Bismarck thought that if the Ming could choose to make concessions to Russia in the first moments before the war, Bismarck felt that he had enough reason to persuade Russia to accept peace. Pen % fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info

The reason is very simple, the just-concluded Ming-French War proved that Western countries are not yet capable of confronting the Ming Dynasty, a newly rising power, on the East Asian continent, not because the national strength of Western countries is inferior to that of the Ming Dynasty, but because the distance of tens of thousands of kilometers has greatly weakened the ability of Western countries to project forces to the East.

France can still mobilize nearly a million troops into Vietnam, can not achieve any advantage against the Ming, Russia absolutely does not have this ability, the water system of Siberia is absolutely unable to support a million people to fight, the Russians themselves have learned lessons, Peter the Great had a confrontation with the Manchu Kangxi, Nebuchu's Cossacks were also in the dilemma that France encountered in Vietnam, that is, they were besieged by the Chinese for a long time and finally had to surrender.

It would be even more impossible to choose to enter the East by sea, not to mention the devastating blow suffered by the French fleet after crossing the ocean, the Russian navy was far inferior to France, and the mere mention of Britain would make Russia not even have the idea of a sea war.

All the realities are positive, and in the event of a war, Russia will be defeated.

Russia will not accept a war that must be lost, the Ming Dynasty strongly blocked Russia, and the Russians had to fight for dignity, but if the Ming gave Russia the opportunity not to fight, I believe the Russians would seize it.

For example, the Ming Dynasty decided to open Qinhuangdao to Russia to temporarily satisfy Russia's economic interests, and Russia had a certain return, so it was naturally able to temporarily endure the inconvenience of not having access to the sea.

But in the long run, Russia will definitely attack the sea again and again, this is their historical fate, as long as Russia wants to embrace the sea, their contradictions with the Ming and Britain will be irreconcilable, will develop into a long-term confrontation, this is the most beneficial to Germany, because what Germany wants is not Russia to expand to the east once or twice, but hopes that Russia can put its forces in the east for a long time.

So just as the Russian-Ming War was about to break out, Bismarck met with the Russian ambassador and made the most reasonable proposal to Russia.

Bismarck told the Russians that if Germany could persuade the Ming to allow Russia to use the Ming port, Russia should accept it.

The Russian ambassador said that Russia could not accept the situation of being pinned down by the eastern countries for a long time, and it was impossible for Russia to endure the situation that its access to the sea was controlled by the Ming Dynasty.

Bismarck said that once the war starts, the Russian army will be defeated, and it will forever lose the opportunity to obtain the eastern outlet to the sea, and will always be blocked by the maritime countries in the cold northern hemisphere.

The Russian ambassador was superstitious about Russian military might. Bismarck reminded them of what happened to France.

Bismarck then made a very tempting suggestion, that is, Russia might as well use the ports of the Ming Dynasty to expand its interests, and at the same time improve Russia's transportation conditions to the East, Bismarck believed that it would be a good choice for Russia to build a Trans-Siberian railway to completely connect the Russian mainland with the eastern seas.

Bismarck said that he was very optimistic about the economic prospects of such a Trans-Siberian railway, and that Germany would be more than happy to provide financial support for the railway if it needed it, because Germany was not worried about the railway's ability to repay.

The Russian ambassador was convinced, and then wrote a report of his proposal to the Russian Foreign Ministry, which, after analysis, believed that this was a perfect solution to the current dilemma of "fighting and not winning, and retreating and not being reconciled".

Russia only needs to make temporary concessions to the eastern countries, and then build the Trans-Siberian Railway, which will be completed on the day when the benefits will be recovered from the eastern countries. At that time, not to mention building a railway in Huludao, the port of Qinhuangdao in the Ming Dynasty can also be taken over, and it can go further south to Tianjin to build a railway, and go to Shandong to build a railway, so as to extend the scope of Russian control step by step to the south and penetrate into the warm tropics.

So just when the Ming army cut off Huludao and Jinzhou, Russia sent a note to Germany, willing to accept German mediation, and shut down the motor of the war at the moment before the outbreak began.

Daming also accepted Germany's mediation, saying that Daming is a peaceful country, but for peace reasons, Daming is willing to negotiate any conditions.

So the Ming and Russian diplomats, under the auspices of Bismarck, made it to the negotiating table.

According to the management, if they do not quarrel with each other and blackmail, the negotiation will not cut to the point, and the scholars of the Manchu Qing Dynasty often suffer this loss, because they are not used to being like a trader, for the sake of profit, they must compete at the negotiation table, they fantasize about the lupine scarf in the high-minded talk, and they will manipulate the general trend of the world between applause, so they will compromise under the blackmail of others, do not know that this is just the opening sentence of the negotiation.

The diplomats of the Ming Dynasty have long been accustomed to all this, because the first generation of diplomats of the Ming Dynasty basically came from comprador businessmen, and then sent them to various parts of the world, hired diplomatic experts and legal experts from various countries as consultants, and let them be infected with the Western diplomatic style step by step in actual combat. Later, the second and third generations of diplomats were not so embarrassed, and diplomats like Huang Zunxian were already admitted to the Department of Foreign Affairs through the imperial examination, and then comprehensively and systematically studied diplomatic knowledge in the official school of the Department of Foreign Affairs, and then they were sent to various embassies abroad for internships, and only after passing the internship could they take up the position of diplomats in such important countries.

Compared with the first generation of Ye Luzi, the training of later Ming diplomats has been quite formal and calm.

So they will not be intimidated by this blackmail at all.

The Russians proposed that their development of Huludao was allowed by the Manchu Qing Dynasty and had nothing to do with the Ming Dynasty, which forcibly stopped Russia, violated all international norms, and would not be supported by any country, and would be resisted by the international community.

Daming retorted that at least Daming has the support of some countries. At the same time, he said that the Ming Dynasty did not refuse Russia's economic interests in the East, and even supported Russia's trade with the Ming Dynasty, but Russia's entry into the Chinese ocean, the Ming Dynasty believed that it threatened the national security of the Ming Dynasty, and in the face of national security, the Ming Dynasty had no choice.

The Russian representative satirized the Ming Dynasty, thinking that he was self-righteous when he got close to the British, and told the Ming representative that Russia was not afraid of Britain, that Russia's national strength would not be lost to Britain, and that Russia would not yield in front of Britain.

The Ming delegate reminded Russia that the resolution of the Crimean War was not good, and said that the Ming Dynasty was capable of fighting a Crimean War with Russia alone even without the support of Britain, as was the case with France not long ago.

After a day of quarrelling, the two sides began substantive negotiations under Bismarck's peace.

The Russians offered that they were willing to accept concessions at Huludao, but that the Ming would have to make amends. They demanded that the Ming not only share the right to use Qinhuangdao, but also allow Russia to station troops in Qinhuangdao in order to protect Russia's railway safety.

Deputy Daming said that any unrealistic ambition of Russia for Qinhuangdao would only bring war to Russia. The Ming Dynasty could have limited access to the interests of opening Qinhuangdao to Russia under the condition of being compensated. But Russia had only commercial interests in Qinhuangdao and no other interests.

The Ming deputies also proposed that as a condition for the Ming Dynasty to allow Russia to enter Qinhuangdao, Russia must cede the interests of the Kyakhta Railway to the Ming Dynasty. According to the conditions of the Kyakhta-Dalian railway agreed between the Ming Dynasty and Russia that year, the Ming Dynasty wanted to occupy half of the rights and interests of the Kyakhta-Qinhuangdao railway, and sent half of the management personnel to participate in the management of the railway.

Russia sternly rejected the unreasonable demands of the Ming Dynasty, saying that the Kyakhta railway is the lifeline of Russia, and Russia will never make any concessions on this issue.

The negotiations were at an impasse, and Bismarck continued to adjust between them, showing clever diplomacy and constantly unleashing his powerful influence to the outside world.

The British closely followed the progress of the negotiations, and they repeatedly felt that the negotiations would break down, that the conditions between the two sides were too different, and that war could break out at any time.

What the British didn't know was that Zhu Jinglun had a telegram in his hand at any time to pull the Russians back to the negotiating table, and if necessary, the Ming would make any concessions, including directly allowing Russia to get Huludao, so no matter how tense the negotiations were, they would not break down in the end.

As the negotiations progressed, the British repeatedly urged the Ming to start a military operation, saying that the Ming should stop the Russian project in Huludao, and saying that the Ming Dynasty gave Russia a certain amount of military pressure and helped Russia make concessions at the negotiating table.

In short, Britain really hoped that the Ming would fight this battle and send the Russians back to the mainland from the sea, but the Ming just didn't act, as if they were procrastinating.

The Ming Dynasty repeatedly took advantage of the favorable situation that Britain still needed the Ming Dynasty, and at the Singapore Conference to carve up the South Seas, he constantly asked Britain to support the Ming Dynasty's various demands.

The diplomatic activities of the East and the West are carried out almost at the same time, influencing each other, interfering with each other and promoting each other, and there has never been a moment in the world that is so closely linked together, like a net.

After he did a lot of work in private, both the Ming and Russian diplomats figured out each other's bottom line, or they thought they had figured out each other's bottom line, but they didn't know that Bismarck wanted them to think so.

Negotiations again proceeded smoothly, with concessions made by both sides.

Russia said that it did not touch Qinhuangdao, while the Ming said that it did not make claims to the Kyakhta Railway, and Russia obtained the right to enter Qinhuangdao without restrictions on the Kyakhta Railway, and the Ming Dynasty obtained the right to build and operate the railway from Qinhuangdao to Huludao, but the Ming Dynasty must use Russian standards to build this section of the railway, so that Russian trains can go all the way from Kyakhta to Qinhuangdao.

At this time, a whole year has passed since the negotiations, and the negotiations have gone so smoothly that the British feel very depressed, and Russia's entry into Qinhuangdao will inevitably make the Anglo-Russian contradictions protracted and complicated, and once anything is delayed for a long time, it will be full of variables, and the British do not think that the Ming Dynasty can always stand on the side of Britain against Russia.

Just before the end of the year, when the Ming Dynasty had begun to negotiate specific terms with Russia, suddenly the Ming army launched an operation in Huludao, and the Ming army did not have any conscription to march to Huludao and confronted the Russian army nervously.

The Ming Military Department announced that there were Ming soldiers missing, and all conditions indicated that it was the Russian army in Huludao that attacked and kidnapped the Ming soldiers, and asked to enter the Huludao fortress for search.

The situation, which had been going extremely well, suddenly became tense, and war seemed imminent.

Daming urgently sent a note to Britain, hoping to get the full support of Britain, Britain did not expect this kind of thing to happen, and regardless of whether the disappearance of Daming soldiers was a fact or an excuse, it immediately agreed to all of Daming's requests, including the payment of military aid for the second year.

At this time, after a year of negotiations, the lengthy Singapore Conference finally reached a series of agreements, and the general resolution on the interests of the South Seas was basically implemented.

Finally, in 1889, after Britain paid a second 50 million pounds of military aid as scheduled, the war did not break out, but changed dramatically.

The Russians did not accede to the Ming request to enter the Huludao fortress to investigate, but the Russian search team found a Russian soldier and a Ming soldier drunk in an ancient temple nearby.

Later, the Ming side confirmed that the soldier was the missing Ming soldier, and the Russian soldier got lost here because of hunting.

Regardless of whether this story is true or not, whether the time is right or not, after both countries have confirmed it, the misunderstanding will be contacted, and if there is no misunderstanding, there will naturally be no war, and the negotiations that had been interrupted will be carried out again, and both sides will recognize the results reached before, and immediately draft the document, send it to the governments for sealing, and then change the treaty.

The situation between Ming and Russia was like a roller coaster, rising and falling suddenly, and finally it was completely calm, and a war disappeared into nothingness.

It's just that the British found that they had paid two phases of military aid to the Ming Dynasty, totaling 100 million pounds, but they had spent it in earnest, and the Ming Dynasty would not return the money, and the British could not trouble the Ming Dynasty for this, because they still did not give up the plan to win over the Ming Dynasty against Russia.

The British intelligence agencies also found that Russia was constantly transporting construction materials to Hebrew, and after careful investigation, they found that Russia was actually preparing to build the Trans-Siberian Railway, which proved that Russia was not dead set on acquiring the ports of the East, and their peace talks with the Ming Dynasty were nothing but a delaying tactic, once their railway was built, the transportation conditions in the East would be completely improved, and they would definitely continue to seek to expand to the sea.

The British informed the Ming of this information, hoping that the Ming would make preparations and not interrupt the expansion of Russia on land before the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway, then the Ming would be in a very disadvantageous position.

Daming said that even if Russia built this railway, Daming was confident that it could defeat Russia, Daming was more concerned about the results of the Singapore Conference, and after a year of quarreling between the parties, the "General Protocol on the South Seas" was finally adopted, and the division of the South Seas was completed, with the support of Britain, the Ming Dynasty made a considerable breakthrough in the interests of the South Seas.

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