This problem is very serious, Zhou Chenggong suddenly felt that he seemed to be too careless, and it was really easy to be sad.

He understands the intricacies of these countries or ethnic areas, but he may not be fully prepared for them, or he still has no experience. The Bal Peninsula, between the Adriatic Sea and the Black Sea, is inhabited by more than two dozen ethnicities of different identities, or perhaps more. Under the Ottoman Empire, the national mood was not very strong in the context of the great imperial culture, and the modern concept of the nation-state brought about by the Napoleonic Wars inspired the national identities of the middle and upper social elites, and this uprising thoroughly popularized these national identities.

Vendetta comes from hatred, and the Ottoman policy of different nationalities for a long time has created a lot of contradictions, but these consequences have to be borne by Greece, which is not unfair, because if Greece wants to inherit the legacy of the Ottoman Empire, it must also bear the troubles of the Ottoman Empire.

Zhou Chenggong knew that there were many ethnic contradictions here, but he did not have enough understanding of the fierce conflicts after the contradictions broke out.

He quickly accessed all the relevant information, and the information itself was very confusing, and the most serious vendetta was the Bulgarian region, which was very large in the division of this era, and the stretch from the Black Sea to Albania could be counted as a Bulgarian region, because a powerful Bulgarian empire, the empire of the Bolgars, was established here in history.

It is limited to the west and north of the Rhodope Mountains, and it is also very complicated. The population of the region was about 2 million, including about 520,000 Turks, and it was very doubtful whether these Turks were an ethnic group, because some of them were Turkic tribes who migrated from Asia from Ottomans, and some of them were local Bulgars who converted to Islam, all of which were classified as Turkic peoples.

Bulgaria has been under Ottoman rule for about 5 centuries since it was governmented. After the Ottoman conquest of Bulgaria, the Ottoman rulers moved a large number of Turkic peoples and nomads from Asia Minor to Bulgaria. In the city, the Bulgarians fled, and the wealthy who remained converted to Islam and were slowly assimilated by the Ottoman immigrants.

The Ottomans also transplanted a whole system of domination from Asia, and all the conquered lands were declared to be owned by the Sultan. The Sultan then divided these lands among his subordinates, the military aristocracy, the Muslim monasteries, and the Ottoman settlers who settled in Bulgaria. The largest part of it was occupied by military groups, including the later Janisseri and Sipahi cavalry.

The feudal lords occupied a large amount of land, and the local people became serf-like peasants, at the beginning these feudal lords were in exchange for land ownership in exchange for service, and the land changed with the change of positions, and did not form the aristocracy and serfdom in the European sense, so later some Western scholars believed that the Ottoman rule was of positive significance, because he broke the serfdom system in Europe. Later, the settlement of the Janissiri and Sipahi cavalry, especially the military organization of the Janisseri, was actually composed of mainly Caucasian Europeans, including Bulgarians, Albanians and other warlike peoples. After the abolition of the military system, the positions of these feudal lords began to be hereditary, and the land was passed down from generation to generation. Instead, it is more like European serfdom, perhaps a kind of inheritance.

But the Ottoman agrarian system, in which each peasant received 5 to 15 hectares of land, cultivated it with his own livestock and tools, and paid taxes and rents to the state and their feudal lords respectively, was considered to be less burdensome on the peasants than serfdom in Europe, because they did not need to perform forced labor or unpaid labor.

However, because the strange Muslim military lords and Ottoman immigrants owned the vast majority of the land, as the population increased and the burden on the peasants became heavier and heavier, the national contradictions began to transform into contradictions between the landlords and the destitute tenant farmers.

In fact, as early as the previous Russo-Turkish wars, every time there would be an uprising of the Bulgarians, with the purpose of seizing land, which had the character of a peasant uprising. This time was no exception, the Bulgarian peasants killed, drove out the Muslim landlords, divided their land and property.

To Zhou Chenggong's surprise, the Bulgarians even attacked the Greeks, because the Greeks had a long-term official position due to their cultural superiority during the Ottoman rule, and they also became one of the ruling classes, and the Bulgarian peasants at the bottom also hated the Greeks. This hatred is not national, but class, not because they are Greeks, but because they are landlords.

Compared to the conflict over land ownership in Bulgaria, the Macedonian vendetta was more complex and chaotic, with not only the Orthodox Macedonians vendetta against the Muslim Turks, but also the Catholic Macedonians, and the tripartite ethnic groups attacking each other. Religious vendettas were accompanied by ethnic civil wars, in which different groups took the opportunity to form their own armies and compete for territory with each other. Of course, there were also peasant uprisings caused by land disputes.

It was the Macedonian incident that aroused the attention of Austria, and Zhou Chenggong couldn't help but have a headache. Macedonia is too complicated, historically it was home to the ancient Macedonians, who were part of the ancient Greek nation or the barbarians on the periphery of Greece who were assimilated by Greek culture, and who later unified Greece, and Alexander's empire was built on the Macedonian kingdom that unified Greece.

Later, after the 4th century AD, a large number of Slavs from the Black Sea moved to the area, and there was a fierce competition with the Eastern Roman Empire, which ruled the area, and the Bulgarian Empire and the Serbian Empire were founded on the basis of the Slavs who had migrated to the Balkans, and there were no fewer civil wars between them than with the Eastern Roman Empire. Both sides had controlled the Macedonian region, which had advanced all the way to the Aegean Sea, and Thessaloniki, now ruled by Greece, was one of the centers of Slavic Macedonia.

There is no doubt that Macedonia was Slavized in the Middle Ages, and the Macedonian president later publicly stated this issue: "We are indeed Macedonians, but we are Slavic Macedonians, and this is who we are." We have nothing to do with the Greek Alexander and his Macedonia. The ancient Macedonians no longer exist. They were lost to history a long time ago. Our ancestors only arrived here in the 5th and 6th centuries AD. ”

Ancient Greece, the Eastern Roman Empire, the Serbian Empire, the Bulgarian Empire, and later the Ottoman Empire ruled the area, resulting in an extremely complex ethnic group, with people who settled at different times, as well as peoples who moved in at different times, so that there were Serbs, Albanians, Greeks, and even Wallachians in the Black Sea region. On the issue of the number of nationalities, the statistics or data produced by various groups according to their own interests are very exaggerated.

Historically, after the Balkan countries became independent, they all interpreted the ethnic composition of Macedonia in their favor, trying to have a more favorable advantage in the partition of Macedonia. In 1899, the Kingdom of Serbia announced that there were 2,048,000 Serbs and 57,000 Bulgarians in Macedonia, and Bulgaria immediately announced that only 700 Serbs had been found, while Bulgarians had 1,180,000, a difference of 920,000. The region is so ethnically mixed that the French word for macedoine is derived from Macedonia.

Complex ethnic and religious issues have given rise to complex conflicts and inextricable conflicts of interest with foreign countries.

Austria was the great power that was most concerned about this great national uprising, which spread throughout the Balkans. Because they are also here and territorial, the Croats living in Dalmatia, the Serbs, Croats and Bosnians living in Bosnia, and the two principalities of Wallachia and Moldova (Romania) are all ethnic groups of Slavic culture, and there is some confusion because of different beliefs. Austria feared that chaos in the Balkans would provoke an uprising within them.

At the same time, Austria was also worried that after Greece unified the Balkans, it would have conflicts with itself over Wallachia, the principality of Moldova, and Bosnia. Therefore, Austria, while paying close attention to it, at the same time strengthening its forces in the border areas, caused panic in the Greek Foreign Ministry. The intervention of such a large empire as Austria was fatal for Greece. And there is no doubt that Britain supported Austrian intervention.

Zhou Chenggong urgently summoned the Austrian consul, who continued to express his concern and oppose Greece's annexation of Balkan territories under any name, arguing that it would increase regional instability and affect Austrian interests in the region.

After repeated trials with the Austrian consul, Zhou Chenggong believed that Austria's direct involvement was unlikely, and Austria was now even more worried about the problems of the Slavic peoples in its own territory.

However, Zhou Chenggong suddenly discovered that Serbia had taken direct action and sent troops into the Macedonian region.

Serbia also apparently had the support of Austria, and Greece did not even have a reason to oppose them.

Serbia has been virtually independent for more than 20 years, with an uprising during the Napoleonic Wars, and then the Ottoman Empire forced to recognize its autonomy due to the intervention of European countries, and Serbia has maintained only a nominal suzerainty with the Ottoman Empire, paying only a small tribute.

After independence, Serbia formed a principality, with the leader of the uprising, Mikhailo Obrenovic, as Grand Duke. After three generations, the reign was not long, Mikhailo Obrenovich abdicated in 1839, his son Mikhailo Obrenovich II died of illness after a month as Grand Duke, and his grandson Mikhailo Obrenovich III was only 16 years old. After ascending to the throne, he was overthrown by another uprising leader, Karačorče-Petrovich, who became the new Grand Duke.

Initially, the territory of the Principality of Serbia was only the original Belgrade region, but in recent years it has expanded to the east, south and west, especially the Ottoman war with Russia was frustrated, Serbia quickly expelled the surrounding Ottoman garrisons, and in the south it already bordered the Macedonian region.

Then, after the outbreak of the uprising, Serbia marched into Macedonia on the grounds of supporting the national uprising, and Greece also marched into Macedonia on this ground, so there was no reason to oppose Serbia.

This means that Macedonia is likely to be partitioned.