Section 535 Austro-Hungarian Political Geography

"There is something strange about your territorial divisions. Isn't it because of the current situation formed by historical territorial succession? ”

There were geographical maps of various countries in the Tsar's study, and she casually opened the atlas and said against the map of China.

Zhou Chun shook his head: "Lord, there was no more two thousand years ago. The territory of the world has been deliberately set by successive dynasties. ”

The Tsaress added: "It is very strange. Geographically, Hanzhong should be connected with Sichuan? Divided into Shaanxi, this province spans the Qinling Mountains, isn't this very troublesome, and it will bring great difficulties to the administration. There is also the Yangtze River, which is crossed by most of the riverside provinces. ”

Zhou Chun shook his head and said, "No." It is all the provinces of Jiangbei that cross the Yangtze River. Jiangxi and Hunan in the south of the Yangtze River can be near the river, but they cannot cross the river. ”

The Tsaress wondered, "Yes." Why is that? Wouldn't it be of great economic benefit to let the provinces south of the Yangtze River push all the provinces south of the Yangtze River into the Yangtze River? Songjiang and Suzhou are geographically closer to Zhejiang, and if they are assigned to Zhejiang, it will be beneficial to reduce costs and improve efficiency economically, administratively. ”

Zhou Chun said: "In history, most of the north controlled the south, and this setting was to ensure the absolute geographical advantage of the north. ”

The Tsaresses sighed: "It's cruel! ”

She felt a sense of distrust and repression of the local area by the Chinese rulers.

Zhou Chun shook his head: "It's not cruel, it's just a strategy to prevent local division." ”

The female tsar asked: "Does it work?" ”

The female tsar does not seem to have seen a description of a similar role in Chinese history books, and there are too many local divisions in Chinese history.

Zhou Chun sighed: "I'm not sure. But one thing is certain: after the construction of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, it will be difficult for the Jiangnan regime to be separated. Going south from the north to Jiangnan is easier each time. ”

The female tsar said: "Didn't the Song Dynasty block the Jin people from going south?" ”

Zhou Chun snorted coldly: "They dug up the Yellow River!" It has flooded the Jianghuai area for hundreds of years. That's the cruelty! ”

During the Tang and Song dynasties, the Jianghuai was the richest region in China, after the Jin soldiers gained a firm foothold in the north, they began to move south to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty dug up the Yellow River, and the Yellow River seized the Huai River into the sea, causing the Jianghuai to become the most flooded area, at the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Yellow River flowed north again, but the Huai River has been silted up by the Yellow River into a hanging river, and the water of the Huai River can no longer flow in.

The Tsaress said: "What does this have to do with Austria-Hungary?" Do you mean that their territorial division is unreasonable? ”

Zhou Chun nodded: "Hungary's topographic division is too independent. It is bordered by the Southern Carpathians to the south, the Eastern Carpathians to the east, the Western Carpathians to the northwest, the Alps to the west, and the Adriatic coast mountains to the southwest. The entire Middle Danube Plain and the Transylvanian Plateau are included in Hungary, and the only way to enter and exit this plain is the mouth of the Danube River Valley, which is a state within a state. ”

The tsaress wondered: "The central great plain belongs to Hungary, but the surrounding mountains are given to Austria." Austria has an absolute advantage. Isn't this different from your Jiangbei rule in Jiangnan? ”

Zhou Chun sighed: "It's right to do this militarily, but it's not reasonable politically. Austria divided its territory in this way, and incorporated the central plain into the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary, and the independent geographical plate would encourage the sentiment of independence. Instead of relying on Austria for survival, Hungary will increasingly feel constrained by Austria. The dualistic structure is also irrational, giving equal power to the Hungarians, the Bohemians will feel unfair, and the Slavs will feel oppressed. This structure, when Austria is strong enough, can barely guarantee unity, and once the central government is weak, the localities will inevitably be divided! ”

The Tsaress felt that there was some truth: "Then how should it be divided according to your meaning?" ”

Zhou Chun said: "Now it seems that they should be divided according to the geographical plate, and because of the historical inheritance of power, the geographical plate may be very tenable in legal theory." However, the Hungarian crown was also worn on the head of the Austrian emperor, and Hungary did not continue to demand independence, and this principle of historical succession is itself unreliable. If it were me, it would be divided into three countries, Hungary would be fought for by themselves, and given them equal status, and not only would they not be grateful to the Austrians, but they would think that they had won it, and they would continue to fight with Austria in the future. If the Austrian Emperor was willing to allow the Kingdom of Bohemia to form an independent parliament and become a nation-state, the Bohemians would be grateful. The formation of three independent kingdoms within the territory will be more balanced. The Bohemians did not have to fight for it, they would have become more dependent on the Austrian magnates, which would have been enough to suppress Hungary. Hungary was suppressed by the Bohemians, trying to secure its position, and would also rely on the Austrians. In this way, the three countries, under the common royal power, can achieve balance. ”

The female tsar said: "What about the territory, how to divide it?" ”

Zhou Chun said: "It's my divide." The Hungarian Central Plains will not be given a complete plate, and Bosnia was not originally Hungarian, it was taken by Austria from the Ottomans. Included in Hungary is to win over Hungarians. But this does not make the other party grateful, even if the other party is grateful, where can this kindness stand the test. It is better to take the Danube as the boundary, and the west of the Danube is less than half of the plain terrain, and the western mountains are included in the Duchy of Austria. ”

The female tsar said: "Hungary will never agree, so that Budapest is included in Austria." ”

Zhou Chun said with a smile: "It's all a country, there is no need to pursue natural boundaries, it's just a general division." It also did not matter if the West Bank of the Danube around Budapest was assigned to Hungary, in order to create a dog-tooth situation of territory. In order for Hungary to agree, the Lower Danube Plain could be given to Hungary. The exchange of the two principalities of Wallachia and Moldova for the Great Plain west of the Danube is a good deal. Moreover, west of the Danube, less than 10% of the Hungarians lived. Most are Croats, Bosnians and Serbs. The inclusion of these nationalities in Hungary would bring unimaginable ethnic strife to Austria-Hungary with the narrow national policy of the Hungarians. ”

The Tsaress sighed: "Give the lower Danube to Hungary, and the Hungarian territory will be divided in half by the Southern Carpathians." It is connected by the Danube River in the middle. They have independent access to the sea and will not be subject to Austria! ”

Zhou Chun said with a smile: "It's nothing, after Hungary is close to the sea, isn't there more reason for Hungary to bear the cost for the navy, their navy is under the direct command of the emperor, and the Hungarians will definitely set up obstacles in the naval funding, because they feel that they can't get any benefits from the sea." ”

The tsaress was concerned about this question: "The Hungarians have access to the sea, will they push Austria-Hungary to expand in the direction of the Black Sea?" ”

This involved the interests of Russia, the two principalities of the lower Danube, which were originally Russia's targets.

Zhou Chun said with a smile: "Theoretically speaking, it will definitely be, because the expansion in the direction of the Black Sea is in the interests of the Kingdom of Hungary, and the Hungarian parliament will definitely support it." But there is one key issue, the access to the Black Sea is in the hands of Wallachia and the principalities of Moldova. With these two principalities annexed to Hungary, will they demand their own independent parliament in the same way that Hungary wrestled power from Austria? ”

The Tsaress asked: "Do you mean that there will be a national conflict between the Hungarians and the Black Sea Slavs in the Kingdom of Hungary?" ”

Zhou Chun smiled: "This is inevitable. In order to maintain its own access to the sea, Hungary must strive to suppress the Black Sea people. Their territory straddled the Southern Carpathians, and it was not easy to maintain control in the direction of the Black Sea, so they relied on the unified crown of Austria. In this way, Austria, through Hungary, on the one hand, maintained the territory on the Black Sea border, and Hungary had to rely on Austria in order to have access to the sea. It's called the big and small system! ”

The Tsaress said, "What about Bohemia? ”

Zhou Chun said: "Bohemia should not be firmly controlled by Austria either, they should give freedom to the Bohemians. The country was economically developed, and the upper class was mainly Austrian aristocracy, or Bohemia's own aristocracy, who either came from Austria or were vassals of the Habsburgs. Bohemian capitalists were also mostly Austrian investors, and the parliament was also pro-Austrian. These favorable factors were used by Austria as a tool for their domination of Bohemia, which in turn displeased the Bohemians. And this is also a separate terrain, which should be divided into two halves. ”

Austria is topographically connected to Bohemia, surrounded by the Western Carpathians, the Sudetenland, the Erzmountains, the Alps, etc., forming an upper Danube plateau. It is connected to the central plain of Hungary by the Danube River.

The Tsaress said: "It is precisely because of the independent terrain that it should be connected, and it is easier for Austria to balance Bohemia." ”

Zhou Chun sighed: "Putting two lions in a cage, I don't see any benefit except for intensifying the infighting." ”

The female tsar said: "Then how do you say to divide it?" ”

Zhou Chun said with a smile: "Let Bohemia be separated from Austria by the Danube, across the Sudetenland, and extend west to the east of the Carpathians, and divide Western Ukraine into the Kingdom of Bohemia." ”

The female tsar frowned, Western Ukraine must be taken back.

"Wouldn't that be a conflict with us?"

Zhou Chun smiled: "Of course. This is the secret of this division, and from the inside, the core territory of the Kingdom of Bohemia, located on the same basin or plateau as the Duchy of Austria, can hardly exist independently. From the outside, the Bohemians would bear the brunt of Russian deterrence, or if he wanted to expand, he would have to expand in the direction of Russia. Expansion was basically impossible, and in order to keep the territory of Western Ukraine, the Bohemians could not get rid of Austrian influence on the one hand, and had to rely on Austria on the other. In the same way, they had to help the Austrian Emperor suppress the separatist tendencies of the two minorities of Poland and Ukraine in Western Ukraine. ”

The Tsaress snorted: "In this way, it will not do Russia any good. ”

Zhou Chun nodded and said, "Of course." If it's my way, it's divided into three elements. Austria mainland will form a complex geographical formation of plateaus, plains and mountain ranges west of the Alps and the Danube, similar to the Qindi to control both sides of the Qinling Mountains, which can be attacked and retreated, and occupy an upstream geographical advantage over Hungary and Bohemia. The Duchy of Austria will be composed of Austrians and Yugoslavs, no longer connected to Russia, Hungary in the Black Sea direction, and Bohemia in the direction of Western Ukraine, which will face common Russian pressure and be heavily dependent on Austrian support. ”

The female tsar snorted coldly: "This means that Russia is helping Austria maintain its rule?" ”

Zhou Chun nodded and said, "Of course." Do you think that the reason why a country exists is to fight against a common enemy? Whether it is to deal with an irresistible natural catastrophe or to deal with a powerful foreign invasion, a country without a common goal cannot exist forever. Isn't it in your opinion that Switzerland was able to unite the Italians, Germans, and French in order to fight against the Habsburgs, a common and powerful enemy? I dare say that without the existence of the Habsburgs, the country of Switzerland would have been divided long ago. ”

The Tsaress laughed, "It's a good thing they didn't divide it according to your method." Otherwise Russia will be in trouble. ”

Zhou Chun sighed: "Yes." That's why I said they're finished, and we have to congratulate Russia. ”

The Tsaress also sighed: "Thank you." Now we can think about which piece of land to get back first! ”

Zhou Chun nodded: "You think about it slowly, tell me when you think about it, I just want to go to Vienna, I can go and help you bring a message." ”

The female tsar frowned: "You're going to Vienna!" ”

At this time, Zhou Chun was going to Vienna, and it was very rare to make a lot of political and geographical remarks with him, and there was no ghost.

The Tsaress's heart was secretly thinking.