Zhezhi Castle at night is full of ninjas on night watch. It is located in the upper reaches of the Zhezhi River, but in fact, Zhezhi Castle cannot be called a city, it is just a village.

This unsheltered village made it more difficult to defend the Dark Ninja Camp, and Miracle Pill stayed up all night to carry out the Iga strategy work in such a dangerous place.

Meanwhile, Senimaru lives comfortably in Nijo Castle, lying on a comfortable couch and listening to Hosokawa Nobumoto's bedtime story.

One way to understand the society of this era is to understand the remnants of the "manor" "Somura" (Sengoku Village).

During the Heian period, public politics represented by Fujiwara Michicho created a small independent territory called "manor" in Japan. It was a "private domain" that was exempt from such a "tax" as the annual tribute. The so-called samurai evolved from the armed people who guarded the "manor".

From the mid-9th century (Heian period), some local lords began to build up private armies to defend themselves and use them to expand their power.

This armed force gradually matured into an institutionalized professional military organization, based on clan and master-slave relationships. By the 10th century, the imperial court was unable to suppress the rebellions of local forces, and had to rely on the power of the samurai from all over the country, and the samurai were further recognized by the central government as the privileged ruling class of Japan.

At the end of the 12th century, the samurai leader Minamoto Yoritomo became the "Shogun of Seiyi" and founded the Kamakura Shogunate, commanding the military and government of the world, marking the dawn of the samurai era. Most of the military leaders who followed used the official position of "General Zhengyi" to rule.

After the Kamakura period and the Muromachi period, the "guardianship" was fixed, and certain clans gradually became powerful in certain countries. The higher authorities did not like to see the power of the guardian office increase, so a system of restrictions was created, that is, "guardian power".

"Guarding the right not to enter? The child remembered that when Sanhe made a fuss in the past, this temple launched a fight on the grounds that this privilege was violated, and almost didn't kill the old turtle! "Senchomaru was influenced by Hosokawa Nobumoto, also known as Tokugawa Ieyasu is an old turtle.

"That's right, from the very beginning, this system gave the village the right to refuse to be taxed by the guardian and to gain autonomy. The name Kamisomura paid taxes directly to the shogunate, so it was possible to refuse to protect the taxes that were required to be levied. Even for the purpose of apprehending thieves and other criminals, the guardian and his retainers were not allowed to enter the villages that had been granted the 'right to guard the inbounds', and could only stand at the entrance and wait for the villagers to arrest the prisoners and send them out and hand them over. ”

"Wow! Isn't this a country China? It's a lot of power. Clever Pill listened attentively.

"As a result, since the Kamakura shogunate, the samurai regime overrode the imperial court and the villages with great power in their hands have gradually evolved from 'manors' to 'somura' that pursued more autonomy." Hosokawa Nobumoto continued to talk about the evolution of these old systems that could teach Senimaru how to govern in the future.

As a matter of fact, the so-called "Yucun" is similar to the "US" base in Japan. The base does not belong to Japan, it is a place isolated from Japan, and it can be said that it is completely "American" territory.

The soldiers on duty at the base, as well as their families, are all Americans, and the taxes must be handed over to the United States, and the criminals are basically judged by the laws of the United States. The administrative units of Japan cannot levy the "taxing power" of local taxes on them, and the police of the prefectures and counties have no way to enforce the "judicial police power" against them. This is the "right to guard in".

And the ruler of this kind of village is called the land servant, which means the village natives and have local power samurai, that is, the commonly known wealthy clan. These nobles had only contact with the central government of the shogunate, and the crops produced in the fields would only fall into the hands of the nobles. There is no way for the guardian to collect taxes from the village. ”

"It's like the lord of the village, the head of the wealthy clan, saying to the guardian: The shogunate recognizes that we have the right to guard us, so we don't have to pay you all kinds of annual tribute. It was at this time that Hichi-ben encountered the 'Xiaoice Period'..."

"Father-sama, what is the Xiaoice River period?" Suddenly hearing a new term, Smart Pill was very interested.

"Uh... During the Xiaoice River period... It's just that the weather suddenly became unusually cold, and there were droughts or floods for many years, and the grain production was greatly reduced..."Hosokawa Nobumoto was stunned for a moment, forgetting that this was a meteorological term that came later, so he had to explain it roughly.

"Oh, the boy understands, it's a natural disaster!" Smart Pill intuitively thinks that after all, this era is called that.

"That's right, it's just that this natural disaster lasts for a very long time, and it can span more than ten years or even hundreds of years! As a result, successive disasters caused starvation and a sharp decline in the population, which eventually led to unrest. In fact, we are now in the fourth Xiaoice period. Hosokawa Nobumoto nodded, and continued with the child's thoughts, so that he could better understand.

"The fourth time? And what about the first three? ”

"The first three times..." In fact, Hosokawa Nobumoto didn't know what was going on with the first three times, but he knew China, because several of the largest periods of social turmoil in Chinese history were indeed closely related to the four Xiaoice periods, and were not entirely caused by the failure of the bureaucracy.

From the end of the Yin Shang dynasty to the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty was the first Xiaoice River period, the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms, and the Western Jin Dynasty was the second Xiaoice River period, the late Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties, and the early Northern Song Dynasty were the third Xiaoice River period, and the late Ming and early Qing dynasties were the fourth Xiaoice River period.

At that time, the temperature dropped sharply, causing drought in the north, a large reduction in grain production, and the formation of decades of violent social turmoil and war, and long-term famine was the fundamental cause of the unrestrained expansion of war.

In the first three "Xiaoice periods", China's population almost always plummeted, exceeding four-fifths. There is a lack of historical records of the population changes in the last years of the Yin Shang and early Zhou dynasties; At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Han population was 60 million, and after decades of famine and war, when the Western Jin Dynasty was unified, the Han population was only 7.7 million. This was followed by the Eight Kings Rebellion and the Wuhu Rebellion, and the Han population in northern and southern China remained only 4 million. At that time, the population decline was quite alarming, so there was no more Han people after the Wuhu Rebellion.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Han population was also 60 million, and only 20 million remained in the early Northern Song Dynasty. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Han population was 120 million, but the last time the population fell by half at the end of the Ming Dynasty, thanks to the drought-resistant and high-yielding crops of potatoes, corn and sweet potatoes from the Americas.

However, because the climate began to become obvious from the thirteenth year of Wanli (1585), but it fluctuated from time to time, and began to intensify suddenly around 1600, Chongzhen reached the peak of the catastrophe. Droughts became more frequent, and at the same time the plague began to spread, coupled with the decaying system, Li Zicheng's peasant uprising, and the invasion of Manchuria. In the end, even with drought-resistant and high-yield crops, the Ming Dynasty still perished under natural disasters, internal and external troubles. Still struggling with the latest chapter you can't find? Amway One or search for Hot/Degree/Net/Article "Remember to remove "/"Otherwise you won't be able to search", here is a young lady to help you find books and accompany you to chat!