He Ruzhang, the minister of the Ming Dynasty to Japan, walked out of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs in disappointment, his diplomatic activities failed, and Japan said that once the Ming Dynasty went to war with the United States, Japan would strictly abide by the neutrality law. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

He Ruzhang wooed Japan and said that the United States not only excludes China but also Japan, and if a war breaks out between the Ming and the United States because of the Chinese exclusion issue, Japan can also benefit from it, and the Ming hopes that Japan can form an alliance with the Ming Dynasty in the war against the United States, and fight for the survival rights of Asians and yellow people.

However, Japan said that Japan did not have the conditions to join the war and that Japan would remain neutral.

He Ruzhang lobbied many times, but failed to convince the Japanese, and Japan always said that it would stick to neutrality.

This meant that in the event of a war, the Ming would not be able to use Japan's ports.

What He Ruzhang didn't know was that his negotiations with Japan, the shock caused by the top level of the Japanese government, the Ming Dynasty had defeated France once, after the victory of the Ming Dynasty, the Japanese cultural circles had a strong response, and the positive voices were dominant, they saw the yellow race defeat the white race, and Japan felt encouraged by the strong sense of crisis, which means that as long as the reform continues, Japan, which is also a yellow country, can also become strong, so as to get rid of the danger of being divided by the whites.

This is just like the encouragement of non-Caucasian countries in the world after the Russo-Japanese War, before the Russo-Japanese War, although he was not convinced, but he was influenced by white supremacy, seeing that white people were rampant all over the world and superior in all places, the shadow of inferiority caused in the hearts of non-Caucasian people was very profound, and Japan's victory made everyone see hope, it turned out that non-Caucasian people were weak, not because of congenital inferiority, as long as they were reformed and worked hard, they could also become stronger.

However, the Japanese country is very cautious, or has a strong sense of self-esteem, and the Japanese cultural circles are very worried while they are happy.

In 1884, he published an article entitled "Japan Can't Be Covered by China", in which Westerners would only mention the Ming Dynasty and the Manchu Qing Dynasty when they mentioned East Asia, and felt that Japan was obscured by the reflection of the huge East Asian continent, and also claimed that the groveling and incorruptibility of the people of China was a chivalrous act of the Japanese, and the cruel punishment of the Koreans would make the Japanese also considered ruthless. On the one hand, Fukuzawa's writing contains blind arrogance in front of mainland countries, and on the other hand, it shows excessive inferiority in front of Westerners, and extremely cares about the perception of Westerners.

Although Japan's Meiji Restoration was completely Westernized politically, economically, and culturally, it abandoned its roots and seemed to be confused, helpless, and panicked as if it could not find its way home in the vast sea.

In particular, Westernized figures like Yukichi Fukuzawa vigorously advocated the comprehensive westernization of Japan, sang the praises of various undertakings in the Meiji Restoration, and completely despised the reforms of the Ming Dynasty and the Westernization Movement of the Manchu Qing Dynasty.

Instead of using the traditional name to refer to the mainland as China or the Tang Dynasty, they instead called it China or the China region, including the Ming Dynasty, and obviously they did not want to use China, a more historically respected name, to describe the mainland country.

I don't want the Japanese to continue to be immersed in the traditional etiquette culture, and I hope to encourage the animality in the Japanese character and promote militarism.

Not only did he disdain Chinese cultural expressions, but he also demanded that the Japanese should abandon the achievements of the Tang Dynasty for thousands of years, and wrote an article entitled "Things with the Color of China Should Be Abandoned" to call for it. Writing "Theory of Civilization" to criticize traditional culture, human civilization is divided into three categories, uncivilized, semi-civilized and civilized, they believe that the original Japan belongs to semi-civilized, with the study of Western civilization, Japan has been civilized, and China and Korea are still uncivilized countries, Japan needs to use the military to help China and Korea civilize, obviously the ultimate purpose of this goods is to advocate attacking the mainland.

In the end, the idea formed was the so-called secession from Asia and entry into Europe.

It is precisely this kind of blind flattery in Japan that allows the Japanese to put aside their minds and explode into a drastic Westernization when they are carrying out innovations, and at the same time they wantonly abandon the old traditions, lose their cultural self-confidence, and have an extremely inferior mentality, and even have a kind of public opinion that calls for the introduction of European and American races to improve the Japanese race, and directly thinks that the Japanese race is inferior.

This is the mistake that countries without foundation are prone to make, blindly inferiority when they decline, and blind conceit when they rise.

Later, Lu Xun and others, who studied in Japan, were also contaminated with this problem, and even Chinese writing had to be abandoned, believing that only in this way could Chinese culture be thoroughly improved, because in that case, Chinese people would not be able to read ancient books, and they would not be bound by old history and old ideas.

A few years ago, there was a Renwu Mutiny in Korea, and the Manchu Qing and Japan sent troops to Korea at the same time to suppress it, and Fukuzawa Yukichi began to agitate for war at that time, writing an article "The Guilt of the Shina Soldiers Is Hard to Escape", claiming that the Manchu soldiers killed Japanese women and children in Korea, and also wrote "Once the war starts, the victory is in your hands" to embolden the Japanese people, and also told the people not to be afraid of the retaliation of the Shina people, etc.

The theory of this goods is very popular in Japan, but the Ming is also changing, he in order to belittle the results of the Ming Dynasty's reform, or the capital, a few years ago to the Ming Dynasty after a travel, returned to China to write an article to tell the Japanese that the Ming Dynasty change is just an illusion, the face is pasted on the surface of Western civilization, the bones are still that set of decadent culture, he is mainly based on the Ming Dynasty popular education textbooks in a large number of teaching four books and five classics, he told the Japanese people, in Japan rapid innovation of education, the use of the most advanced, When the most civilized Western textbooks were educating their own students, the Ming Dynasty was instead building temples and houses.

Japan's Terakoya has made an indispensable contribution to the history of education in Japan, mainly private educational institutions, generally founded by temples, free or only a small amount of tuition, educating the children of ordinary people to read, many children from poor families have been placed in temples since childhood, like children in temples, so it is called Terakoya.

This kind of temple house is not formal, the knowledge taught mainly depends on the level of the temple teachers, most of them still teach traditional Confucianism, and at the same time, for the sake of children's livelihood, they also teach some practical agricultural knowledge to the common people, which is very popular with ordinary people.

The reason why Japan was able to have a literacy rate of more than 50% before the Meiji Restoration was the credit of this kind of temple house, which had about 16,560 temple houses in Japan, because it was a temple, so the people were more at ease, and female students were willing to send them to study, so the teachers and students of the temple house had a considerable number of women, which made the literacy rate in Japan at the end of the Edo period reach the highest level in the world, and the school attendance rate in 1850 was as high as 70%-86%, and when the Ming Dynasty implemented universal education for 20 years, barely reached this level.

In September 1872, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, and Culture promulgated the Educational Reform Decree "School System", which clearly announced that it would popularize elementary schools throughout the country, and divide the country into 80 university districts, each with one university and 32 middle schools. There are 210 elementary schools in each secondary school district. There are 8 universities, 256 middle schools and 53,760 primary schools nationwide. In fact, they know that in the 21st century, more than 20,000 primary schools have been built.

However, the new teaching order, which demanded the abolition of the temple house and forcibly required the students to transfer to the government-run Western-style school, not only was it not welcomed by the people, but it was boycotted, and the people felt that the children crowded together to listen to the teacher to listen to the teacher's Western science and culture, nothing was learned, and it was completely useless, and it was not as good as the agricultural knowledge taught in the temple house.

As a result, the common people were reluctant to send their children to government-run schools, and the enrollment rate in elementary schools was only 28% in 1873, 50% in 1890, and 96% in 1905, surpassing the enrollment rate in the Terakoya era.

In addition, the government's funds for running schools are mainly levied on the poor people, which makes the people even more dissatisfied, and there have been a large number of incidents of smashing schools and attacking teachers.

However, they succeeded in destroying all the temples and passing a decree to separate the gods and Buddhas from the Shinto temples that had established a large number of gods and Buddhas, and to promote Shinto in Japan while excluding Buddhism, which had been integrated with Shintoism.

Japan called it the "abolition of Buddha and extermination movement", a large number of Buddhist temples were completely destroyed, most of the temples of the Buddha statues, Buddhist tools were destroyed, monks turned into clergy, until 1901, this Buddhist cultural extinction movement ended, and in this year, a temple in Japan reopened the temple house nature of the school, to help the people take care of and educate children, but has been renamed kindergarten.

When later generations mentioned the reasons for the success of the Meiji Restoration, it must be said that Japan attached great importance to education, and it is generally true that Japan cultivated a large number of industrialized talents in a short period of time by introducing Western education methods, but their education also took a detour. To a large extent, the success of Japan's industrialization was not the success of education, but the success of industrialization that led to the success of education.

Fukuzawa Yukichi criticized the Ming Dynasty for popularizing education as a temple house, showing the Japanese people's disdain for their country's old traditions, thinking that the temple house is not good, this is mainly the mentality of the elite, everything looks westward, and anything that is not Westernized is not good. The Ming Dynasty adhered to the old moral education, largely because of Zhu Jinglun's compromise with the scholarly class. However, it is by no means a completely traditional old school, and the main teaching is still basic science such as mathematics.

However, Fukuzawa Yukichi compared the Ming education to the Japanese Terakoya education, to a certain extent, he found a theoretical basis for the Ming reform, and his purpose was to maintain the correctness of the Japanese-style reform, worried that the Japanese government and the people would be influenced by the Ming Dynasty and return to the old way of education.

However, the defeat of France by the Ming Dynasty embarrassed the old boy Fukuzawa Yukichi, and many cultural scholars who still have a good impression of traditional Confucianism posted articles asking him why the Ming Dynasty of Terakoya defeated France, instead of Japan, which had already "continuously adopted the sharp weapons of Western civilization" in Fukuzawa Yukichi's mouth, defeated the whites.

Yukichi Fukuzawa kept a low profile for a while, but as the relationship between the Ming and the United States became tense, he became active again, and he encouraged the Japanese government to take advantage of the opportunity of the Ming Dynasty's bad relations with the United States to find an opportunity to "civilize Korea."