vs 649 This is profiteering
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De Zhulin read in the newspaper that a number of Chinese merchant ships were seized by the British Navy, initially through the English Channel, and later to the point that merchant ships entering and leaving the North Sea from the northern waters of Britain would also be intercepted.
When the British announced the implementation of the inspection system in the English Channel, the merchant ships of China's overseas giants did not pay much attention, because the British mainly inspected the arms delivered to Germany, but the arms sold by China to Germany rarely took this route, and it was more convenient to pass by train. The most sensitive is nothing more than Chilean saltpeter, but the merchant ships of the American Company, carrying Chilean saltpeter from the South Pacific to the South Atlantic, and then crossing the Atlantic to the North Atlantic, do not care to go a little further, bypassing the whole of Britain and taking the North Sea Route.
The merchant ships that still pass through the English Channel are mainly civilian and dual-use commodity carriers, African companies transport cotton and cotton yarn from India, South Africa, and Egypt, Australian companies transport iron ore from Australia, and European companies have always had closer ties with France, whose headquarters on the European continent are in Marseille, France.
The British were the first to seize iron ore from Australia, and it was clear that they knew the strategic importance of high-quality iron ore from Australia to Germany. Then the merchant ships of the Australian company began to take the Northern Sea Route, and at the same time the iron ore trade was greatly reduced, as the Germans began to import iron ore from Sweden. But soon the British began to enforce a system of inspections in the northern seas, and the saltpeter trade from Chile was cut off. Iron ore from Australia could no longer enter Germany. But at this time, materials such as cotton and cotton yarn, as well as grain, can still pass through the English Channel.
But in the second month of the war, the situation in France became more and more unfavorable, especially the speed of the Polish army's advance made Britain very worried, they were worried that France could not defend Paris, so that France might be defeated, and the defeat of France was unacceptable to Britain, so when the Polish army advanced to Compiègne, Britain fortunately did not even allow dual-use materials such as cotton yarn and food to enter Germany.
The war had only been going on for more than two months, and many merchant ships were unaware of the situation, and many of the merchant ships destined for Europe had not even broken out when the war had not even broken out. After the outbreak of the war, the number of merchant ships sent to Europe did not decrease, but because of the impact of the war, the freight rates of major shipping companies rose sharply, and the trade of ocean transportation became more considerable.
Under Chinese pressure, the British initially let some merchant ships go, and then simply negotiated directly with the shipowners to purchase all the materials sold to Germany, or even buy them at a higher price. In 1812, the United States declared war on Britain because Britain arbitrarily seized and intercepted American merchant ships and forcibly conscripted American sailors as navy.
Despite the British buying up German orders, the scale of the maritime trade declined on a large scale, and the operation of the Chinese shipping companies became difficult. The total volume of trade with Germany has dropped sharply, while the arms trade, which has increased by a large margin, has begun to take the railroad.
The outbreak of war between France and Germany (including Poland), two industrial countries with a combined population of hundreds of millions, will have a huge impact on the world economy, the shrinking shipping industry is only one area, many economic fields are shrinking, but not as severe as the shrinkage of shipping, after all, the degree of globalization is still very low at this time, countries have implemented a long-term protection policy, so that the economies of all countries are relatively conservative, more than half of China's foreign trade exchanges, is carried out with its own dependent countries. France and Germany account for just over a little more than one layer of China's foreign trade.
China is not a country that relies heavily on foreign trade like Britain and Germany, and foreign trade is only a dispensable supplement to China's huge domestic market, while Franco-German trade, which accounts for one-tenth of the scale of foreign trade, is even more dispensable.
Therefore, after the outbreak of the war, China's individual areas were affected, but the overall economic situation was normal.
On the contrary, Britain has very close economic ties with France and Germany, and the implementation of the blockade has brought greater losses to Britain.
But it is China that has clashed with Britain because of this, and sometimes international politics is so bizarre that diplomats shout about interests, but often do not act in accordance with the principle of interests.
The light weight and the fact that the British made amends for it disappointed De Glalin, who felt that it was impossible for China to be drawn into the war because of such a thing.
The only possibility is that Britain attacks Germany and China declares its Sino-German alliance obligations and declares war on Britain. Judging from the current situation, because of the openness of the Sino-German alliance, Britain did not dare to declare war on Germany, and Germany could not declare war on Britain, which made China's involvement in the war more and more remote.
But recently, De Xuanlin suddenly became less anxious, although he still failed to open the arms market, but he suddenly understood that the arms market is also a small amount of money, and he found that the real money is not the arms dealers, not the arsenal, but the financiers, compared to the financial industry, the arms dealer and the arsenal are more like a worker who makes hard money.
And the financial business, took the initiative to find De Xuanlin.
As the war entered its third month, and Moltke concluded that the future war would be a war of attrition, this made the German government begin to prepare for a long war, and they did not fight a protracted war, although the Austro-Prussian War and the Franco-Prussian War were short, but the two wars with Russia were fought for several years, and Germany could cope with it.
France has the support of Britain, and Germany has also received the support of China, but the strength of support is different, France can get a lot of military aid from Britain, and the alliance between Germany and China, if China does not enter the war, will have little practical help, and Germany needs to raise its own funds to fight this war.
Moreover, because of the full mobilization, Germany has a shortage of labor, and many industries that were originally Germany's advantages have reduced production due to the lack of labor, and not only cannot be exported, but even need to be imported. For example, the workers who dig coal are often strong men, and they all have to serve in the army, and coal is essential for the war, and Germany was originally a big coal exporter, but now it needs to import coal.
The agricultural conditions in the Bode Plain were excellent, and Germany was able to be self-sufficient in grain and could export a large amount of grain to Britain before, but now it may also need to import grain, and the grain stock has not yet been eaten, but the German government expects that grain production will be affected this year, because the labor force of the old, weak, women and children left in the countryside is obviously unable to maintain the old output of German and Polish agriculture. Therefore, Germany and Poland banned the export of grain. The government began to collect all surplus food to cope with possible food shortages.
Germany has not yet begun to import grain, and coal imports are not from China, but from Russia and Ukraine, which are much closer, and even from Austria-Hungary. Coal is known as the food of industry, but like food, it is important, but it is not scarce, and many countries produce coal.
After the cut off of Australian iron ore imports, Germany imported from Sweden on the one hand, and also imported from Russia and Ukraine on the other hand, and at the same time, its own steel production fell sharply, and it also began to import steel directly from abroad, and the main importers were Austria-Hungary, Russia and Ukraine, as well as the Kingdom of the Urals.
It can be said that purely in terms of exports, in fact, in this war, it is not China that has gained the greatest benefits from Germany and France. At best, China exports weapons and equipment with higher added value, and almost no exports in the field of raw materials.
France mainly imports steel and coal from the United Kingdom and the United States, and does not import from China. Australian companies that export iron ore from Australia to France cannot compete with the United States, because the United States is closer to Europe and has an absolute advantage in shipping.
But there is one product that China is indeed the largest provider that no one can compete with, and that is credit, or monetary credit based on gold.
Wars are fought against people and resources, and people are used to fight wars, so resources can only be bought, and money must be bought to have money, and money in the era of the gold standard is gold.
France had to borrow a large amount of money from Britain and the United States to buy British and American goods and raw materials, but due to the British blockade policy, it was impossible for Germany to obtain resources from Britain, and to obtain resources from China, it had to own Chinese currency or hold gold.
The Germans financed themselves by various means, and as a German businessman who operated the largest foreign firm in China, it was impossible for the German ambassador not to seek the help of De Cellin.
At this time, De Xuanlin found out that the business of making money was more profitable than buying and selling arms. The German ambassador hoped that De Ulin would sell German bonds to Chinese capitalists, and in this respect, De Cellin, a broker, had a greater advantage than those more powerful German capitalists, because he was a middleman, and his greatest competitive advantage was his connections.
The German ambassador's commission for De Gilin was three thousandths, which was not as high as the commission he did for other businesses, but it was very large, and the cost of sales was extremely low. He runs a luxury business, and the commission can exceed 10 percent, but from design to delivery, it often takes months to years before it can be made into a business of a few hundred to thousands of pounds, and rarely a large business of more than 10,000 pounds. But to promote bonds, as long as they are sold, the commission will be directly deducted, and there is no upper limit, millions of pounds is not much, tens of millions of pounds is also possible, and De Xuanlin does not need to take any risks, and can get thousands or even tens of thousands of pounds of profits.
It's not a lot of money, but when De Trulin sells it to a Jewish banker friend she knows, the other party suddenly wants to cooperate with Del Celestial and tells her about the unimaginable profit model of the banking industry.
Jacob, a Jew, hoped that De Jong Lin would have a direct monopoly on German bond issuance in the Chinese market through his connections, and he hoped to become a senior partner of Resolute & Co. to make the deal together.
Jacob did not value commissions, but suggested that in order to obtain the underwriting rights of German bonds, commissions could be reduced to the level of one thousandth, believing that such a concession, coupled with De Cellin's connections, should be enough to impress the German government.
If you don't make money from commissions, then how can you make a profit? According to the credit level of different countries, some countries borrow even higher than commercial loans, more than 10 percent abound, but countries with strong credit such as Britain and China can even lower the interest rate of government bonds to less than 3 percent, that is, below 3 percent.
However, the interest rate of government bonds in the war will not be low, even in China and Britain, the interest rate of war bonds can exceed five percent, because the risk of war bonds is large, and the most important thing is the irreplaceability of war financing, resulting in a shortage of funds, so the cost of obtaining funds is of course higher.
This time, Germany issued bonds at an interest rate of 9 percent, while France, because of the unfavorable war situation, even borrowed from Britain and the United States at an interest rate of 1 and 2 percent.
Compared with the interest rate of 9%, the commission of 3/1000 is really a small profit.
However, investors hold 9% of the bonds as a reward for the risk of war, and neither De Nor Jacob has enough funds to hold the bonds, and Jacob is not willing to take such a risk.
He hoped that De Celin would be able to establish a monopoly on German bond issuance, and Jacob offered that he could afford to package the bonds and sell them at a lower interest rate.
Jacob said that as long as De Brin can sign an agreement with the German government to borrow money from him for 9 percent, and then Jacob will package the debt and issue 7 percent, or at most 8 percent, bonds, they will get more than 10 percent of the profit, and the risk is borne by the investors, they do not take the risk.
De Gilling had long inquired that Germany wanted to raise a billion pounds in the Chinese market, which was a profit of more than 10 million pounds. This huge amount of money is worth everything that De Xuanlin has to pay.
So he immediately signed an agreement with Jacob to recruit Jacob as his partner, and it was only then that Jacob revealed his entire plan to De Xuanlin, which shocked De Xuanlin even more. Because Jacob's later plan will triple the unimaginable benefits of De Xuanlin!
Jacob's real purpose was to profit from bond issuers, and if that were all he could, he would not have had to work with De Celestial, and the reason he valued Dermal was because of the advantages that Resolute & Co. had established in the intermediary business. Jacob hoped to combine bond issuance and war intermediaries to capture more than £30 million.
Specifically, De Xuanlin signed a financing agreement with the German government, but the money was not directly handed over to the German government, but was used to help the German government purchase goods from China. Helping the German government to finance can get more than one percent of the profit, and then contracting German military orders, you can charge a higher intermediary commission, the industry practice is three percent.
After the withdrawal of the overall plan, De Xuanlin couldn't help but be dumbfounded, sighing that this is the real profiteering!
It's a sinful profiteering, but he's incomparably obsessed!