Section 812 Conference of the Great Powers on the Distribution of Spoils

The Germans showed their inward-looking side, and after the British had made concessions to them on the Samoan question, they accepted what they wanted, fearing that China and Britain would be completely driven out of the Far East, and agreed to abandon the transfer agreement with Spain for the Philippines.

If Germany retreats, other countries will be able to do it.

Spain expressed their willingness to participate in the negotiations, because they had already sent 200,000 troops in Cuba, and now that the United States was involved, they had completely lost control of the situation, and hoped to use the power of the international community to ensure their interests in the colonies.

The Netherlands and France were also willing to participate, and the United States finally decided to respond to the invitation of the United Kingdom, and Mexico requested to participate on the grounds that Cuba and Puerto Rico had a large number of Mexican businessmen doing business, and they were allowed to participate.

In the end, Germany, who had provoked the problem, was excluded, and when they got Samoa, they lost their say in the Spanish colonial issue and became irrelevant to the relevant interests. Also excluded are the rebel armies in the Philippines and Cuba.

And the fact that the meeting was held in London, rather than in Berlin during the Bismarck era, also made the Germans quite emotionally disappointing. During the Bismarck era, international conferences were held in Berlin many times, which made them once arrogantly claim that Berlin was already the center of the world and Germany was the center of the world, but now they are excluded from international conferences, and the people generally believe that this is a failure of German diplomacy.

Under the influence of various strange feelings, the German parliament passed the second naval bill, adjusted the naval bill they had only passed in 1898, and decided to add 10 new battleships, expand the German naval fleet to a scale comparable to Britain within ten years, and protect at least the scale that can threaten Britain, so that even if Britain can defeat the German navy, it must pay a heavy price, so that after they defeat the German navy, they will not be able to form an absolute advantage over the navies of third countries such as France and Russia. They believed that as long as they were able to weaken the British Navy to such an extent, Britain would not dare to go to war with the German Navy lightly, and would not show a tough attitude towards Germany as in the Philippine incident.

Germany continued to move towards the mountain of no return in the naval race.

During the international conference, Britain did not issue countermeasures for the time being, but concentrated on convening an international conference to resolve the chaotic situation caused by the Spanish colonial uprising.

At the meeting, Spain hoped for international support to help Spain continue to maintain its legitimate rule. The United States strongly criticized Spanish rule in Cuba and produced a large body of evidence that Spanish rule in Cuba was extremely chaotic and unpopular, and demanded that Spain negotiate with the Cuban rebels and, if necessary, grant Cuba independent status.

Spain, for its part, supported the United States in providing assistance to the Cuban rebels, violating the principle of neutrality and interfering in Spain's internal affairs.

The quarrel between the United States and Spain was very fierce.

France, on the other hand, proposed that Spain should place its colonies under international condominium given that Spain no longer had the power to defend them, but that Spain's dominance should be respected. France's proposal was supported by the Netherlands and Denmark. However, Spain strongly objected, and the United States also said that too much intervention of the national community in the region would only create more contradictions. The United States still insists that the Cuban people should be the sole proprietor of the Cuban question, and that the same should be true when it comes to the Philippines.

China has stated that it agrees in principle to the international condominium of the Spanish colonies until a state of peace and stability is restored. He also pointed out that if the international community needs to station armed forces in various colonies in order to maintain local peace and stability, China will support it.

The United States is firmly opposed to this proposal, especially the use of force by international forces to intervene in Cuba, believing that such a move will only complicate the region. The British weighed the fact that they had just excluded Germany from the Philippines and also considered it inappropriate to maintain armed forces in the Spanish colonies and would cause German displeasure.

But the French questioned, how can you guarantee stability in these areas without the presence of armed forces?

This is an issue, and after discussion, it was agreed that it is necessary to send armed forces to this place. As a result, it was opposed by both Spain and the United States, the two countries that had the most quarrel at the beginning, but they were very much in agreement on this issue.

Spain knew that once the hungry wolves sent troops to their colonies, those colonies would not be theirs, and the Americans, in line with the Monroe Declaration, did not want to see any country expand its military presence in the Americas.

Spain hopes to use international forces, it wants to get international aid, and everyone can give money and guns, so that the army does not need to be sent.

But the reason why France made this proposal was that it would be impossible to say that it did not have the slightest idea about the Spanish colonies.

Spain was the earliest on the road of colonization, and the colonies it occupied were actually the most fat, but it was a pity that the management ability was too poor.

The promotion of the large plantation economy in the colonies and the granting of privileges to the Spanish aristocracy benefited only the Spanish nobility and the power of the Church. The local indigenous forces, including the native-born whites, opposed Spanish rule. This level of management, not to mention the United Kingdom, is not even comparable to France.

The French believed that if these colonies were handed over to France, the value of production would be at least several times greater.

The British only wanted to maintain stability, and did not want to change the ownership of these colonies, and the purpose of the conference was even to help Spain maintain colonial rule. They are also not very in favor of international armed intervention, but if international armed forces do not intervene, Spain alone is no longer able to maintain its rule, and if it really gives money and guns, I am afraid that few countries are willing.

Britain instead proposed that countries could send armed forces, but not alone, and form a joint command to unify command. Moreover, the aim of each country was not to encroach on the possession rights of the Spanish colonies, but to maintain peace and stability.

This is something that Spain can barely accept, but the United States still cannot. France, for its part, objected to the fact that it was difficult to coordinate the armed forces of various countries, and suggested that countries should be divided into subdivisions to maintain law and order and that clear areas of management be demarcated. However, for the sake of face, France expressed its support for maintaining Spain's special position in the colonies, claiming that France did not want to infringe on Spain's colonial dominance.

Countries are arguing very much, and China rarely expresses its attitude, because China is actually very conflicted on this issue.

In fact, China never participated in the Spanish colonial uprisings, not because of the neutrality laws, but simply because China's own interests were very contradictory in these uprisings.

In the Philippines, the Chinese Consulate has always maintained the neutrality of the Chinese. In order to prevent Chinese infiltration of the Philippines, the Spanish government agreed to the opening of a consulate here by the Ming Dynasty very late, and only after the Singapore Conference did the Chinese be allowed to operate business here without restrictions, including buying land for agriculture. But in the Philippines, because the Chinese gained these powers very late, after the Singapore Conference, the Ming Dynasty obtained a legal colony, so the focus of business and immigration on the colony, resulting in the Chinese in the Philippines basically only existed as a businessman, and the 50,000 Chinese in the Philippines were all businessmen and men who served for business, etc.

In Cuba, however, the opposite is true. Cuba is very far away from China, the Spaniards are not too worried about the Ming infiltration here, the history of the use of coolies to replace the blacks, led to the Cuban uprising, the Chinese accounted for one-tenth of the local population, and mainly young and middle-aged men, this history, the Chinese are not only men, the Chinese in Cuba, not only coolies, or even no coolies at all, are legal agricultural workers, the number is more than historical, accounting for nearly one-fifth of the local population.

Therefore, in the Cuban uprising, there was still a phenomenon in history, a large number of Chinese laborers joined the rebel army, the number was as high as tens of thousands, and the overseas Chinese, mainly Hakka, had strong combat effectiveness, and the leader of the Cuban rebel army commented, "No one is a deserter, no one is a traitor", this sentence was later engraved on the monument to the Chinese martyrs.

Therefore, the Chinese in the Philippines are neutral and do not participate in the Philippine uprising, whether the Philippines is an independent state, or it is ruled by Spain, the Chinese are mainly commercial, the loss is not large, and it is easier to continue to maintain interests, and even under the colonial rule of Spain, the Chinese will be more adaptable. In Cuba, because of the large number of Chinese, second only to whites and blacks, the Chinese are distributed in all walks of life, and there are a large number of middle- and lower-class Chinese, and there are strong anti-colonial tendencies. The fact that a large number of Chinese joined the rebel army forced the Chinese government to consider.

Therefore, supporting the uprising harmed the interests of the Filipino Chinese, and opposing the uprising harmed the interests of the Cuban Chinese, which made the Chinese government very difficult, so it always remained neutral and did not even sell weapons to the rebels, until the Japanese made the money.

The fact that the Chinese deputies are not speaking at present reflects this contradiction.

After a long debate, in the end there were many people in favor of sending troops, and most of them supported the French idea of partition and occupation, and finally even Britain agreed to this almost partition of the Spanish colonies.

However, heated debates broke out between countries over the number of troops to be sent and the size of the region.

Seeing that it could not change the willingness of various countries to send troops, the United States strongly demanded that all countries draw up a unified timetable and give clear guarantees on the dispatch and withdrawal of troops. Several countries, led by France, have said that it is difficult to do so, believing that setting a time limit for such a law and order war will lead to military command restrictions.

The United States also demanded that the number of troops sent by various countries be restricted, believing that the number of troops of various countries should not exceed 10,000, and France believed that there should be no restrictions, and said that 10,000 troops were far from enough, and that Spain could not suppress the Cuban rebellion even if it sent 200,000 troops, and that it would be useless for countries to send fewer troops.

China supports France's attitude.

The United States suddenly pointed the contradiction at China, believing that China has the right to send troops to the Philippines, but Cuba is too far away from China, and China has no legitimate interests here, but it should not send troops to Cuba and Puerto Rico.