big ones don't want to give up the right to tax, and the smaller ones feel that they will suffer.

For example, in countries like Greece, if each country collects it on its behalf, countries such as China, Russia, and Austria can boldly levy a toll tax on Greek merchant ships. The Black Sea countries entered Greece and it was possible to circumvent this tax by changing their destination under the pretense that they were not passing through the straits. Even China's merchant ships that depart from the Black Sea and arrive on the east coast of China are completely controlled by their own customs, and other countries cannot supervise whether they are taxed or not.

China is good to say that the cost of shipping from the East China Sea to the Black Sea is not cost-effective, but what about Austria and Russia, especially Austria, the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea are close at hand, so it can be said that after the strait, Austria can avoid taxes once the goods of Austria transit through the strait can avoid taxes, which will give Austrian merchant ships a great advantage. Even Austria could develop entrepot trade from this, and a large number of merchants who wished to avoid taxes could use Austrian merchant ships from the Austrian Black Sea coast to Austria's Adriatic coast and then resell to other countries, completely avoiding the regulation of the Straits Convention. In this case, the Greek transport industry will lose the ability to compete with Austria.

After intense discussions and debates, most countries began to support the direct taxation scheme, or the establishment of a special customs in Istanbul, in order to simplify the process, the Straits Customs and the Ottoman Customs jointly worked, and even if it is not a nominal procedure, it can be said that the Ottoman Customs is entrusted to collect the toll tax on its behalf.

The Straits Commission gave full consideration to the sacrifices made by the Ottoman Empire, because the Ottoman merchant ships passing through the Straits were basically sailing in their own territorial waters, and it would be unreasonable to let them pay taxes, which would be the same as collecting taxes on Austrian merchant ships on the Danube and handing them over to an international organization.

However, if the Ottoman Empire was given tax exemption, it would be unfair to other countries, because it would put the merchant ships of many countries at a disadvantage in the competition with the Ottoman merchant ships. Even if the exemption was to compensate for the losses of the Ottoman Empire, nominally the Ottoman Empire's merchant ships did not have to pay taxes on their voyages within their own territory, it was difficult to ensure that Ottoman merchant ships would not abuse this power to avoid taxes because of the special nature of the strait area. It would also result in a cost advantage for the Ottoman merchant fleet over other countries, thus affecting the interests of other countries.

In the end, it was agreed that Ottoman merchant ships would also have to pay taxes, but that this tax would not be used as public funds of the Straits Commission, but would be transferred directly to the Ottoman government, which would distribute it internally, and it was within the freedom of the Ottoman government whether it was returned to merchant ships shipping within the territory or retained by the government.

The new measures were finally adopted, and there were two more incidents of British merchant ships breaking through the customs, and with the experience of the last time, a British merchant ship that tried to provoke in Chinese waters was directly arrested and put in a naval prison in Sochi, the owner of the ship was sentenced to three months of hard labor, the sailors were deported, and the merchant ships were confiscated and auctioned directly.

The British government protested strongly and even seized Chinese merchant ships in British ports, but China also retaliated by seizing equivalent British merchant ships in its own ports. Britain tried to transfer the incident to the incident between China and Britain, and once this head was opened, Britain in the Strait area would not directly face a treaty member country, but communicate with other countries one-on-one, and then it would really be useless for countries to dare to implement the provisions of the convention and seize British merchant ships.

China, on the other hand, insisted on seizing the British ship in the Strait, separating it from the events that followed, believing that it was a unilateral provocation by the British, and in the end Britain gave in and released the Chinese merchant ships seized in London, and China also released the British merchant ships seized in Shanghai, and the British had to give in. Because by far the UK is still the world's largest merchant shipping nation, and the transport industry is the pillar industry of the UK, but not China. China's maritime transportation industry is mainly carried out within its own sphere of influence, and Britain is global, with British merchant fleets serving in all corners of the world. Although China has an absolute advantage in its own sphere of influence, Britain can rank second, and the scale of China's transportation in Britain's sphere of influence is much smaller than that of Britain in China's sphere of influence.

As for the ship in the strait, it continued to be carried out in accordance with the Straits Convention, and the British provocation failed once again.

The British government still does not recognize the control of the strait by the strait states, but the British merchant fleet cannot but do business, and the Black Sea trade has become one of the hottest routes in the world with China's entry into the Black Sea, and Britain, which makes a living from trade and transportation, cannot refuse this route. However, the British government could not accept the Chinese-dominated strait order politically, and as a result, British merchant ships changed their registrations one after another, becoming de jure French fleets, Greek fleets, and so on. Changing the place of registration is not just a change, and if you register in Greece, you have to pay taxes to the Greek government, which makes the UK lose a lot of taxes.

This situation was bound to be unpromising, and it was either war or submission, and the British government chose the latter many years later, but demanded the same powers as France, and they also joined the Straits Convention and became a veto power, which was boycotted by the great powers.

That's all for later.

The Straits Commission has been working in a tortuous but orderly manner, with various systems being improved day by day and new systems emerging day by day, but stability has never been restored in the Straits region.

In both the Balkans and the Ottomans, ethnic vendettas erupted on a scale that surpassed those of war, attracting closer and closer attention around the world.