130 votes plus more.

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Of course, this kind of conquered nation does have some spiritual humiliation, just as the Russians cannot admit that it was under the rule of the Mongols that they formed a unified national and national concept, and the Indians do not want to admit that it was the British colonial rule that made them a country.

Chinese have criticized Qin Shihuang for more than 2,000 years, in fact, a very important point is that Confucian culture feels that it is unified under the conquest of Qin culture combined with Xirong and Legalism. Just like when ancient Greece was unified by Macedonia, there was a feeling of being conquered by barbarians.

However, after 2,000 years, modern Greeks recognized Alexander the Emperor of Macedonia as a great ancient Greek, and forbade Macedonia, its northern neighbor, to use the name Macedonia as the name of the country, insisting that Macedonia belonged to the historical and cultural heritage of Greece. After de-Confucianism, the Chinese also accepted Qin Shi Huang as one of China's great emperors, and one of the greatest. It is the common ancestor of the Chinese, even if this person was born in Lingnan, his ancestor succumbed to the butcher's knife of the Southern Expeditionary Army sent by Qin Shihuang. If Vietnam had not been able to gain independence from China during the Song and Ming dynasties, I believe that the Vietnamese would have said that Qin Shi Huang was their great ancestor.

The Germans arrived thousands of years late, but they had finally formed their unified national form, and now they only needed to sweep away a political form that limited unity.

And this required the submission of the South German Confederation to Prussia, or to a large concept of unifying Germany, and at this time Bismarck had a contradiction with the king, who wanted to use Prussia to unify Germany, Germany would be Prussia, and Prussia would be Germany, and Prussia would Prussianize the whole of Germany like Poland.

Bismarck felt that that would mean endless dynastic wars for supremacy, wars for territory, and the intervention of great powers, which might be as they had happened for centuries, with the Germans killing each other hundreds of times and still being divided. In Bismarck's attitude, with the relatively loose situation of the German Confederation, Germany was now united, and then slowly adjusted internally. As long as everyone acknowledges a unified foundation, internal problems are always easier to solve than external problems. In a united Germany, whether Hamburg and Berlin are subordinate or equal relations is an internal affair that can be resolved internally. A non-unified Germany, the relationship between Berlin and Hamburg belongs to the relationship between the two regimes, and foreign countries have the power to interfere.

Dissatisfied with Bismarck to the extreme, especially when Bismarck did not allow the Prussian army to enter Vienna and said that he did not want to humiliate the Austrians, did Bismarck not know how the Austrians humiliated Prussia in Olmetz, and the Prussian king, who always remembered the shame of Olmitz, was insane under the surprise of the great victory and the glorious blow of not seizing the government Austria.

William IV abdicated, and Prince William was supposed to inherit the throne, but at this time the question of succession to the throne arose.

Prince Wilhelm is still the king of Poland, when he was the king of Poland, his father Wilhelm III was the king of Prussia, and he was only a second son, no one was sure that his brother Wilhelm IV would not have children, in 1840, his father died, his brother Wilhelm IV succeeded to the throne, and as a result, there were no children for more than ten years, and Prince Wilhelm's inheritance was becoming more and more a problem.

His brother suddenly went insane, and Prussia asked him to be regent, but France suddenly intervened and demanded that he renounce the Prussian succession to the throne or the Polish throne.

Bismarck, of course, was not willing to give up such a good opportunity, and he persuaded Prince Wilhelm to declare regent in Prussia as king of Poland. His title became King of Poland and Regent of Prussia.

But France only lodged a strong protest, saying that it would never accept the concentration of Polish and Prussian royal power in the hands of one person, but that was all, France did not take practical measures, but allowed Prime Minister Napoleon to take the opportunity to expand the French standing army, expanding the French army to 600,000 men, compared to 300,000 before.

Not long ago, a great revolutionary surnamed En, who had to write articles in the newspaper to support his family, commented in the newspaper: "The simple fact is that Prussia has 500,000 needle guns, while the rest of the world has less than 500. In the last two or three or five years, not a single army could be equipped with rear-loading guns, and before that time the advantage was on the side of Prussia, do you think Bismarck did not want to take advantage of this opportunity? Of course you have to take advantage of it. …… In short, Bismarck knew very well his power, and knew that such a balance of power would last only a few years, so I think he would make the most of it. ”

Master En believed that the victory of Prussia was based on advanced rifles, and this weaponism was unacceptable. No victory is based entirely on the innovation of a particular weapon, especially a war of the same time and at the same level of technology. The Qin army, which won the battle of reunification, was an army armed with bronze, and the Korean iron industry was developed during the same period, and it was Korea that could be beaten the worst.

Moreover, the Prussian needle gun had a great defect and could not solve the problem of air tightness, resulting in a range of only half of the front-loading gun, and the power was less than that of the front-loading rifle, and the biggest advantage was that it could fire prone and fast, which was extremely advantageous in hand-to-hand combat.

In fact, the secret was made public long after Prussia began to assemble a large number of needle rifles, and when an army began to install a certain type of rifle, it was impossible to keep it absolutely secret. And not as the family portrays it, the Prussians regarded the needle gun as the greatest military secret. Rather, it was open to foreign countries, and armed with this rifle allowed them to be one step ahead of the German military's keen sense of military innovation, just as they always tried to maintain the most efficient military system. Even then, even their own generals did not accept this rifle in their entirety, but had a soft spot for front-loading guns, which had been used for hundreds of years.

A Prussian general hated rear-loading guns, and when he died, he left a last word, asking for a burst of gunfire from a front-loading smoothbore gun on his grave, otherwise he would not die.

When a Swiss military delegation visited Prussia, the Swiss general, who was inspecting the Prussian breech-loading unit, shouted as he walked: "Eating by mouth is noble, and a Swiss shooter would never be so humble as to shoot with a tail-loading 'enema' (referring to a rear-loading gun)." ”

In the last war between Prussia and Russia, not only were a large number of Chinese military observers watching, but a group of young Chinese officers in the Ural army had personally fought against the Prussian army. Their evaluation of this weapon after the war was also more focused on heavy firepower.

After an evaluation, the Equipment Section of the Chinese Ministry of War also copied a batch of needle guns, but only to equip auxiliary troops, because it was considered that this weapon was more conducive to defense. When the enemy is close to the fortifications, the dense firepower will cause the opponent to suffer greatly. However, the main army still uses rifled rifles, because doubling the design distance means doubling the lethality, and attacking troops always pay attention to power.

Historically, in the decisive battle between Prussia and the Austrian army, the result of the pin gun was that the Prussian army lost 360 officers and 8,812 soldiers killed or wounded or missing; The Austrian army (including the Saxon army) had 1,372 officers and 43,500 soldiers killed or wounded or missing, of whom 20,000 were captured. The reason for the heavy casualties of the Austrians was that when they fled, they left behind 20,000 wounded, and after subtracting this part, the casualties were actually less than one to two.

It would be unfair to Prussia to attribute Prussia's victory solely to weapons, completely ignoring Prussia's more efficient mobilization system, Moltke's more orderly command system, and even the training and discipline of Prussian soldiers being higher than that of Austrian soldiers.

On the one hand, the countries began to pay general attention to the rear-loading guns, and on the other hand, the French felt that their weapons were at a disadvantage, and did not dare to respond to Bismarck's provocations without scruples.

Seeing that the French were not fooled, Bismarck knew that the material he added was not strong enough, and he had not yet touched the bottom line of the French.

The bottom line of the French was, of course, the merger of Prussia and Poland, so the question of Prussian royal power suddenly began to appear frequently in the press.

Why first hype in the newspapers, and not direct action, is not impossible, but because Bismarck also needs to mobilize the German national mood.

Now it only squeezed out Austria, but let the South German states begin to draw closer to France, they did not want to be unified under the Prussian banner, but the concept of the German nation has been formed, and the grievances and hatred between the German nation and the French nation make relying on France can only be a political means, and cannot be accepted by ordinary citizens.

Therefore, Bismarck hyped up the issue of the throne of Prussia and constantly created such a public opinion, that is, France was using the power of the great powers to interfere in the question of the succession to the throne of the German states.

Wantonly bribed the royal literati to propagate the public opinion that France was bullying the German nation.

On the one hand, it had already borrowed a loose German Confederation to achieve the de facto leadership of the German regions, and on the other hand, with the help of the offensive of public opinion, those monarchs of the states who were reluctant to advance and retreat with Prussia had to be forced to side with Prussia under national pressure.

No matter how much these monarchs did not want to be united under the banner of Prussia, they had to stand under the banner of the Hohenzollern family and fight together for the German nation.

Compared to Bismarck's political power and his will to unify Germany at all costs, the power of the Prussian pistol may not be worth mentioning.

Bismarck was truly an incomparably sharp needle gun.