Fifth, the development of the mining industry. Pen ~ fun ~ pavilion www.biquge.info

The five-year plan clearly stipulates that the state will vigorously develop the mining industry, encourage the development of mining holes, and establish mining farms.

Strengthen the investigation and research of geology and minerals, increase the number of state-owned mining areas, relax private prospecting and mining rights, and allow foreign capital to enter the field of mineral exploitation, but only on the premise that the empire holds more than 50% of the shares.

Therefore, the state promulgated the "Mining Regulations of the Chinese Empire" and set up a special Mining Supervision Bureau, which specifically stipulates the management and incentive measures for mining, which not only eliminates the indiscriminate mining of minerals, but also encourages joint mining and economic development.

However, in order to keep the mining rights in the hands of the state, according to the provisions of the mining charter, all mineral mining, except for the central or local government representing the state, which has to hold a certain share, must pay a mining tax of not less than 10 percent of the mine price for the sale of the minerals, and standardize the management of the mines.

Of course, the empire also gave incentives to mine owners who opened mines, exempted and exempted mining registration fees in the original Manchu Qing Dynasty, allowed all firms to register freely, and gave honorary rewards to businesses that had made remarkable achievements in operating mining industries, and could reduce or exempt a certain percentage of taxes. Vigorously encourage machine mining, for the introduction of advanced mining machinery, give 10% of the machine cost subsidy.

In the five-year plan, it is clearly proposed to establish several large-scale mines, and all provinces should establish large and medium-sized iron and coal mines, and other ore-producing mining areas should develop mines in accordance with local conditions.

Sixth, develop foreign trade.

The five-year plan proposes to vigorously develop foreign trade.

The Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China set up a foreign trade bureau to establish a foreign trade economy headed by the Nanyang Company, which was divided into three foreign trade companies, namely the Nanyang Company, the Oriental Company and the Beiyang Company, which were set up in Guangzhou, Shanghai and Tianjin of the empire.

The foreign trading companies of Sanyang are all state-controlled. Among them, Nanyang Company is the absolute leading company, which originally belonged to Emperor Feng Yunshan and held 80 percent of the shares, and the remaining 20 percent of the shares were raised by the squires of the 13 Banks of Guangzhou and the area of Guangzhou. However, for the purpose of this issuance, the emperor personally retained only 20 percent of the shares, of which 50 percent was allocated to the state, and the remaining 10 percent of the shares were issued to the whole country. At the same time, the same is true of the Toyo Company and the Nanyang Company, which are each contributed 3 million taels by the treasury of the Chinese Empire, plus the cost of the policy, accounting for 70 percent of the shares, and the remaining 30 percent of the shares, valued at 2 million taels, and issuing shares to the people of the whole country, which can be purchased by anyone.

At the same time, the Imperial Cabinet established the Imperial Foreign Trade Statute to encourage and regulate the development of foreign trade. Each coastal province has set up a foreign trade bureau to have jurisdiction over the customs of each treaty port and regulate foreign trade matters.

Foreign trade and the industrialization of the empire complemented and promoted each other.

On the one hand, by vigorously developing foreign trade, overseas funds were earned, which were used to purchase Western machinery and raw materials, and to hire foreign craftsmen and laborers; On the other hand, through foreign trade, the introduction of Western machinery and Western factory management systems, better production and transportation of goods, services and foreign trade.

As for private capital, there is no need to encourage it, and it is also scrambling to enter the field of foreign trade, what the empire has to do is to establish the Guangzhou Chamber of Commerce, Xiamen Chamber of Commerce, Ningbo Chamber of Commerce, etc., to gather local gentry to standardize the quality and price of goods in foreign trade, and achieve the purpose of standardizing the foreign trade market and unifying with foreign countries.

The amendment stipulates that more than 100 kinds of goods can be exempted from export taxes, such as dried fruits, medicinal herbs, agricultural products, handicrafts, etc., and at the same time, the tax collection of these goods at the mainland checkpoints will be stopped, so as to encourage domestic merchants to export these goods.

Of course, compared with China's advantageous industries, such as raw silk, tea, and ceramics, there is no reduction in export taxes, which are almost the monopoly of the three major foreign trade companies, and the Ministry of Finance and Taxation intends to raise some tariffs to balance prices in various places, so as not to be benefited by foreigners.

However, the empire's foreign trade plan reflected the unanimous protectionism of the state, subsidizing the introduction of Western machinery, steel, cotton, and other equipment and raw materials for production, while imposing heavy taxes on consumables such as opium and sugar, and using high prices to resist them.

Seventh, develop the financial industry.

The Five-Year Plan proposes that the Chinese Empire will basically unify the entire Chinese territory within five years, and this will be accompanied by the reform of the imperial monetary system, and the primary task is to unify the currency.

People of the whole era may not be aware of it, but Feng Yunshan knows that a unified currency is very important to the economic operation of a country.

More than a year ago, in the period of the original Holy Kingdom, the Central Bank of the Holy Kingdom was set up to issue "Holy Currency", and the original Manchu gold and silver ingots and copper coins were announced to be withdrawn from circulation within half a year. And now with the establishment of the Chinese Empire, Sichuan and Guizhou and several northern provinces have entered the rule, and, with the continuous expansion, in the near future, the northwestern provinces and the northeastern provinces will also enter the territory of the empire one after another, so that there will be a former Manchu currency into the circulation of the holy country, therefore, Feng Yunshan demanded, in this five-year plan, the currency of the empire is fully determined as the only circulating currency.

The Ministry of Finance and Taxation stipulates that the holy currency issued by the original central bank of the holy country will continue to be used, and at the same time, it is announced that the issuance of paper money will be the same as the metal holy currency issued by the original central bank, and the holy currency is the only standard currency used by the state, and the rest are not allowed to circulate, and must be exchanged for holy money at the national bank before use.

In this way, the types of holy coins are divided into several kinds, paper money has a dime, one yuan, five yuan, ten yuan, and one hundred yuan, and metal money, it is still divided into three types: gold coins, silver coins, and copper coins.

Since Feng Yunshan knew that with the development of society, the silver standard system would collapse in the next few decades, so he took precautions and responded in advance, slowly reducing the number of gold and silver coins issued and replacing them with paper money.

Therefore, in the actual currency issuance, metal money is slowly only issuing copper coins, 1 Wen, 5 Wen, 10 Wen, and 100 Wen.

Due to the expansion of the empire's territory and the larger economy it carried, the Ministry of Finance and Taxation decided to increase the capital of the Central Bank of China in view of this, and at the same time, in order to ensure the development of agriculture, it set up another Agricultural Bank of China, with a capital of 5 million yuan, and at the same time increased the capital of the original four state-owned banks, namely the Central Bank of China, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the Bank of Communications, and the China Construction Bank, with the Central Bank of China directly increasing its capital to 20 million yuan, and the other three banks also increasing their capital to 5 million yuan, just like the Agricultural Bank of China.

The total capital of the gap was 24 million yuan, and 24 million yuan of "treasury bonds" were issued by the imperial court of the Chinese Empire as a fund for the three banks. As a result, the shares of the three major commercial banks, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the Bank of Communications, and the China Construction Bank, which were originally subscribed by private capital, have been further greatly reduced.

The Ministry of Finance and Taxation stipulates that the holy currency is the only legal and unified standard currency in China, and all payments for grain taxes, trade, and public and private payments must be paid in the holy currency, and silver and foreign foreign dollars are prohibited from circulating in the market. At the same time, the imperial court announced that gold was state-owned, and the gold of all the common people and squires could not be circulated, and could be exchanged for holy currency at state-owned banks.

Feng Yunshan believed that in less than five years, the Holy Coin would truly become the unified currency of the Empire. At this time, although the value of the holy currency has not been completely separated from the price of silver, with the replacement of paper money, it will gradually reduce the impact of the rise and fall of the world silver price, thereby stabilizing the financial sector. The enrichment and stability of the imperial finance, the increase in bank lending, and the increase in the amount of money put into the private sector will make it profitable to invest in industry, which will stimulate the desire of the merchants and the gentry and landlords in the countryside to invest, and pull the old landlords and wealthy, who only focus on the land, from the countryside to the towns, and turn them from landlords to capitalists, thus promoting the development of production.

Not only that, after the standardization of the currency system of the holy currency, the foreign exchange rate of the holy currency was determined, that is, one holy currency yuan was exchanged for one Mexican eagle dollar, and 4.4 yuan was exchanged for one pound sterling gold coin, which stabilized the exchange rate, eliminated the foreign trade risk caused by the instability of the currency value and foreign exchange rate in the future to a certain extent, and further promoted foreign trade.