Section 371 Break the first chain
The chronological order in which the battle began was basically based on the order in which the messages were received.
The war had already begun when the enemy sent the war note, but it took time to get the message out.
The most recent is of course the Indian direction, the African companies received the news and quickly mobilized, as last time, they had to rely on their own forces to fight, the difference is that this time they will receive assistance from the state, the government will bear all the war expenses, and if necessary, send troops directly.
British India had apparently received the news for a long time, so when the African companies had just begun to prepare for war, they began to attack.
It was a tough battle, and the British had been preparing for it for ten years, and they had learned the lessons of the last time in India, and this time they were stronger. They maintained a 200,000-strong native army in India, well-trained and well-equipped. For the same standing army, the African company only maintains 100,000 men in India, but the African company has formed a large number of local troops, and through a strict armor protection system, the local militia will be trained to a certain extent. During the war, these militia units will participate in the battle as auxiliaries. This is similar to the Chinese system, where the number of auxiliaries is determined based on the number of peasants engaged in agricultural production, and African companies can mobilize at least 300,000 auxiliaries in the Indus Valley.
This is not an easy war to win, the main direction of the British army's attack, nor is it the Indus Valley, because to attack here, the British will either pass through Punjab or through the great desert area east of Sindh province without having a sea advantage, and the Ranjit Singh of Punjab is not dead, the country is still strong, and the British do not dare to venture into this country. Rather, they were engaged in diplomatic lobbying in the hope that the Sikh Empire would join the British side in the war, but the Sikh Empire clearly understood that China was not such a target to be messed with, and they did not intend to join either side.
So the British initially chose the east, attacking the East Bengal region.
Twenty years ago, during the war, eastern Bangladesh was ceded to Burma, but Burmese rule over the region has been unstable.
Burma was a complex feudal state with a multi-ethnic feudal system, and military generals were keen on warfare and hoped to be promoted.
Since the beginning of Meng Yun, he has continued to use foreign troops, annexing Assam, Manipur and other states in the northwest, and the British invaded Burma in order to compete for these two states close to Bengal, but with the support of China, they were defeated and had to cede the eastern part of Bengal to Burma.
After receiving eastern Bengal, Burma more than doubled its population and became the most powerful empire in South Asia. However, it did not grow rapidly because of this, but only made the domestic contradictions more serious. Assam and Manipur often rebelled, and Myanmar continued to suppress and carry out many massacres, and ethnic contradictions became more and more acute; In order to suppress the rebellion, taxes were increased, which led to domestic instability, and the Kachin, Mon and other ethnic groups rebelled one after another, and in order to suppress domestic contradictions, they also expropriated and extorted money in Bangladesh, resulting in continuous peasant uprisings in Bangladesh.
There has been no peace in Bangladesh over the years, and it has always suppressed this and that, and frequent wars have made people angry. For a time, King Meng was replaced with severe depression and was unable to govern the government, and the daily affairs of the country were entrusted to his queen Minu and his uncle Mangwu, and the dictatorship of his relatives has never been a good sign. Sure enough, internal affairs began to be chaotic, in order to suppress the rebellion, the government increased taxes, and officials took the opportunity to extort money and extract the people's fat and cream. The queen and her younger brother amassed a great deal of wealth. The peasants, unable to endure the oppression, rose up. In the 1820s, southern peasants even surrounded Yangon. In the 30s, a peasant rebel army even attacked the capital Ava. The revolts of other ethnic groups continued one after another, with the Mon uprising, the Dai and the Karen rebellion one after another.
This made his younger brother Meng Keng seriously dissatisfied, and he staged a coup d'état three years ago, forcing Meng to abdicate early.
After Meng Keng's accession to the throne, he still did not change the chaotic situation in Myanmar, and the chaos even turned from the outside to the inside, after King Meng Keng ascended the throne, he executed the king's sister-in-law Minu, his foreign relative Mang Wu, the king's nephew Liangyuan (the son of Meng Ji) and the officials who followed them, and no less than 200 people were killed.
Compared with their grandfather Meng Yun, Meng Ji and Meng Keng have no political achievements, are not keen on learning from the outside world, and the domestic feudal system is stubborn. The central government's only requirement for local officials is to pay persuasion, as long as the tax is paid, and there is no restriction on the behavior of local officials. The local Musha and Mudu Ji are almost the emperors of the soil, and some powerful local princes even have the ability to challenge the central power. Meng Keng staged a coup d'état, relying on the support of Ruimao's local forces, Meng sent troops to suppress it, but the army was defeated, and he had no choice but to abdicate, hand over his wife, brother-in-law and even son to be executed, and he was imprisoned.
Moreover, Myanmar's financial backwardness is not limited to the feudal system, and the tax collection efficiency is extremely low. The British tax system in India was able to collect nearly half of the actual harvest. For example, in Madras, the Leytwar land tax system was introduced, in which the British Indian government first assessed the entire farmland and then set it on each piece of land, at a rate of 95% of the net production (excluding rations), equivalent to about 45% of the total production. Historically, however, the British have seized southern Burma, and tax reform has been difficult to complete.
British colonial officials tried to impose monetary rents in places such as Tanah sarin, but there was little exchange of goods in the area, and the economy was always self-sufficient. Owing to the difficulty of receiving the required amount of monetary rent, the authorities had to revert to the traditional rent in kind. As a result, the land tax was only increased to 20% of the harvest, compared to 10% in the past.
Such a backward economic state made the British rule very uneconomical, the colonial government was in debt for a long time, and the annual fiscal deficit was as high as 100,000 rupees, and the British even offered to let the Burmese buy this land back for 30 million rupees, but unfortunately the Burmese could not come up with so much money.
With such a backward economy, it is impossible to sustain a large-scale war for many years, and Burma's response strategy is to have a feudal system, similar to the Tang Dynasty's feudal division, allowing local generals to raise their own troops, thus avoiding government expenses.
When encountering an ambitious feudal town, the central government is not at ease, and it is impossible to prevent or even suppress it, and it is impossible for a feudal town with no ambition to do anything. It was not easy for such a local feudal town to fight against the modern management model of British India. In addition, the British have not been in vain for so many years, they have long corroded the local officials of Burma in eastern Bengal, and when the British army arrived, these local officials surrendered one after another. The British occupied eastern Bengal without much difficulty, and then pressed towards the Burmese border, while the Chinese envoys had not yet left Awa.
In the face of the menacing British and Indian army, the Burmese king hurriedly organized resistance, but as soon as the army was assembled, the British army had already entered the territory, and then lost troops one after another, and the British army with the help of the Rakhine people, crossed the Rakhine Mountains, and in the area of Bagan, fought with the main Burmese army that came in a hurry, and routed the Burmese army.
At this time, the British army could already go straight to Awa, the capital of Burma, through the Irrawaddy River, in this case, Mon Keng sent people to sue for peace, and the two sides soon reached an agreement, Burma gave up the eastern part of Bengal, and ceded Assam and Manipur to the British, and Burma itself was basically preserved. At the same time, Burma announced an alliance with the British army to jointly fight against China, mainly in allowing the British army to use Burmese territory as a channel to attack China, and Britain gave up its demand for war reparations against Burma.
Since Burma was an important Chinese thug in the last battle for India, and China did not even send regular troops at that time, and only used subsidiary forces such as African companies, this victory made the British think that it was of great significance, at least in terms of propaganda.
They declared to the European countries that the vassal chain of the Eastern Empire had been broken by the British, and the British newspapers predicted that China, the old empire, would collapse as quickly as possible, like all super-empires, and eventually shrink back to the Great Wall.
The British ambassador to Russia said to the Tsar: "All empires, the Persian Empire, Alexander's Empire, often only need one battle before they fall with a bang." I think that the Russian army will be a powerful foot in the foot. ”
Britain's intention to win over Russia was well known to Zhou Lang, who was far away in Nanjing, and it was no secret.
The Tsar was not so anxious: "We are very cautious about joining the war in the East. This is not necessarily in the interests of the great Russian Empire! ”
The British ambassador laughed dryly, but in his heart he slandered, what interests are not interested, for the barbaric Russians, is not the land the greatest interest? As long as you can win, it is a benefit. The ambassador knew that persuasion was useless, and that the Russians would not dare to send troops without seeing the hope of victory.
But Russia is very important, Russia has armed 500,000 standing troops, and if it can be used to fight against China, the British Empire's weight to win this war will undoubtedly be much heavier.
But the ambassador also knew that Chinese diplomats were also lobbying Russia, and the Russians offered a very high price, and the Chinese seemed ready to accept it. But the ambassador is not worried, the Chinese still don't know much about their neighbor, no matter how high the price they give, as long as Russia sees the chance of victory, it will still pounce fiercely and bite off a piece of meat!
Let the Russians see the hope of victory, India will not be able to distinguish the winner in a short time, but the Americas will have a good hope of expelling the Chinese power.
However, the British diplomatic service did not receive news of the victory in the Americas for a long time, not because there was no news, but because the news was not very good. Here, the Chinese army actually crossed the Mississippi River and invaded the continental United States!