Section 386 Encirclement and annihilation of the Spanish army
Crown Prince Zhou Jitong was sitting in the Santiago City Hall at this time, and he received the Mapuche from the south, a brave local tribe, and Zhou Jitong wanted to recruit them.
The Spanish conquest of the South American Indians was mostly successful, with the rare exception of the Mapuche people, who had to sign a peace agreement with the Mapuche in 1641 to make the south of the Biobío River a Mapuche territory, allowing them to become independent, and then began to switch to a policy of cultural assimilation.
Assimilation, which took place for more than a hundred years, and through the gradual influence of beliefs and customs, colonial culture permeated the lives of the Mapuche people bit by bit. After Chile seceded from Spain, an attempt was made to annex the Mapuche to Chile as a reservation. But with Chile's independent government soon suppressed by Spain, the matter was closed.
Zhou Jitong is not Zhou Lang, he does not intend to return the South American colonies to the Spaniards, so if he occupies a place, he must control and rule a place.
The Spanish ruled South America by relying on the colonial government, and gradually changed the past practice of suppressing the local white forces, and turned to the use of the local white community, and appointed a large number of native whites as officials, which greatly alleviated the contradiction with the native white forces.
White Spaniards, native whites, this is the dominant ethnic group in South America, but the advantage is reflected in the vast majority of their wealth such as plantations and mineral deposits, not reflected in the population, the total population of Chile is only about 1.5 million, the total number of white Spaniards and native whites is less than 200,000, but the mixed population is nearly 800,000, and there are only 300,000 Indians including the southern Mapuche people, and the Mapuche people as an independent force have more than 100,000 people who are worth wooing.
White Spaniards and native-born whites are the forces that Zhou Jitong wants to exclude, and the mixed-race population is the main force he has wooed. Most of these mixed-race people are of Indian blood, whether they are white Spaniards or native-born whites, they look down on them and are unwilling to marry them, and their ancestors are mostly the illegitimate children of bachelors who can't stand loneliness. They also look down on the Indians, unless they are of mixed race at the bottom, they rarely marry the Indians, they have become the first race, and their own internal intermarriage can already satisfy the inheritance.
Like the Indians, they lacked wealth, and unlike the Indians, they had to attach themselves to Spanish power, serving as soldiers for the Spanish government and working on the farms of native whites. So they were more literate than the Indians, but they were not as good as the whites, and they were an oppressed caste.
Indians are marginalized people who are excluded from mainstream society, not because the colonial government does not want to accept and assimilate Indians, but because of stubborn culture and prejudice, it is difficult for Indians to gain a foothold in white society, they cannot make a living in white cities, they can only live in Indian villages, and their culture is very backward and out of touch with European culture.
The Mapuche people, in particular, even maintained most of their traditional culture, and were even more backward than other Indian groups in the Spaniard-ruled areas, and were regarded as Shengfan by Zhou Jitong.
Compared with Peru, Chile has many fewer natives, and after Zhou Jitong captured Lima, it was easy to recruit a large number of Indian troops, send his own officers to serve as high-level soldiers, recruit some mixed-race people as middle and low-level soldiers, recruit a large number of semi-assimilated Indians, and form Chilean auxiliaries, so that they can encircle and suppress the Spanish colonial army and native white army hiding in the rural plantations. But in Chile, there were fewer Indians than mixed races, making it difficult for him to form a pure Indian army, so he had to win over students like Mapuche.
Today, they finally succeeded in convincing the other side that they were willing to send a tribal army to cooperate with the Dauphin's army to clear out the Spanish army that was hiding in their bodies, and the Dauphin provided them with 10,000 men of arms and continued to support their independence.
After doing these things, the crown prince did not continue to go south, where La Plata could not control the sea, he could not occupy the port city, this is still very clear to him, the weapons and equipment currently provided to the Uruguayan garrison, in the case of smuggling, the more places to be captured, the more troops sent to conquer, which is equivalent to sending more trapped troops to the British naval blockade.
He turned north and stayed in Lima, where he listened to reports from the local forces and found that the situation was good. Some of the native-born whites had chosen to cooperate with him, and he had given them titles and official positions in exchange for their loyalty. The new government formed was also becoming more and more controlling, and as long as the control of the sea was maintained, it was almost impossible for the Spaniards to make a comeback.
He continued northward, capturing Panama City along the way, but did not continue the offensive, because the road to the other side was hidden in the rainforest, although there were official roads, but the road conditions were not good, and the occupation of Panama City was mainly for defensive purposes, preventing the Spanish army from Europe through the Isthmus of Panama to the west coast of South America.
Even the capture of Panama City only sent a partial division, the main force with the crown prince non-stop north, he needs to hurry up to return to North America, spring has arrived, the British and American armies will fight south at any time, he needs to immediately support Huang Qiu, otherwise he is very worried, relying on tens of thousands of village soldiers can not hold the Great Plains area east of the Rocky Mountains.
Fortunately, Huang Qiuhuan's command was cunning enough and his combat experience was rich enough to constantly maneuver with the Americans in the Mississippi River Valley, and even captured a main American army, but most places could only rely on guerrilla warfare to contain it. Especially in the south, the main American forces have been assembled in New Orleans, and the Spanish coalition forces have launched a counteroffensive from the south.
A few days later when the crown prince returns, the other side will be able to break through the Arkansas River defenses.
The US-Spanish coalition army deployed 100,000 main forces in this area, and Huang Qiuhuan's township soldiers were only 60,000, not to mention training, they couldn't do a rifle per person, many people were holding farm tools, they were simply local peasants, used to fill up the number of suspicious soldiers, and there were only 20,000 soldiers who could really fight.
After the arrival of the crown prince, his main force was not yet in place, and he himself took the train first to the camp of Huang Qiu in St. Louis.
Huang Qiu was also studying how to deal with the Arkansas War, and when he heard the news of the arrival of the crown prince, he immediately changed his mind, hoping that the crown prince would take his 30,000 veterans who had accumulated some experience in the war to the Arkansas River valley with the main force, and he would continue to deal with the Americans in the border area with a group of recruits who had just been recruited recently.
At this time, they came up with a bold plan to encircle and annihilate the 50,000 Spanish regular troops in the upper reaches of the Arkansas River before the enemy could find out that their main force had returned!
At this time, the American and Spanish coalition forces in the Arkansas River, the American army and the Spanish army each had 50,000, and the Spaniards did not know if they attached too much importance to the gold mines, their main forces were concentrated near the gold mines, and they had successfully seized the gold mines in the Colorado area, and 50,000 people were distributed in the gold mines to the upper reaches of the Arkansas River; In the middle and lower reaches, 50,000 U.S. troops marched north from New Orleans along the Arkansas River, but the U.S.-Western coalition forces had not yet converged, and there was a gap of hundreds of kilometers between them.
Huang Qiu also suggested that the crown prince send the main force to cross the river through the gap between the two armies, and then make a detour to the rear of the Spaniards, cutting off the Rio Grande, Colorado and Arkansas rivers from the Spanish army, and then take the initiative in both siege and assault.
Huang Qiu will continue to harass the U.S. troops with his hometown soldiers, and at the same time make moves south, so that the U.S. troops will not dare to come to the aid of the Spanish army.
The crown prince accepted this suggestion, because so far, although he had attacked and plundered a lot of land, and even took advantage of the opportunity of the main Spanish army to move north, and occupied Mexico City, the capital of the colony of New Spain, he had not encountered many major battles and annihilated many enemies.
The 50,000 Spanish main force, he is determined.
And he has an absolute advantage, the railroad is connected to the Green River, a tributary to the north of Colorado, from here to the south, it can cut off the connection between Spain and the Colorado River, and it is convenient to mobilize the army, which can be used as a channel for the main army to attack the Spaniards. The roundabout troops crossed the Arkansas River through the Missouri River and the Platte River to the south, cutting off the connection between the United States and the Spanish.
The greatest difficulty was primarily transportation, not fighting or anything else, and the engagement with the Spanish army would take place mainly on the Colorado Plateau in the Rocky Mountains, and once the military movement was completed, it would be half the victory. Because for the Spaniards, I am afraid that the biggest problem is also the traffic, and the key to the victory or defeat of the two sides is who can control the traffic.
This time the light cavalry from the Chinese nomadic tribes taught the Europeans a lesson, if the head-to-head situation, the Western cavalry could already completely crush the traditional way of fighting the Eastern nomadic cavalry, but in terms of long-distance running and detours, they had not yet reached the level of Genghis Khan's time.
A large number of Indians were involved in the battle, and they fought a successful roundabout battle on the Colorado Plateau, where only a few Indian tribes settled, with no one in the middle of nowhere.
Without much fighting, he detoured from the Prate River back to the Arkansas, crossed the river on a sheepskin raft, and arrived at the Pueblo settlement, where the Spaniards must pass, and completed the southern treasure of the Spaniards.
The Spanish army of 50,000 was now stuck on the Colorado Plateau, isolated.
The Spaniards now had the opportunity to move south from the Lorado tributary, cross the watershed, and retreat from the Rio Grande to Mexico or the United States. The two rivers are not far apart, because for a long time, the Rio Grande was mistaken for the upper reaches of the Colorado River, and was directly called the Rio Grande, which shows that the two tributaries are so close that they are separated by a watershed.
However, it is not known whether they were too attached to the gold mines or overconfident in their own military power, but they still held on to the gold mines, and divided their forces to repel the outflanking army in the south. Although the Indians were not capable of frontal combat, they were good at harassment and sneak attacks, and they had been sticking to the Spaniards like a plaster, making their logistics channels unblocked.
When the crown prince's main force of 100,000 men gathered around the goldfields, the defeat of the Spaniards was already doomed. After more than ten days of fierce frontal fighting, although only a few thousand casualties were paid, the Spaniards had no hope of breaking through, and their fragile logistical supplies were becoming increasingly strained, and they chose to surrender when they could not see help.