Section 257 Chinese Expansion (1)

Curiously, China and Britain never clashed over Australia, which was in direct conflict, but fought in an inconsequential place.

In La Plata, the area now occupied by the United States of La Plata, corresponds to the later four countries of Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia.

But their establishment has not been recognized by the international community, not even the Chinese government, let alone other countries.

But Chinese soldiers have been fighting here alongside the people of La Plata, not against their former suzerain, but against the British.

When they learned from the Chinese Consul General in Europe, Lin Di, that China had ambitions for La Plata, the British took action, hoping that the United States of La Plata would allow the British to land at the mouth of the Rio de la Plata, and tell the people of La Plata that it was to prevent Napoleon from seizing the place.

Napoleon is a dead doll, and he can carry any black pot.

But the Llíplatans refused, and as a result the British attacked, leaving more than 2,000 Chinese garrisons here, who helped the Tapratans to fight alongside St. Martin, and repelled the British attacks on several occasions.

According to domestic orders, they began to leave the city of La Plata and the port of Buenos and moved to Montevideo on the other side of the Rio de la Plata, because the British attacked here and landed successfully, and after being repulsed by the combined Chinese and La Plata forces that had arrived, they were stationed there to help defend the fortress of Montevideo.

This was several years ago, about three years ago, when the Chinese began to settle here, and with the consent of the United States of La Plata, they agreed to open up settlements for the Chinese, so the Chinese army led the migrants to establish several settlements along the Uruguay River, where they grew grain, vegetables, and supplied military supplies.

With the end of the military operation in Mexico, the Chinese garrison also increased, to 3,000 men, but because of the threat of the Spaniards, the threat of the British, and even the threat of Napoleon in the British population, the United States of La Plata, with a population of only one million, was always in a state of uneasiness, and they needed the protection of China's military force, and they were able to establish the country with the help of the Chinese army, so the relationship between the two sides at this time can be called brothers.

In the first year, China sent more than 1,000 people, and the army had already opened up a grain and vegetable base, and handed over the tuntian fields to these ordinary people to plant, and they went to open up other planting sites, and the army opened the way, which was extremely efficient and more convenient to deal with the official de La Plata. In the second year, 3,000 immigrants entered, and in the third year, 5,000 people entered, and by the time the 5,000 arrived, the first batch of Chinese immigrants had already given birth to offspring, and more than 100 babies were born in a dense manner, indicating that this land would become a hometown.

Some nationalists instinctively feel uneasy about the arrival of tens of thousands of immigrants, but most, including government officials, feel that the increase in labor force is a good thing. In particular, the local rulers and the ruling ideology are biased towards the big bourgeoisie. As a result, the little flame of nationalism simply did not ignite.

In addition, as China regularly sent fleets here, trade routes had been opened, and civilian merchant ships began to trade, and Chinese goods poured into La Plata, squeezing out the markets that the British had just seized from Spain, and their markets were lost mainly because they had waged a war against the local regime, otherwise they would not have been lost so quickly, after all, British textiles were also cheap.

Chinese immigrants, Chinese goods, like two sharp knives, quickly entered the lives of the people of La Plata, exerting more influence than they should have.

In Brazil, King João transformed Rio de Janeiro as a large number of powerful people followed the Portuguese royal family to take refuge here, bringing with them more advanced Portuguese culture and European institutions. In addition to the pavilions, institutions were built, banks, schools, libraries, opera houses, etc., turning Rio de Janeiro into a real capital.

Brazil is rich in natural resources, and although these magnates are of average European level, compared with the original quality of officials in the colonies, it is a great improvement, so the administrative efficiency is improved, and the economic development is accelerated. Having lost the small market of Portugal, they instead established direct trade relations with Britain and China.

Sugar and coffee from Brazilian plantations entered the British market, while timber and cotton were in demand in China.

After the start of the industrial revolution, China not only quickly swept the American market that the Spaniards once closed with cheap textiles, but more also opened the curse of the domestic market, and the demand of 300 million Chinese was opened, and they could only ask for raw materials from the outside like a bottomless pit.

In this case, the scale of cotton planting in India and the United States continues to expand, and Brazilians are slowly squeezing into this market, but Brazil has always been a secondary role, and the management level of Portuguese plantation owners cannot be compared with the United States and the United Kingdom, but this phenomenon has changed a few years ago, international cotton prices have risen sharply, and Chinese goods have poured into Brazil to purchase cotton, almost as much as they want, and no one cares about Brazilian cotton with higher prices before, but suddenly it is hot.

The reason was that the war between Britain and the United States broke out in 1812, and it was suddenly difficult to ship American cotton out, which gave Brazil an opportunity.

Brazilian plantation owners expand the scale of cotton planting year after year, but the price remains high, and the Chinese wield real money and desperately ask partners to plant more cotton, telling them that no one in China wears a cotton coat, it is enough to plant cotton on all the land in Brazil, telling them not to have any worries, to open up the land, to plant cotton, and some rich Chinese businessmen will also provide advance payments.

There was no shortage of land to open plantations in Brazil, but labor was extremely scarce, and foremen to manage plantations were not easy to find, so as the slave trade expanded, recruiting immigrants from China became a more lucrative business.

Chinese immigrants don't need high wages, they even need to be given daily food, and then a few years later they are willing to come to Brazil to cultivate a piece of land. There is also no shortage of experienced agricultural workers in China, who are very efficient as foremen to help Brazilians open new plantations, because they are easy to manage, or even do not need to manage, they can manage themselves.

As a result, the Brazilians found that it was more cost-effective to hire Chinese peasants than to buy black slaves all at once. It's just that there are not many Chinese willing to emigrate, and under the effect of market laws, Chinese laborers who did not even need to pay wages before the outbreak of the cotton trade now need to be paid.

Even then it was difficult to recruit people, because there were so many places for Chinese to immigrate that plantation owners had to use personal connections to recruit people, and smart plantation owners found that with a small commission for their hired workers, they could quickly bring in their relatives and friends, and then let the plantation owner's team of hired workers expand rapidly.

Before 1812, although there was an immigration agreement with Portugal in 1808, there were not many immigrants, and with the rise of the cotton trade boom, the scale of this immigration swelled rapidly, with only 1,000 people coming to work in Brazil in 1812, and by 1815, 10,000 people had already entered Brazil.

While the scale of this influx of workers is staggering compared to Brazil, with a population of 3.8 million and 1.9 million blacks, Brazil's immigration is really a drop in the bucket compared to the rest of North America.

The real center of Chinese immigration was still North America, on the one hand, the opening of San Francisco (San Francisco), where Zhu Li established several ports and established a colonial base along the river. He had already obtained the right to emigrate to the Americas, and the reason why he was not given this power in the past, and only let him rule the land within thirty miles around the port, was that he was afraid that Zhu Lian would scatter the children indiscriminately, so that he could concentrate on opening up settlements.

The most striking is the area along the Columbia River, which was previously claimed by Russia and the United States, and China signed an agreement with Russia to demarcate its sphere of influence, and the south of the Columbia River belongs to China. The United States did not admit it, and even sent a research ship to protest here, and even tried to capture the Shuanghe Battalion, but was repelled by Zhu Li's men.

Because of the heavy price paid by Chen Zhouquan's Tiandihui, Chinese immigrants learned how to survive here and what measures should be taken to deal with the climate here, and the mortality rate was greatly reduced, and then large-scale migration began.

In 1808, the population had just crossed the 100,000 mark, but seven years later, that number is now only the number of immigrants in a year.

The Chinese have established more than a hundred settlements along the Columbia River, and the earliest colonies such as Shuanghe Ying, Laoying, Feiliu Ying, and Dahe Ying have formed towns, and although the economic output is still dominated by agricultural products, immigrants have brought the craftsmanship of their homeland here. There are even people who have already started spinning cotton weaving.

Today, the Columbia River basin is home to half a million Chinese immigrants, a tenth of whom are second-generation immigrants born there. Among the 500,000 people, there are 200,000 in the Laoge River (Columbia River) basin, and 300,000 in the Laodi River Valley (Willamette Valley) under Chen Zhouquan, and he can really be the emperor now.

But as the number of people increased, Chen Zhouquan began to suffer from gains and losses, he was not as rigid as before, and became polite to Zhu Li, because he also needed Zhu Li to help him transport more immigrants, he needed to carry out necessary trade with Zhu Li, the colonial economy always had its natural characteristics, and it was necessary to exchange materials from the outside world, and it was very dependent on trade.

At the same time, he was also very worried about internal instability, because he found that although the later immigrants still came here in the name of the Heaven and Earth Society, their respect for Chen Zhouquan, the emperor of the Heaven and Earth Society, was getting lower and lower, and in fact, Chen Zhouquan found another force within them: the White Lotus Sect!