Karl Marx Eight Commentaries on Treville

The recent developments on the European continent have taken everyone by surprise, and the whole world has been shaken by what has suddenly happened in the heart of the Russian Empire, and an empire that seemed to be mighty has been paralyzed by this sudden event - which is nothing less than bad news for it, because they have already fallen into an absolute disadvantage in the military confrontation with Britain and France.

Because of the sluggishness, sluggishness, and corruption of the Russian Empire, the transmission of information was slow and often distorted, so we may never know what happened in St. Petersburg during those crucial days, but based on the information we have so far, we can try to sketch a rough outline of all these events for the reader:

While the Russian Tsar was worried about the deteriorating situation of the war and summoned his ministers to the Winter Palace where he was living to discuss countermeasures, a group of putschists, who seemed to have the cooperation of a large number of Guards and garrisons near Petersburg, took possession of the Winter Palace after a brief exchange of fire, and took control of the Tsar and his ministers.

From the point of view of the coup, it did not shed much blood, and the nerve center of the Russian Empire did not anticipate this sudden change, so it was quickly broken by these putschists, and because the tsar and the ministers had lost contact with the outside world in this incident, the garrison outside the city was not able to receive unified orders and actions for the most important hours, and finally could only watch in horror as the Winter Palace and the entire capital fell into the hands of the putschists.

Now that the fate of the tsar and his ministers is unknown, the coup d'état has taken control of the capital and issued a large number of proclamations in the name of the new provisional government asking the local governments to follow their orders, thus making the coup known to the world.

Now, the provisional government has elected its head, Count Bezukhov, and has formed a leadership that will try to take over the entire country at a very fast pace and carry out their plans for statecraft.

Although we had never heard of their name or organization before, judging by the scale of their operation, and the actions that followed, it was a long-planned and successful operation.

There is no doubt that the coup d'état, which took place in the Crimean Peninsula against the backdrop of the intensification of the fighting and the loss of the Sevastopol fortress by the Russian Empire, was a concrete manifestation of the disillusionment of the Russian nation with the Tsar and the tsarist government. However, gathering so many officers and soldiers willing to participate in the coup d'état is definitely not something that can be done overnight, and it is also impossible to gather a leading elite group large enough to try to take over the entire country in the short term, so this should be a long-planned operation, and military defeat is only a fuse.

This is not to say that the military defeat of the Russian Empire was not important, but in fact it was the most direct reason for the success of the coup d'état - the Tsar and the entire Russian Empire had already gained a bad reputation, by which the vast masses of the people were suppressed without freedom and property, and the other conquered peoples were even more disgusted with all the injustice and oppression they had suffered, and that all that this vicious regime could rely on was a brutal army.

And when the army suffers defeat, the polity will inevitably weaken until it finally collapses.

All autocrats like to dress themselves up as guardians of the people, tirelessly instilling in the people the myth that only they can save them from being bullied by foreigners; At the same time, it was precisely because of the expansion of the army and the empire that the tsar was able to anesthetize his people with illusory glory, making them more or less endure the suffering that the tsarist regime inflicted on themselves,

However, the fact that the Tsarist military machine, which had appeared to be a formidable force, was losing ground in the confrontation with the European powers was tantamount to declaring to the Russian people that all their suffering had been in vain, and that all the lies of the Tsars had been exposed in the course of defeat, and that they were mere parasites entrenched in the heads of the people, and that they themselves were the root cause of Russia's backwardness.

The collapse of the Tsar's myth gave the conspirators an excellent opportunity, and the conspirators apparently seized the opportunity to shock the world with a sudden attack.

Although we do not yet know for sure what will happen next, we can say that the sudden change will have a completely new impact on Europe.

Unlike previous coups in the Russian Empire, the coups had a political purpose other than a struggle for power and profit—after taking control of the capital, they formed a provisional government that would immediately declare a constitutional government in Russia and grant free personal rights to the citizens of each empire, with the aim of changing the Russian Empire to a new one.

Yes, this is not a palace coup, this is a revolution!

We did not expect the progress of the war in Crimea to catalyze such a shocking outcome, which proves that we underestimated the level of Russian awakening, and that even in the most dreary and violent regimes, human fervor for freedom will never be extinguished.

The conspirators, represented by Count Bezukhov, who, out of an admirable public spirit, risked their lives and abandoned their luxurious life to do such a great thing, which deserves the admiration of any well-intentioned person, who are the most dazzling fruits of the centuries-long civilization of the aristocracy of the Russian Empire, and whose efforts are also a necessary way for this nation to enter a new era.

It is absolutely fortunate that in the midst of centuries of ignorance and darkness has given birth to such an elite who love the country and the nation and are determined to drag Russia out of its sleepy quagmire. It is ironic that Russia, which was originally the backbone of the Holy Alliance and considered the most reactionary bastion in Europe, would be the first to break out in the revolution and regain the banner that had been trampled on by the restored Bourbons in 1815.

With their actions, Europe has once again entered a turbulent year since 1789, in which everyone is consciously or unconsciously participating in history, perhaps just one year will represent a century.

This revolution is both unexpected and reasonable. The viciousness of the Tsarist regime, which kept it alive and accumulated hatred for itself, was weakened and the crater finally erupted, and the polity ushered in a fateful reckoning.

Of course, the paralysis of the Russian Empire and the imprisonment of the tsar and his ministers did not mean the complete collapse of the tsarist regime. After all, there are still many troops loyal to the Tsar on the Crimean peninsula and on the borders, and there must be many officials from the provinces who will continue to succeed in this form of government, and they will unite to try to strangle the revolutionaries in Petersburg and defend their former positions and interests.

At the same time, these revolutionaries had to face the opposition of the entire aristocracy, and although many of their leaders were from the aristocracy and relied on their wealth to lay some kind of material basis for the revolution, the conscious individual was not representative of the class, and the Russian aristocracy as a whole was the most reactionary, relying on allegiance to the Tsar, maintaining its absolute authority within the territory with peace of mind, and sucking the bones of the serfs.

If the Russians were to be given freedom, it would be to their great detriment, and they would certainly do everything in their power to assist the reactionary armies in order to strangle the rebels they call and return Russia to their rule.

For these people, the revolutionaries of Petersburg had no illusions of reconciliation or anything like reconciliation, and they had to know that only a storm could wash away the evils that had accumulated over many centuries, and that the slightest compromise would only cost their cause.

In addition, for these revolutionaries, they had an even more vicious and powerful enemy, and that was the great powers of Europe.

These countries, which had stifled the French Revolution half a century ago, and were proud to revel in it, are naturally not indifferent to the storm coming from Russia, and they will do everything they can to destroy, to interfere, to destroy, to keep out the specter of the revolution, and they think they can do it all.

Although the Western European powers were at war with the Russian Empire, and to some extent were the cause of the present situation, they were not fundamentally in contradiction with the Russian Empire or with the Tsar, these civilized gentlemen spoke the same language, and did the same despicable acts, ruling the country with tyrannical and tyrannical means, driving people from all countries to fight each other and die for their shady interests.

They fight each other, but they are also happy to maintain the rule of any of them, because for them the people are never monsters that can be put into the sun.

We have enough definite information to prove that on the Crimean front, the Russian army has begun to negotiate a peace treaty with the Anglo-French forces.

Charles de Treville, the loyal henchman and wise man of the Emperor of the Liars, had already rushed to the Crimea to negotiate an armistice with the Russian delegation, and what had happened in Petersburg would inevitably spur the Russian delegation to speed up and conclude peace with the Western European powers as soon as possible, and then transfer troops back into the heart of the Russian Empire to stifle the revolution.

In order to stop the war, in order to gain the support of the Western European powers, these civilized gentlemen of Russia are willing to sell their interests, and they would rather sell their country to civilized gentlemen of their own kind than give the Russians the gift of freedom, and the events of the past have long proved this.

Now the supporters of the Tsar have begun to move around, tangling up the reactionary army, taking control of the territory, preparing to make up for what they have lost overnight with guns.

Of course, although their armies are well-trained and have accumulated a wealth of combat experience over the years of warfare, they are by no means without weaknesses - all armies are made up of ordinary people in the final analysis, and any action that is beneficial to the people will in the final analysis also benefit the largest class of soldiers in the army, and there is nothing more direct and definite than the land for these forcibly requisitioned farmers.

Foreign intervention is also impossible, and unlike interference in France, Russia is not surrounded on all sides, and it is difficult for foreign coalition forces to attack it in a coordinated manner. Russia's vast territory and climatic conditions also made it extremely difficult for foreign countries to intervene, and the vast territory gave the Russians the depth to maneuver calmly, and with the experience of Napoleon, it was difficult for foreign monarchs to make up their minds to go deep alone.

Thus, we can foresee that foreign intervention will be dominated by support for reactionary armies everywhere.

Therefore, in order to perpetuate the revolution, to consolidate the authority of the Provisional Government, and to strike at the reactionary armies which are being gathered everywhere, the revolutionaries who occupied Petersburg must not have any illusions, they must unequivocally confirm their position, and they must dismantle these armies with a rapid agrarian reform, and the freedom they promise to the people will never appeal to the ordinary soldiers more than the land.

Now, the revolutionaries of Petersburg have undoubtedly made a good start through their own far-sighted planning and determination, but only with stormy action and indomitable spirit can they get a good end, otherwise their cause will be defeated by the enemy's counterattack, and Russia will lose a golden opportunity for a glorious future.

Elsewhere, the bourgeois, who had time for tea and some bombastic talk, might condemn the revolution as it would bring misery to the civilized classes of Russia and the good times to the end, as they are accustomed to be – the souls of centuries of misery and tyranny, indifferent to the fall of a few hundred heads!

We cannot deny that this represents violence and bloodshed, and to some extent may even be a large-scale civil war, and that between the two groups of people who are determined to bring about the revolution and to strangle it, there will inevitably be a fierce struggle to the death, and there will never be a sudden victory, and it will have to go through a difficult trek, through countless hardships, hardships and sacrifices before we can taste the final sweetness.

With his great courage and wisdom, Count Bezukhov opened a glorious new page for the continent, and the monarchs of Europe will return to the days when they were shaken by the revolution, and their success will surely inspire the aspirants of all European countries.

We wish him every success. We are also convinced that as a dynamic nation, under the leadership of this group of awakened fighters, we will be able to regain their freedom from the tyranny and usher in a new future!